Reversible Symptom Aggravation by Intake of Taurine-Rich Foods in Patients with Venous Congestive Myelopathy: Controlled Case Series Study (original) (raw)
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Minimal physiologic effects of taurine and vitamin E supplementation
Background: As prescriptions for off-label pharmaceutical use and autonomous administration of over-the-counter nutraceuticals become mainstream, thorough assessments of these compounds are warranted. Read this original research and sign up to receive Nutrition and Dietary Supplements journal here: https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article\_id=24237
Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction
Clinical and experimental hepatology, 2018
Hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia is a clinical complication associated with liver cirrhosis. The brain is the target organ for ammonia toxicity. Ammonia-induced brain injury is related to oxidative stress, locomotor activity dysfunction, and cognitive deficit, which could lead to permanent brain injury, coma and death if not appropriately managed. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against cirrhosis-associated brain injury. Taurine (TAU) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. Several physiological and pharmacological roles have been attributed to TAU. TAU may act as an antioxidant and is an excellent neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TAU supplementation on cirrhosis-associated locomotor activity disturbances and oxidative stress in the brain. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery, and plasma and brain ammonia level, plasma biochemical parameters, and rats' locomotor function were monitored. Fu...
Serum Taurine and Stroke Risk in Women: A Prospective, Nested Case-Control Study
PloS one, 2016
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a conditionally essential sulfur-containing amino acid, is mainly obtained from diet in humans. Experimental studies have shown that taurine's main biological actions include bile salt conjugation, blood pressure regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. We conducted a prospective case-control study nested in the New York University Women's Health Study, a cohort study involving 14,274 women enrolled since 1985. Taurine was measured in pre-diagnostic serum samples of 241 stroke cases and 479 matched controls. There was no statistically significant association between serum taurine and stroke risk in the overall study population. The adjusted ORs for stroke were 1.0 (reference), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.59-1.28), and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.69-1.54) in increasing tertiles of taurine (64.3-126.6, 126.7-152.9, and 153.0-308.5 nmol/mL, respectively). A significant inverse association between serum taurine and stroke risk was observed among never smo...
Acta Scientific Medical Sciences, 2022
Taurine (Tau), a sulphur containing amino acid, chemically known as 2 aminoethane sulphonic acid, it's a non-proteinogenic β-amino acid, often referred to as semi essential amino acid as new born mammals have very limited ability to synthesize taurine and they have to depend on dietary sources, it is not incorporated into proteins as no aminoacyl tRNA synthetase has yet been identified and is not oxidized in mammalian cells, it attains an important place because of the antioxidant defence network. It has multiple function in the CNS, it serves as an osmoregulator, antioxidant, inhibitory neuromodulator, and regulator of intracellular Ca2flux.First time when it was discovered from ox bile by the German professors Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin they named it GallenAsparagin, later it was known as taurus, in latin Bos taurus means Ox, but it attains its current name (Taurine) in 1838 by von H. Demarcay. Because of presence of sulphonic acid instead of carboxylic acid it is not metabolized and not involved in gluconeogenesis and thus not envolve in direct energy sources. Taurine is produced by liver and kidney including retina, brain, heart and placenta. Taurine plays extensive role against different disorders of the body and in deadly diseases like cancer, liver cirrhosis etc. Human body contains about 0.1% of body weight as taurine. It has a number of physiological and pharmacological actions. In case of spinal cord injury elevated level of taurine has been seen, In methyl prednisolone (MP), treatment in case of SCI, elevation in level of taurine is observed, this elevated level seems to be involved in protection and regeneration of tissues following injury. In this review we try to cover every possible role of taurine which may provide enough information for future research.
Biomolecules, 2019
Background: Taurine has an active role in providing glucose homeostasis and diabetes causes a decline in taurine levels. This paper investigates the relationship between taurine and diabetic complications, patients’ demographic features, and biochemical parameters. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 28 healthy control subjects between the ages of 32 and 82 were included in the study. The mean age of subjects was 55.6 ± 10.3 and mean diabetes duration was 10.2 ± 6.0 years. The most commonly accompanying comorbidity was hypertension (HT) (64.5%, n = 38), and the most frequent diabetic complication was neuropathy (50.8%, n = 30). Plasma taurine concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Results: Plasma taurine concentrations were significantly lower in diabetic patients (0.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L) than controls (0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and in hypertensive (0. 6 ± 0.1 mmol/L) patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.027 respectively). Conclusion: Pl...
Brain Research, 2001
The amino acid taurine serves many functions in the nervous system serving as inhibitory neurotransmitter / neuromodulator, neurotrophin, antioxidant, and osmolyte. Taurine levels are increased following brain injury and glucocorticoid administration. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine spinal taurine concentrations following spinal cord injury (SCI) and methylprednisolone (MP) treatment of SCI. A total of 44 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and lesion groups. Control rats received a T6 vertebral laminectomy while lesioned rats received a laminectomy followed by complete spinal transection. Half of the animals in each group received MP intravenously following sham-operation or SCI. Rats survived for 7 or 30 days and concentrations of taurine in spinal gray and white matter, in spinal segments both near and distant from the injury epicenter, were resolved by HPLC analysis. Taurine levels were increased 7 and 30 days following transection in spinal segments immediately adjacent to the lesion and were further elevated by MP treatment. No increases were seen in far rostral / caudal segments, and MP treatment alone had no effect on spinal taurine levels. These findings demonstrate that spinal injury results in increased taurine concentrations in spinal segments undergoing the greatest degree of cellular reactivity and tissue reorganization and that MP therapy potentiates these increases. These findings are significant in that they further characterize the effects of acute MP therapy in spinal tissue. Since taurine is thought to be involved in neuroprotection and / or regeneration following injury, the potentiation of taurine levels by MP treatment may relate to its therapeutic properties.
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background: Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as a major, noncommunicable disease with increasing prevalence, is one of the major human challenges. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize current studies about the potential roles of taurine in T2DM, to identify knowledge gaps and to provide recommendations for the way forward. Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic databases to December 2019. All studies investigating the impacts of taurine in T2DM which met the inclusion criteria were eligible. Results: Out of 1381 articles found in the search, 12 were included. Findings of taurine supplementation on glycemic control in T2DM showed improving effect of taurine on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin level, insulin resistance, function of beta cells, and insulin sensitivity. But, the results for Hemoglobin A1c and homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were contradictory. Also, taurine reduced total cholesterol, TG, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, however, the evidence on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was insufficient. Findings didn not support antioxidative role of taurine in T2DM. Conclusion: As a whole, taurine has potential to improve glycemic status and dyslipidemia. However, more clinical trials are needed to explore precise mechanisms underlying taurine on metabolic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers, according to the recommendations for future directions.
Taurine's role in clinical practice
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1990
Dilated cardiomyopathy has been recognised as a significant heart disease and cause of death in pet cats in the United States. The cause of dilated cardiomyopathy which was unknown and the prognosis grave. An association between low plasma taurine concentrations and dilated cardiomyopathy was established. Daily administration of taurine (250-1000 mg) orally increased plasma taurine concentrations and reversed the clinical signs. It was previously thought that cats became taurine deficient when fed commercial dog food or unbalanced home-cooked diets. We found a high association between the type of diet fed, plasma taurine concentrations and the incidence of myocardial failure and feline central retinal regeneration. Many commercial cat foods were found to cause taurine depletion associated with myocardial failure or central retinal degeneration. It is now established that taurine deficiency is a major cause of myocardial failure in cats and that modification of commercial cat food formulations with regard to taurine content has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy in cats in the United States.
… American journal of …, 1995
Plasma and platelet taunine concentrations were assayed in 39 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 34 control subjects matched for age, sex, and both total and protein-derived daily energy intake. Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid in vitro at baseline and after oral taunine supplementation (1.5 g/d) for 90 dwas also studied. Plasma and platelet taunine concentrations (x ± SEM) were lower in diabetic patients (65.6 ± 3.1 p.mol/L, or 0.66 ± 0.07 mol/g protein) than in control subjects (93.3 ± 6.3 p.mol/L, or 0.99 ± 0.16 mol/g protein, P < 0.01). After whereas 10 mmol taunine/L did not modify aggregation in healthy subjects.