Investigation on the quality of briquettes made from rarely used wood species, agro-wastes and forest biomass (original) (raw)
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Nnkkmlll, EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME BIOMASS BRIQUETTES
In many developing countries, the use of energy in the form of firewood, twigs and charcoal has been the major source of renewable energy due to the high cost of cooking gas and kerosene. This necessitated the use of agricultural and wood wastes in producing briquette as alternatives. In this work, the physical properties (compressed density, relaxed density, length expansion and swelling thickness) of some biomass briquettes of different sizes were evaluated. They are maize stalk (0.6, 1.0, 2.36, 4.75, 8.0, 9.5 and12.5mm), rice husks (0.6, 1.0, and 2.36mm), and sawdust (0.6, 1.0, 2.36, 4.75, 8.0, 9.5 and12.5mm. It was discovered that rice husk briquette of 0.6mm particle size showed better compressed and relaxed density than the other briquettes. Also, the briquettes produced from 0.6mm particle size for the three biomass materials showed better result for swelling thickness while rice husks of particle size of 0.6mm with 3% starch content showed better result for length expansion. It can therefore be concluded that the smaller the particle size of the briquette considered the better the physical properties evaluated. However, it is recommended that the production of good biomass briquettes should include moderate starch proportion or other good binder in order to influence the physical properties.
Analysis of Physical Properties of Biomass Briquettes Prepared by Wet Briquetting
2013
Abstract:- Biomass material such as rice straw, banana leaves and teak leaves (Tectona grandis) are densified by means of wet briquetting process at lower pressures of 200-1000 kPa using a piston press. Shear strength, durability, impact resistance and calorific values are determined. Optimum densities for each type of briquette for good quality and their corresponding die pressures were determined. Shear strength and durability increases with the applied die pressure while impact resistance is not influenced by increasing die pressure. Keywords:- Biomass, Briquettes, wet briquettes, Shear strength, Impact resistance, calorific value I.
Material and operating variables affecting the physical quality of biomass briquettes
Biomass is a renewable energy source and environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum products. Biomass has low bulk density, which makes it very difficult and costly to transport and handle. One of the very good strategies to overcome these difficulties is to densify the biomass to a high density product like briquettes. Briquetting is influenced by a number of material properties such as moisture content, particle size distribution, and some operating variables such as temperature and densification pressure. In this study, experiments were designed and performed to produce briquettes using barley straw, canola straw, oat straw, and wheat straw. The chopped samples were densified using laboratory hydraulic press briquetting machine under three pressure levels (7.5, 10, 12.5 MPa), three levels of temperature (90, 110, 130ºC), at three moisture content levels (9, 12, 15% w.b.), and three levels of particle size (19.1, 25.04, 31.75 mm). For each treatment combination, ten briquettes were manufactured at a residence time of about 30 s. After compression, the dimensions of all the samples were measured; samples were then stored in Ziploc bags at a controlled environment for two weeks. Durability, dimensional stability, and moisture content tests were conducted after two weeks of storage of the briquettes. Results of the analysis indicated that moisture content plays a significant role on briquettes durability, stability, and density. Low moisture content of the straws (9-12%) gives better, denser, more stable, and more durable briquettes than moisture content at 15%.. The axial expansion was more significant than the lateral expansion, which in some cases tended to be nil depending on the treatment combination of the material and operating variables. At high temperature (130oC) and low moisture (9-12%), compacts with high durability rating were produced. At high pressure (12.5 MPa) and low moisture (9-12%), compact with high density were obtained. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that temperature has positive correlation with durability rating and no significant effect on the density, while pressure is positively correlated with the compact density.
Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approach
Research in Agricultural Engineering
Waste from a forest environment constitutes an enormous quantity of renewable energy resources. In this study undesirable forest materials, such as jatropha seed shells (JSSs) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood shavings (EcWSs) were used in the production of briquettes with Acacia senegal as the binder using mixing proportions of 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 while the binder was varied from 50, 60, 70, 80 to 90 g. Some physical properties, such as the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, were optimised using the response surface methodology at these mixing proportions. The outcome of the production showed the briquettes to have mean values of 0.66 kg•m-3 , 11.51, 91.12 and 99.7 % for the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. The optimum mixing ratio and binder quantity of 75 : 25 and 60 g, respectively, would result in a briquette having a 0.70 kg•m-3 , 10.88, 98.11 and 99.86% density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. It has been revealed that the JSS and EcWS are potential organic wastes which could be used as a feedstock for the production of briquettes. It could be concluded that the variation in the mixing proportion of the JSSs, EcWSs and A. senegal significantly affected the properties of the produced briquettes.
Energy and Mechanical Characterization of Briquettes Made from Waste
2020
The biomass briquettes can produce a higher quality solid biofuel than the residual biomass material. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of paraffin as a binder in the sorghum briquettes formation. Three treatments were used: (T1) 100% sorghum + without heating; (T2) 96% sorghum + 4% paraffin + without heating and (T3) 96% sorghum + 4% paraffin + heating. Some biomass characteristics were observed such as: moisture content, bulk density and energy characteristics (fixed carbon, volatile, ashes and high heating value). The mechanical characteristics (expansion, maximum strength at the moment of rupture and friability) were also evaluated. The high heating value of the biomass without and with paraffin were 4446 kcal.kg -1 and 7.144,96 kcal.kg -1 , respectively. T3 provided better results with a size stabilization after 6 hours, a mechanical resistance of 0.75 MPa and a friability index of 0.96%. All treatments were classified as very poorly friable materials. The briq...
Comparative analysis of briquettes obtained from biomass and charcoal
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
It is well known that there is a need for large amount of energy from alternate fuels due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increased energy demand. This paper analyses the important properties of biomass, charcoal with and without binder as alternate fuels. Also, the effect of solid and hollow briquettes on ash, moisture contents and volatile matter of the briquettes are studied. The briquettes are made from wood waste and charcoal. Starch has been used as binder with charcoal. The calorific value, moisture content, ash content and volatile matter were estimated. The investigation shows that the pure charcoal possesses higher calorific value than that with binder and biomass. However the addition of binder can reduce ash content, moisture content and volatile matter which may lead to the benefits of reduced corrosion effect.
Analysis of Physical Properties of Biomass Briquettes Prepared by Wet Briquetting Method
Biomass material such as rice straw, banana leaves and teak leaves (Tectona grandis) are densified by means of wet briquetting process at lower pressures of 200-1000 kPa using a piston press. Shear strength, durability, impact resistance and calorific values are determined. Optimum densities for each type of briquette for good quality and their corresponding die pressures were determined. Shear strength and durability increases with the applied die pressure while impact resistance is not influenced by increasing die pressure.
2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011, 2011
Biomass is a renewable energy source and environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum products. Major limitation of biomass for successful energy application is its low bulk density, which makes it very difficult and costly to transport and handle. To overcome this limitation, biomass has to be densified. The commonly used technologies for densification of biomass are pelletization and briquetting. Briquetting offers many advantages at it can densify larger particles sizes of biomass at higher moisture contents. Briquetting is influenced by a number of feedstock and process variables such as moisture content, particle size distribution, and some operating variables such as temperature and densification pressure. In the present study, experiments were designed and conducted based on Box-Behnken design to produce briquettes using barley, wheat, canola and barley straws. A laboratory scale hydraulic briquette press was used for the present study. The experimental process variables and their levels used in the present study were pressure levels (7.5, 10, 12.5 MPa), three levels of temperature (90, 110, 130ºC), at three moisture content levels (9, 12, 15% w.b.), and three levels of particle size (19.1, 25.04, 31.75 mm). The quality variables studied includes moisture content, initial density and final briquette density after two weeks of storage, size distribution index and durability. The raw biomass was initially chopped and size reduced using a hammer mill. The ground biomass was conditioned at different moisture contents and was further densified using laboratory hydraulic press. For each treatment combination, ten briquettes were manufactured at a residence time of about 30 s after compression pressure setpoint was achieved. After compression, the initial dimensions and the final dimensions after 2 weeks of storage in controlled environment of all the samples were measured. Durability, 2 dimensional stability, and moisture content tests were conducted after two weeks of storage of the briquettes produced. Initial results indicated that moisture content played a significant role on briquettes durability, stability, and density. Low moisture content of the straws (7-12%) gave more durable briquettes. Briquette density increased with increasing pressure depending on the moisture content value. The axial expansion was more significant than the lateral expansion, which in some cases tended to be nill depending on the material and operating variables. Further data analysis is in progress in order to understand the significance of the process variables based on ANOVA. Regression models were developed to predict the changes in quality of briquettes with respect of the process variables under study.
2015
This paper compares briquettes made of spruce with those made of beech from the perspective of physical, mechanical and energetic features, for the purpose of making the appropriate selection from the market. The main properties being studied are briquettes' density, as a physical feature, resistance to perpendicular compression, as a mechanical feature necessary to determine chips' compression degree and their compression status, and the calorific value as an energetic feature. The research findings show that coniferous tree briquettes are denser and more resistant, but have a lower calorific value. It was also determined that briquettes compression is directly dependent on their density and consequently, briquettes' energy density remains the only property able to collectively characterise the quality of briquettes.