Presence of Hypertension Is Reduced by Mediterranean Diet Adherence in All Individuals with a More Pronounced Effect in the Obese: The Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) (original) (raw)
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BMC public health, 2006
Hypertension leads to many degenerative diseases, the most common being cardiovascular in origin. This study has been designed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension in a random nationwide sample of adult Greek population, while focus was set to the assessment of participants' nutritional habits in relation to their hypertension status. A random-digit dialed telephone survey. Based on a multistage, stratified sampling, 5003 adults (18 - 74 yr) participated (men: 48.8%, women: 51.2%). All participants were interviewed via telephone by trained personnel who used a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits and nutritional assessment. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 13.3% in men and 17.7% in women (P < 0.001). Furthermore, women reported higher values of systolic blood pressure (180 +/- 27 mmHg) than men (169 +/- 24 mmHg). Positive relationships were found ...
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022
Background and aims: Hypertension is among the major risk factors for cardiovascular events in the Iranian population. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the association of adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean (MED) dietary patterns with the distribution of blood pressure and pre-hypertension prevalence. Methods and results: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 1363 non-hypertensive adults. Adherence to the DASH and MED diets was calculated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Hypertension was measured by the standard method. Multiple logistic regression was applied to obtain the odds ratio of pre-hypertension in the tertiles of MED and DASH dietary patterns. Compared to the lowest, participants with the highest adherence to the DASH dietary pattern had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (111.3 AE 11.8 vs. 112.8 AE 12.5; P Z 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (70.7 AE 9.2 vs. 71.8 AE 9.8; 0.042). There was no significant difference in the mean SBP and DBP among the participants across tertiles of MED or diet adherence. Higher scores of the DASH and MED diets were inversely associated with lower SBP after adjustment for all potential confounders (OR Z À0.04, 95% CI Z À0.29, À0.01, P Z 0.039) and (OR Z À0.04, 95% CI Z À0.72, À0.02, P Z 0.044), respectively. Also, DASH and MED dietary patterns was associated with reduced OR of pre-hypertension occurrence by 13% (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.70e0.98; P for trend Z 0.042) and 16% ([OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69 e0.97; P trend Z 0.035), respectively. Conclusion: Adherence to the DASH and MED diets was inversely associated with the odds for pre-hypertension and SBP.
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology, 2019
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Atherosclerosis, 2015
To better understand the metabolic syndrome (MS) spectrum through principal components analysis and further evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet on MS presence. During 2001-2002, 1514 men and 1528 women (>18y) without any clinical evidence of CVD or any other chronic disease, at baseline, living in greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. In 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 participants (15% of the participants were lost to follow-up). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. MS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (revised NCEP ATP III) definition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). Five principal components were derived, explaining 73.8% of the total variation, characterized by the: a) body weight and lipid profile, b) blood pressure, c) lipid profile, d) glucose profile, e) inflammatory factors. All component...
Nutrition, 2006
Objective: We evaluated the prevalence of obesity in relation to adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey that randomly enrolled 1514 men (18 to 87 y old) and 1528 women (18 to 89 y old) with no history of cardiovascular disease. Anthropometric indices were measured and frequency of various foods consumed during a usual week was recorded. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed by a diet score that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this diet. Results: Prevalences of overweight and obesity were 53% and 20% in men and 31% and 15% in women. An inverse relation was observed between diet score, waist-to-hip ratio (r ϭ Ϫ0.31, P Ͻ 0.001), and body mass index (r ϭ Ϫ0.4, P Ͻ 0.001) after adjusting for sex and age. Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (i.e., highest tertile) was associated with a 51% lower odds of being obese (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.56) and a 59% lower odds of having central obesity (odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence 0.35 to 0.47) compared with a non-Mediterranean diet (i.e., lowest tertile) after controlling for age, sex, physical activity status, metabolism, and other variables. Conclusion: We observed an inverse relation between adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence of obesity in a free-eating, population-based sample of men and women, irrespective of various potential confounders.
Nutrients, 2016
Background: Nutritional studies focus on traditional cultural models and lifestyles in different countries. The aim of this study was to examine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, life habits, and risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among people living in different geographical regions in Spain. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in each region. The sampling scheme consisted of a random three-stage stratified sampling program according to geographic region, age, and gender. A total of 1732 subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and exercise. A diet score that assesses the adherence of participants to the Mediterranean diet (range 0-10) was also applied. Results: Southeastern Spain had the lowest score for adherence to the Mediterranean diet because of the low consumption of fish and plant products. A lower adherence score to the Mediterranean diet was strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.018). Conclusions: A low level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet is accompanied by a high prevalence of hypertension and, therefore, a raised cardiovascular risk in the country. The adherence score could help identify individuals at greater cardiovascular risk.
European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 2008
Background The Mediterranean food pattern (MeDiet) has been suggested to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Scarcity of assessment of this effect on large samples of patients at high risk is, however, observed. Our objective was to estimate the association between adherence to MeDiet and the prevalence of risk factors in 3204 asymptomatic high-risk patients. Design Cross-sectional assessment of baseline characteristics of participants in a primary prevention trial. Methods Participants were assessed by their usual primary-care physicians to ascertain the prevalence of diet-related cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or obesity) using standard diagnostic criteria. A dietitian interviewed each participant to obtain a 14-point score measuring the degree of adherence to MeDiet. Results Adherence to MeDiet was inversely associated with individual risk factors and, above all, with the clustering of them. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio to present simultaneously the four risk factors for those above the median value of the MeDiet score was 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.85). The multivariate odds ratios for successive categories of adherence to MeDiet were 1 (ref.), 1.03, 0.85, 0.70 and 0.54 (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion Following a MeDiet was inversely associated with the clustering of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia among high-risk patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 15:589-593
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2005
Hypertension has long been recognized as a major risk factor for several common cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization reports that the number of people with hypertension worldwide is estimated at 600 million, while 3 million will die annually as a result of hypertension. There is evidence to support that several factors related to lifestyle habits may influence blood pressure levels. Among these, the beneficial effect of diet on human health, as well as on the control of hypertension, has been underlined in several studies. Moreover, adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality and, especially, coronary heart disease. The effect of this traditional diet on blood pressure levels has not been well understood and appreciated. This review summarizes the current understanding of the dietary influences on blood pressure control and the findings of observational and clinical studies that have evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on the prevalence of chronic essential hypertension. (J Clin Hypertens. 2005;7:165-170)
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2007
Background We aimed to investigate if overweight and obese adults "close" to Mediterranean diet present better insulin, lipids profile and better pressure levels, compared to individuals close to a more Westernized diet. Methods The ATTICA study is a population-based cohort that has randomly enrolled 3042 adult men and women, stratified by age – gender, from the greater area of Athens, during 2001–2002. Of them, in this work were have studied 1762 participants with excess body weight, meaning overweight (BMI: 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2). 1064 were men and 698 women (20–89 years old). Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed through a diet-score that was based on a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured and also fasting glucose, insulin and blood lipids. Insulin sensitivity was also assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) approach (glucose × insulin/22.5). Results Individuals with excess bodyweight in the highest t...
Mediterranean lifestyle and cardiovascular disease prevention
Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2017
Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is a well-established protective factor against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, diet quality is only one aspect of the overall healthy lifestyle adopted by Mediterranean populations. The latter has never been evaluated as a multi-factorial composite lifestyle. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide a broader picture of the Mediterranean lifestyle and its effects on CVD risk, among elderly individuals. During 2005-2015, 2,749 older (aged 65-100 years) from 21 Mediterranean islands (MEDIS) and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece were voluntarily enrolled onto the study. Dietary habits, physical activity status, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters (sleep, smoking habits, social life and educational status) and clinical profile aspects were derived through standard procedures. The overall prevalence of the traditional CVD risk factors were 62.3% for hypertension, 22.3% for diabetes mellitus (ty...