Identification of insects order by estimating M-polynomial and topological indices (Zagreb Index, Harmonic Index and Inverse Index (original) (raw)
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A new automatic identification system of insect images at the order level
Knowledge-Based Systems, 2012
A new automatic identification system has been designed to identify insect specimen images at the order level. Several relative features were designed according to the methods of digital image progressing, pattern recognition and the theory of taxonomy. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a support vector machine (SVM) are used as pattern recognition methods for the identification tests. During tests on nine common orders and sub-orders with an artificial neural network, the system performed with good stability and accuracy reached 93%. Results from tests using the support vector machine further improved accuracy. We also did tests on eight-and nine-orders with different features and based on these results we compare the advantages and disadvantages of our system and provide some advice for future research on insect image recognition.
The paper proposed an alternative measure for classification of biological organisms in taxonomy. The alternative measure is based on a normalized Euclidian distance index that is derived from a few orthogonal principal components of the input trait matrix. Using an exploratory, descriptive method of research, data from two (2) species of the biting fly were analyzed. Result revealed that the alternative measure successfully distinguished between the two (2) species of biting fly L. torrens and L. carteri using only the wing dimensions of the flies. The other information such as palp length, palp width, and length of antennal segment were not useful in discriminating between two (2) fly species. The implication is that for taxonomic purposes, only a few traits are sufficient to distinguish between organisms coming from the same genera.
Evaluation of Chemical Preparation on Insect Wing Shape for Geometric Morphometrics
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013
Geometric morphometrics is an approach that has been increasingly applied in studies with insects. A limiting factor of this technique is that some mosquitoes have wings with dark spots or many scales, which jeopardizes the visualization of landmarks for morphometric analysis. Recently, in some studies, chemically treatment (staining) of the wings was used to improve the viewing of landmarks. In this study, we evaluated whether this method causes deformation of the wing veins and tested whether it facilitates the visualization of the most problematic landmarks. In addition, we tested whether mechanical removal of the scales was sufficient for this purpose. The results showed that the physical and chemical treatments are equally effective in improving visualization of the landmarks. The chemical method did not cause deformation of the wing. Thus, some of these treatments should be performed before beginning geometric morphometric analysis to avoid erroneous landmark digitizing.
Proceedings of International …, 2011
Dragonflies (Odonata) are one of the most ancient and instantly recognizable groups of insects. They were originally classified in the Libellula within the Neuroptera. This study was aimed to analyzed the morphological disparity in the wing shape and venation of five different dragonfly species namely: Pantala flavescens, Aerthriamanta brepennis, Libellula incestra, Libellula croceipennis, and Gomphus externus using Thin-Plate Spline (TPS) coupled with CORIANDIS analysis. These were done for triangle, anal loop and outline shape of the left and right forewings and hindwings of the dragonfly samples. Results showed that the locations of the species in the "compromise" space reflect a high similarity between species 2 and 3 (A. brepennis and L. incestra respectively) however, species 1, 4 and 5 (P. flavescens, L. croceipennis and G. externus, respectively) show disparity with each other. Furthermore, there is congruence of anal loops (left forewings and right forewings) characters in species 1 (P. flavescens) and the triangle left forewing and anal loop right forewing in species 4 (L. croceipennis). Stacked bar graphs also shows that species 1 (P. flavescens) departs considerably from other species, although this seems to be largely a function of disparity of character 1 (triangle right forewing) alone. Species 3 and 4 (L. incestra and L. croceipennis respectively ) show close similarity of outline left hind wing (dark red). The high similarity of the character is maybe due to the fact that these two different species belong to the same genus. Species 2 and 3 (A. brepennis and L. croceipennis) also indicate close similarity of outline left hind wing and anal loop right hind wing characters (dark red and yellow-green respectively). Species 5 (G. externus) indicates high level disparity of outline left hind wing (dark red)character from other dragonfly species. Results of this study suggests that Thin-Plate Spline (TPS) and CORIANDIS analysis can be used as a tool for morphological disparity in dragonfly wings using various characters like triangle, anal loop and outline.
In current publication problem of completeness of insects classification on their types of dynamics (Isaev et al., , 2001 is analyzed with the help of cluster analysis methods. For a certain set of empirical trajectories (36 or 35 trajectories for 13 species) special transformation on non-negative integer net with various dimensions (10, 11, and 12) had been provided. Every empirical trajectory was transformed into set of points of non-negative integer net, and cluster process had been provided for these sets. For intersecting and non-intersecting sets two different measures of closeness were used. Analyses of processes of clustering showed that 12 or less number of points cannot give sufficient description of population dynamics type: first six steps only of cluster process can be interpreted in correct manner. Analysis of existing database allowed finding of species with dynamics which is far from all other types of dynamics.
Molecular Characterization of Butterflies and Its Significances in Taxonomy
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016
The present study was aimed to highlight the use and significances of molecular characterization of insect especially butterflies. The order Lepidoptera is largest and important group of class insecta. The insects are larger in terms of numbers of species and many species of these insects are still not satisfactory. The traditional or morphological method of identification of butterflies is usually based on the wing patterns and this method is not considered as effective to fulfil the need of proper and fast identification. Various authors have identified butterfly’s species by their morphology, but it’s possible that some small invisible change in morphological characteristics may remain unnoticed. The molecular techniques provide an important tool that ease the assessment of genetic diversity and facilitate genotyping, classification, inventorying and phylogenetic studies.
Farm management methods have always used pesticides to mitigate the pests and improve the crop yields. This study investigated the population structures of Mango leafhopper, Idioscopus clypealis in mango orchards unsprayed or sprayed with pesticides. The analysis of the populations was based on the wing shapes used by insects to fly. Geometric and morphometric techniques were used to analyze the shapes of the forewings of the pest. The results of the thin plate spline image showed asymmetry in the left and right wings in the two sexes of the insect pest. The relative warp analysis showed that wing shapes of insects in the unsprayed orchard had a mean shape close to the consensus wing shape unlike those populations where there was a routine application of pesticides. The differences in wing shapes of the populations collected from unsprayed and sprayed orchards were argued to be due to the effects of pesticides. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Mark Ronald S. Manseguiao, Cesar G Demayo, describing shapes of the wings of the mango leafhop-per, Idioscopus Clypealis (lethierry) collected from different orchards, Entomol Appl Sci Lett, 2018, 5 (1): 95-102.
Function, homology and terminology in insect wings
Systematic Entomology, 1979
Thehistoryoicurrentsystenlsoi'"vingnonrenclatureissunrmarized. and the underlying principles revierved. TIte hontologies ot'wing lrees rre clitrttled, with particulrr ret'erence to the iuncrions rnd positions of longitLrdinal iines oi bending in the rvings. Distinction is drarvn betrveen flexion-lines, primarii.v aerodynantic in function. rnd tbld-lin"'s. rvhiclt are printaril.z concerned with wing-tbiding. Oi these the clavrl turrorvr ilexion-lineand the lugai ibld-line are, when recognizrble. nerrly constrnt in position. and lre itence valid area boundaries and useful landntarks in vein ideniitlcltion. The vannal fold-line and the median ilexion-line are vlrirble rn positron. rnd heirce unsatistactory area boundaries. The nature and iunctioning oi told-lnd tle-xron-lines in the axiila ol Locusta are described and iilustrated. lnd names rre proposed. Contlicting aspects of commoniy-used systents ot'lvins terminology tre evaiuated: snd illustrated recommenciations rre put torward tor consistent nrming of veins, branches and wing areas.
Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2007
In India, Ae. aegypti has been identified as a common dengue vector species. With the increasing cases of dengue, mosquito control programmes are faced with problems on vector species diversification and proper identification. As the morphology of insects is under genetic and environmental influences, variation in morphometric traits may provide significant information on many aspects of insect biology 7. Studies on variations in wing geometry may cater relevant data on proper identification of species and in describing population diversity. Wings are the excellent structures for studying morphological variations because the intersections of the wing veins provide many well-defined landmarks suitable for morphometrics and that the metric properties of the wing provide precise quantitative information for the identification of insects 8. Landmarks are the points at which biological structures are sampled. These points produce an exact geometric description of the differences in shape of
Applied Soft Computing, 2015
Automatic identification is an efficient technology for the identification of butterfly species and pest control. As the major agriculture and forest pest, butterflies can be accurately classified based on the taxonomic characters. However, such identification can be only achieved by a few insect experts with years of experience. In the study, the shape and texture of butterflies were investigated for the automatic identification of butterfly species in the digital images: Histograms of multi-scale curvature (HoMSC) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix of image blocks (GLCMoIB) were used to describe the shape and texture of butterfly wings, respectively. To get an accurate identification result, a weightbased k-nearest neighbor classifier was designed. In addition, 750 images of 50 butterfly species were used for the identification test. The accuracy rate of this automatic identification method reached 98%. The result suggested that the HoMSC and GLCMoIB features can be efficient for the identification of butterfly species. Keywords Automatic identification • Butterfly species • Histograms of multi-scale curvature • Gray-level co-occurrence matrix of image blocks