Glycemic control and awareness of foot care in diabetic foot syndrome (original) (raw)
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Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2018
Background: Diabetes mellitus with comorbid complications constitute a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of comorbid complications with glycosylated hemoglobin levels and diabetes duration. Also assessed were patients' diabetic foot-care knowledge and practices. Patients and methods: This was a quasiexperimental study. A total of 360 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were interviewed at a government health care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Diabetic complications and HbA 1c-level data were collected from hospital records. A standard questionnaire was used to assess their diabetic foot-care knowledge and practice. Results: Of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 32.5% had highly uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) levels (≥8.6%) and 62.8% had had diabetes >10 years. The patients had comorbid complications, such as hypertension (61.4%), dyslipidemia (58.6%), retinopathy (23.3%), heart disease (14.4%), and severe foot complications (3.9%). The majority of highly uncontrolled HbA 1c-level patients had retinopathy (OR 8.90, P=0.0001), foot complications (OR 8.09, P=0.0001), dyslipidemia (OR 2.81, P=0.010), and hypertension (OR 2.0, P=0.028) compared to the controlled HbA 1c-level (<7%) group. Patients with diabetes >10 years also had higher prevalence of foot complications (OR 2.92, P=0.0001), retinopathy (OR 2.17, P=0.011), and hypertension (OR 1.67, P=0.033). From patient responses, physicians examined only 34.2% of patient feet and 36.7% of patients received physicians advice for foot care. About 70% of patients had knowledge of diabetic foot care; however, only 41.7% of patients always examined their feet, 41.4% washed feet with warm water, 31.4% carefully dried between the toes, and 33.1% were using foot-moisturizing substances. Conclusion: The prevalence of comorbid complications was higher in the Saudi population compared to other international studies. Also, foot-care practice was not satisfactory. Therefore, there is need of improvement and increased awareness among physicians and patients to check regularly for proper care of the diabetic foot to avoid diabetic foot-related complications.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING FOOT CARE AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes is a chronic illness associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Much of the care plan for this disease is interwoven with the daily life behaviors, thus diabetic individuals are responsible for control and management of disease. Objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge and practice regarding foot care and prevalence of foot problems among patient with type 2 Diabetic Mellitus. Methodology: 120 patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged between 20-60 years of age were included in the study. Structured interview schedules and inflows 60-second Diabetic foot screen checklist were used for data collection. Results and Discussion:9% of people are recommended for foot screening every 6 months. 77% of patients had inadequate knowledge regarding diabetic foot care. 22% of patients had inadequate knowledge regarding diabetic foot care. Mean knowledge score was 30.075 & standard deviation 5.461. Mean practice score was 10.775 and standard deviation was 3.265. Assessment of practice shows 64% of patients had poor diabetic foot care practice. There is a low correlation between knowledge and practice. There was a statistically significant association found between knowledge and practice with the selected demographic variables of patient with type 2 Diabetic Mellitus. Conclusion: The study suggests that patients with type2 diabetes mellitus need to be educated about foot care and regular checkups must be emphasized.
The Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
Introduction: The prevalence of diabetic foot in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients has increased enormously. Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is one of the debilitating complications caused by DM and is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation. The majority of diabetic patients are not properly educated about foot disease and foot care. In this study, we tried to assess the awareness about foot-related problems among patients with DM visiting tertiary healthcare centers. We also assessed the practice of foot care among patients with diabetes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with DM attending tertiary healthcare centers after Ethical committee approval. The study was conducted in outpatient departments of endocrinology at tertiary care hospitals, in Bengaluru, using a predefined questionnaire. The results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: One hundred and twenty-three patients with DM were recruited and given the questionnaire. The mean age of patients was 52.57 ± 12.45 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 11.7 ± 8.63 years. There were 40 male patients (32.5%) and 83 female patients (67.5%). Ninety people were from the urban (73.17%) and the remaining 33 people were from the rural area (26.83%). Out of 123, only 102 patients (82.5%) were aware that diabetes causes foot problems. Though most of them (72.5%) knew that uncontrolled diabetes can cause wound/ ulcer, and 33% were aware that uncontrolled diabetes can lead to gangrene. Only 15% of patients were aware that DFD can lead to lower limb amputation. Forty-six patients (37.5%) were aware that smoking increases the incidence of DFD and 58 (47.5%) know that previous foot disease can increase the risk of foot problems in the future. Forty-three patients (35%) were aware that the presence of foot problems increases the risk of heart disease in diabetic patients. Eighty-six subjects (70%) were aware that there is specially customized footwear available for diabetic patients. One hundred and ten subjects (89.4%) were aware that good glycemic control from the beginning helps prevent diabetes-related foot problems. Only 49 subjects (39.8%) were taking care of their feet, of which only 18 patients examined and took care of the feet daily. About 120 people in the study used footwear outdoor (97.5%) and only 23 people (18.6%) used footwear both outside and inside the house. Three people in the study did not use footwear even outside the house. Conclusion: It is vital to educate the patients about foot disease and foot care as a part of diabetes management. By improving awareness, we can decrease the occurrences of foot disease, improve the quality of life, and promote the overall health of a diabetic individual.
International Journal of Nursing Information, 2022
The most common complication in people with diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot problems. Efforts to prevent diabetic foot problems can be prevented with proper foot care. Checking the foot every day, whether there are wounds or bleeding, cleaning the foot every day, cutting nails, using comfortable shoes or slippers, and immediately contacting a doctor if the foot is injured. The purpose of this study identified the relationship between knowledge about diabetic foot care and the ability to care for the feet in people with diabetes mellitus. This study used a type of correlation research with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were people with diabetes mellitus, who totaled 26 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires that are distributed to respondents. Univariate data analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square. The result shows a relationship between knowledge about diabetic foot care and the ability to care for feet in people with diabetes mellitus. This research contributes to providing knowledge to people with diabetes mellitus. This knowledge contributes to motivating foot care activities to prevent diabetic foot injuries.
Nepal journal of epidemiology, 2020
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) causes micro and macro vascular complications. One of the complications of DM is diabetic foot that results in amputations and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and practice about foot care and associated factors among admitted patients in a teaching hospital of coastal Karnataka, India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college hospital after obtaining institutional ethics approval from 24th December 2016 to 21st January 2017. Adults with diabetes (N=317) admitted in the hospital were interviewed with a validated structured questionnaire for awareness and practice regarding foot care. The scores obtained were further graded into good and poor. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics. Bivariate logistic and linear regressions were used to determine the association between variables and awareness/ practice scores. Results: Mean age of the participants was 56.98 (±10.54) years with males constituting the majority (63.4%). Good awareness and practice scores were observed among 69.1% and 41.6% participants, respectively. Good awareness scores were associated with male patients (p=0.027), currently not married (p=0.044), below poverty line socioeconomic status (p=0.014) and presence of foot ulcer (p=0.021). Good practice scores was associated with secondary schooling (p=0.003) and receiving insulin (p=0.045). Moderate correlation with coefficient 0.493 (p<0.001) was observed between awareness and practice scores. Conclusion: Seven and four out of 10 study participants had good awareness and practice scores about foot care, respectively. A tailor-made health education module addressing the lacunae identified in the awareness and practice domains needs to be provided to the patients with diabetes mellitus.
Educating patients of diabetes mellitus for diabetic foot care
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020
Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic. Among the spectrum of diabetic complications, diabetic foot is a leading cause of morbidity and hence awareness and education regarding primary healthcare inclusive of self-care pertaining to diabetic foot care is of paramount importance. Aim: The aim of the study was to educate patients of DM regarding the disease and its associated complications, specifically pertaining to diabetic foot care. Methodology: The study was carried out in three phases, first was to assess the diabetic patients related to their awareness on disease complications and diabetic foot care, through pretest questionnaire, the second phase was to sensitize patients and educate them on the same, the third phase was to re assess the knowledge gained by the patients through posttest assessment. Results: The study evaluated the absolute and relative learning gain regarding the awareness and knowledge of foot care among diabetic individuals. The absolute learning gain was 40.92% and the relative learning gain was 76.48% and normalized learning gain was 0. 88, the normalized gain was assessed to be high. Conclusion: The study concluded that training and sensitizing individuals with diabetes will definitely help reduce morbidity of diabetic foot and hence the medical and paramedical staff need to spread awareness regards the same.
Level of Awareness About Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that needs continuous monitoring and treatment. In order to avoid diabetic foot issues, there has to be more awareness and understanding of the signs of diabetic foot, risk factors, and early screenings. Objective: Aim of the current study was level of awareness about risk factors associated with diabetic foot in Type 2 diabetic patients Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Medicine Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for duration of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Data was collected from all diabetic type 2 patients by using pre-designed questionnaire. A total of 350 subjects were included in the study. Data analysis was performed by employing SPSS version 21. Results: In our study, based on level of awareness about risk factors of diabetic foot, 133 (38%) subjects have poor awareness, 91 (26%) have average awareness whereas 126 (36%) patients have good level of awareness about risk...
Foot self-care in diabetes mellitus: Evaluation of patient awareness
Primary Care Diabetes, 2019
Aims: To assess diabetic patients' knowledge and practices regarding foot care. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 1030 patients between November 2017 and February 2018.The descriptive survey instrument was developed by the investigators. Survey content and format were based on prior surveys and guidelines. The survey sought socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the level of knowledge about diabetic foot care practice.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices for the prevention of diabetic foot
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 2014
The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices for the prevention of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. This study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in two Family Health Units, in the city of Picos - PI, Brazil, with 85 diabetics of both sexes, by means of a semi-structured Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire. There was a predominance of females in the study (62.4%). On the topic of foot care, 49.4% had no knowledge on hygiene or what to observe in their feet. In relation to nail care, 56.5% were unaware of the correct way to cut nails. Regarding attitudes, 80% were willing to engage in self-care. In terms of practice, results showed that activities such as washing, drying, moisturizing and massaging were not executed together. It is therefore necessary to develop educational strategies to create awareness, both for diabetics and health professionals, on the effective prevention of diabetic foot.