Maternal Vitamin D Concentration in Mid-pregnancy and Its Effect on Fetal Thymus Size: A Report from a Tertiary Center in Iran (original) (raw)
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Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may affect fetal thymus development
Ginekologia Polska, 2016
Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy with thymus size in full-term fetuses. Material and methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated mid-pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3) concentrations. The fetal thymus size was measured by ultrasound in the third trimester. Neonatal 25(OH)D 3 levels were evaluated by umbilical cord blood sampling. Correlation of maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels and association between thymus size and both, maternal and neonatal vitamin D concentrations were investigated. Results: Serum 25(OH) D 3 concentrations were within the normal range in 48 (29.8%) mothers and 10 (13.1%) newborns. A strong correlation between mid-pregnancy maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D 3 concentration (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) was found. A significant linear correlation was observed between both, maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D 3 concentrations and thymus perimeter length (r = 0.45, p = 0.04 and r = 0.43, p < 0.01, respectively). Both, maternal and fetal VDDs were associated with decreased thymus perimeter (p = 0.04, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with smaller fetal thymus. Our data suggest that VDD in pregnancy may lead to systemic inflammatory response in the fetus.
Relationship between gestational transient thyrotoxicosis and vitamin D
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2016
Background/aim: Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) is a transient, mild hyperthyroidism that occurs early in pregnancy and is due to human chorionic gonadotropin. There is no clear information about why only some pregnant women develop GTT. Previous papers stated that vitamin D plays a role in thyroid functions. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and GTT. Materials and methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with GTT at the 6th to 10th weeks of gestation were included in the study (GTT group). Thirty-five pregnant women with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels served as a control group. Vitamin D, TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels were followed during entire the pregnancy. Results: TSH levels had been normalized at the 20th week of gestation in all patients with GTT (mean TSH: 0.56 ± 0.2 µIU/mL). Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the GTT group than the controls (11.1 ± 7.7 and 16.5 ± 0.5 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Pregnant women who are diagnosed with GTT should be evaluated for possible vitamin D deficiency.
The effect of non-autoimmune thyrotoxicosis to vitamin D status during pregnancy
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2016
Aim: Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis was chosen to identify the effect of a non-immune thyrotoxicosis to vitamin D status during pregnancy. Material and Methods: Eighty-three pregnant women with gestational thyrotoxicosis and 28 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to the study. All the patients had thyroid ultrasound and were tested for hCG levels, thyroid function tests, TSH-receptor antibody, anti-thyroglobulin antibody, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels. Results: There was no statistical significance for age, gestational age, TRAb positivity, Anti-Tg positivity, ESR and CRP levels between the two groups. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are below the lower limit in both groups but 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of both groups were found within the normal range. Conclusion: Non-autoimmune thyrotoxicosis does not have any effect to the vitamin D status. The ...
International Journal of Endocrinology
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and thyroid function. Methods. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total number of 66 patients during the three trimesters of pregnancy were investigated; 22 pregnant women were studied in each trimester of pregnancy. We evaluated thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb and TGAb), as well as the serum level of 25OHD, to determine the relationship between vitamin D level and autoimmune or non-autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy. Results. Pearson’s correlation in all subjects showed that vitamin D levels did not have a significant relationship with maternal age. Only in the third trimester, there was a significant difference in maternal age based on their vitamin D status. There was no significant difference between the trimesters of pregnancy and vitamin D status ( P > 0.05 ). Also, there we...
Impact of Maternal Severe Vitamin D Deficiency on Fetal Outcome
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2020
Original Research Article Vitamin D is known to play an important role in bone metabolism and immune system regulation. Objective: to evaluate the impact of maternal vitamin D level on Baby hematological & anthropometric measurements. Patients and methods: prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 22 women with their babies who delivered vaginally at AL-Jamhoria hospital labour room with gestational age ˃ 37 week. The verbal consent was taken with Full out the questions Form. Maternal venous blood for biochemical (vitamin D, PTH, s. Ca+, s. Po4, s. Alk. Ph) & baby venous blood for biochemical (vit. D, s.Ca+, s. PO4, s. Alk. Ph) and anthropometric measurements (B. weight, Length, Head circumference) were taken immediately after birth by same person. Results and Conclusion: 22 women with their babies, aged between 19-42 year with mean (31.5± 5.83) where 5 (22.7 %) 0f them received vitamin D injection during pregnancy. Mean maternal vitamin D & parathyroid hormone levels were (3.29± 1.36 & 53.2± 2.2) respectively, the mean maternal calcium, phosphate & Alkaline phosphatase were {(8.5± 0.42), (3.66± 0.46), (77.5± 2.2)} respectively. The mean baby vitamin D level is 3.75± 2.04 where10 (45.5%) of babies had features of vitamin D. The mean baby calcium, phosphate, Alkaline phosphatase were {(9.20± 0.56), (5.20± 0.7), (93.5± 3.20)} respectively. The mean baby birth weight, Length, Head circumference were {(3.35± 0.45), (49.95± 1.17), (34.79± 1.08)} respectively. The significant correlation were exists between Maternal vitamin D & baby vitamin D & between Maternal parathyroid hormone & Baby Alkaline phosphatase.
Maternal–Fetal Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Critical Review
Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2014
Research into the extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D has been expanding in recent years. During pregnancy, maternal vitamin D status may be of concern because of the key role of this vitamin in fetal skeletal development and due to the association between hypovitaminosis D and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript was to review the maternal-fetal impact of gestational vitamin D deficiency and the benefits of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase employing the following keywords: vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and hypovitaminosis D. All relevant articles in English language published since 1980 were analysed by the two authors. Neonatal complications derived from vitamin D deficiency include low birth weight, growth restriction, and respiratory tract infection. In the mother, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with altered glucose homeostasis and increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and bacterial vaginosis. However, the current state of the evidence is controversial for some other endpoints and the actual benefit of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy remains unclear. Additional longitudinal studies may clarify the actual impact of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, and randomised trials are required to define the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes in the mother and infant.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2020
Background: Deficiency of Vitamin D is a prominent health problem globally and its severity is significant in countries like India regardless of age, gender, race and geographical distribution. It is presently the most untreated nutritional deficiency worldwide. Vitamin D during pregnancy has an increasingly recognized range of functions such as immune modulation, lung development etc. Hence, having the potential to influence many factors in the developing fetus. Effects of vitamin D deficiency on fetal health is abundant; some being for brief period of time and others may become apparent in later life. Objectives of this study the pattern of vitamin D deficiency in newborns with reference to its gestational age and birth weight.Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Total 100 neonates born at MMIMSR, Ambala were enrolled out of which 50 were term and 50 preterm.Results: Out of 100 newborns delivered, 53 newborns were vitamin D deficient. Premature ...
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background: We investigated the associations between vitamin D status in early and late pregnancy with neonatal small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery. Furthermore, associations between vitamin D status and pregnancy loss were studied. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was sampled in gestational week ≤ 16 (trimester 1 (T1), N = 2046) and > 31 (trimester 3 (T3), N = 1816) and analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pregnant women were recruited at antenatal clinics in southwest Sweden at latitude 57-58°N. Gestational and neonatal data were retrieved from medical records. Multiple gestations and terminated pregnancies were excluded from the analyses. SGA was defined as weight and/or length at birth < 2 SD of the population mean and LBW as < 2500 g. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery < 37 + 0 gestational weeks and pregnancy loss as spontaneous abortion or intrauterine fetal death. Associations between neonatal outcomes and 25OHD at T1, T3 and change in 25OHD (T3-T1) were studied using logistic regression. Results: T1 25OHD was negatively associated with pregnancy loss and 1 nmol/L increase in 25OHD was associated with 1% lower odds of pregnancy loss (OR 0.99, p = 0.046). T3 25OHD ≥ 100 nmol/L (equal to 40 ng/ml) was associated with lower odds of SGA (OR 0.3, p = 0.031) and LBW (OR 0.2, p = 0.046), compared to vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 30 nmol/L, or 12 ng/ml). Women with a ≥ 30 nmol/L increment in 25OHD from T1 to T3 had the lowest odds of SGA, LBW and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was associated with higher odds of SGA and LBW. Lower 25OHD in early pregnancy was only associated with pregnancy loss. Vitamin D status trajectory from early to late pregnancy was inversely associated with SGA, LBW and preterm delivery with the lowest odds among women with the highest increment in 25OHD. Thus, both higher vitamin D status in late pregnancy and gestational vitamin D status trajectory can be suspected to play a role in healthy pregnancy.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
Background: From conception the embryo is dependent on the mother for all nutritional requirements until birth. Vitamin D deficiencies have adverse effect on pregnancy outcome result in poor growth, prematurity, NTD, even congenital anomalies. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies among pregnant woman attending M.Y. Hospital and assess the correlation with the pregnancy complications.Methods: Total 110 patients were studied for vitamin d levels and associated obstetrical complications and risk factors over a period of six months. 53 pregnant women were found to be deficient with vitamin D.Results: 53 pregnant women out of total of 110 were deficient in vitamin D levels. Maximum patients belonged to group (21-30yr) of age. Vitamin D deficiency was more in housewives (65.3%) and in urban(86.8%). Low birth weight<2.5kg were born 50(45.5%) and 2 IUD. 2 were diagnosed NTD in USG reports. 80% low birth weight babies were born in vitamin D defi...
Correlation of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women in Amman-Jordan
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation, 2017
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate changes of vitamin D and thyroid hormones levels during pregnancy to maintain normal fetus development and growth. Method: Serum hydroxyl vitamin 25(OH)D and thyroid levels were measured in109 pregnant women referred to our laboratory from prenatal clinic during the period of May to October 2015.Blood samples were detected for 25 (OH) vitamins D, TSH, FT4 and FT3 by chemiluminescent (Tosoh A1A, Japan). Results: Pregnant women aged 19-45years (18.2 years age average) were examined. The mean 25(OH) D was 21.7±5.6 ng/ml (range 8.7 to 47.2). The mean levels of Serum Free T3, FT4 and TSH were 1.61 ± 0.21, ng/dl, 0.86 ± 0.23 ng/ dl and 1.56 ± .9 μIU/ml respectively, results for 25(OH) D mean values were 29.5 ng/ml (27.9%), 33.2 ng/ml (49.6%) and 37.3 ng/ml (22.5%) for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency respectively. No correlation was found between vitamin D, TSH, FT4 and FT3 however, there was statistical significant correlation between the vitamin D and TSH (p<0.05), level especially in patients with sufficient vitamin D level. Conclusion: Association between higher vitamin D (>30.0 ng/ml) and lower TSH in pregnant was observed (P<0.005). However, no correlation between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D FT4 and FT3 hormone was observed.