OpenGL 3D crowd evacuation simulation at universiti tun hussein onn malaysia (UTHM) hostel (original) (raw)

Simulation and Modelling the Human Crowd Evacuation

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The operational research (OR) become one of emerging areas and significance and its relevance to be used in the simulation and modelling. To simulating and modelling the crowd evacuation, the most important elements to have in a realistic model is the appropriate simulation technique. To simulate the evacuee's movement in crowd is still in research and challenge because of the emergence and become a complex task and dangerous for the real and actual case. The computational simulation technique is required in order to model the crowd evacuation as one part of OR and become a solution to represent the fire crowd evacuation in the closed space e.g. Building relates to human movement and its states. The theories and concept of computational method allows for creating, analysing and experimentation. The techniques; Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), Social Force Model (SFM) and the hybrid SFM/ABS has been proposed for this research work. SFM is the well-known and popular technique for crowd evacuation while ABS is best-known, intelligent and appropriate to imitate the human movement. This paper provides a review of this research work from an OR perspective and the outcomes of a review of the computational simulation techniques literature are presented, using a proposed conceptual model will be valuable for future researchers, and modellers alike.

Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation for evacuation of people from a building in case of fire

Procedia Computer Science, 2018

The evacuation of people from a building on fire is a task which can prove to be very difficult, in particular because of the influence of human behavior, but also of the type of people or the evacuation place configuration. Thus, it is crucial to think on how to organize the evacuation upstream for a situation of emergency can give rise disorganization, on one hand because of panic which grips evacuees, and on the other end because of the large quantity of evacuees in dangerous conditions. These recent years, several fire evacuation models have been proposed. Unfortunately, most of these models do not clearly define the parameters to be considered for their effective evaluations. These models consider, more generally, the number of survivors as a key parameter of evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to propose an intelligent Agent-Based Model enabling the modelling and simulation of evacuation of people from a building on fire. Our proposed model is based on four parameters that allow her practical evaluation. A case study of simulation is carried out in a building having the general configuration of Kinshasa supermarkets. This model is general enough for it to be implemented in several types of commercial buildings without major changes.

COMPARISON OF CROWD SIMULATION FOR BUILDING EVACUATION AND AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

2007

This paper presents an overview of crowd simulation models, their limitations, and an alternative agentbased approch. First we introduce several methods and then we focus on two widely used and validated simulation tools that use grid-based models. We discus the artifacts that these models introduce regarding the way they treat the space and the implication that this has in the movement of the agents during the simulation. We also describe the limitations that current commercial software tools have in terms of simulating human psychology and physiology. The paper discusses an agent-based alternative approach developed to overcome these limitations. The model allows for the simulation of human movement that can provide results more closely describing behavior of real people during an emergency situation. Flow rates, densities and speeds emerge in our model from the physical interactions between people instead of being predefined.

Agent-based evacuation model of large public buildings under fire conditions

It is an important issue that all occupants should be able to evacuate to safety from large public buildings under fire conditions. In this paper, a system simulation model is presented, in which a physical model and a mathematical model are included. Based on the agent technology, a computer program is developed to simulate and analyze the egress progress in large public buildings through combining rule reasoning with numerical calculation, and some crowd pedestrian flow phenomenon, such as aching, rerouting, etc, could be observed from visual illustration of the scenarios. By coupling with the fire scenario simulated by CFD technology, the computer simulation program may represent the overall and dynamic process of occupants' evacuation under fire expansion, and the mutual relationship between occupants' safety and fire hazard. An indoor stadium which was used as a competition venue for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is studied as a case.

Impact of evacuation design parameter on users' evacuation time using a multi-agent simulation

Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2020

Emergency management is a fundamental issue in building management. Therefore, this study was established to simulate the required times and movement conditions for user evacuation from Campus Infrastructure Building in a 3D environment. Eight simulations are carried out by a multi-agent evacuation simulator, Pathfinder, considering 100% and 70% users capacity with a combination of random, divide, zone 1 and zone 2 access selection. The users evacuated were handled by the A* algorithm in the steering mode of 3D evacuation simulation. The evacuation flow was investigated with the user density heat map and Fruin's Level of Service (LOS). This study found the best path planning obtained from the divide access factor and the impact of the user's capacity is relying on total evacuation time. The critical space is caused by the access width fewer than 1.5 meters for every floor, and by widening some spaces helped to improve the evacuation flow.

Agent-Based Simulation and Analysis of Human Behaviortowards Evacuation Time Reduction

2008

Human factors play a significant part in the time taken to evacuate following an emergency. An agent-based simulation, using the Prometheus methodology (SEEP 1.5), has been developed to study the complex behavior of human (the 'agents') in high-rise buildings evacuations. In the case of hostel evacuations, simulation results show that pre-evacuation phase takes 60.4% of Total Evacuation Time (TET). The movement phase (including queuing time) only takes 39.6% of TET. From sensitivity analysis, it can be shown that a reduction in TET by 41.2% can be achieved by improving the recognition phase. Exit signs have been used as smart agents. Expanded Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) was used to determine the feasible evacuation routes. Both the 'familiarity of environment' wayfinding method, which is the most natural method, and the ACO wayfinding, have been simulated and comparisons made. In scenario 1, where there were no obstacles, both methods achieved the same TET. However, in scenario 2, where an obstacle was present, the TET for the ACO wayfinding method was 21.6% shorter than that for the 'familiarity' wayfinding method.

Modeling and Simulation of Fire Evacuation in Public Buildings

The negative consequence of fire, especially fire in public buildings, brings too much of lost in both human and money. The fire evacuation specialists proposed many evacuate techniques, methods and policies adapting to the given building, groups of people, or situations. However, conducting experiments to test these proposed solutions, in the reality, is nearly impossible. Therefore, simulation of fire and fire evacuation to evaluate these proposals is a reasonable solution. This paper proposes an agent-based model for modeling and simulation of fire evacuation in public buildings. The model is implemented and tested using the GAMA agent-based simulation platform.

Using agent-based simulation of human behavior to reduce evacuation time

Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent …, 2008

Human factors play a significant part in the time taken to evacuate due to an emergency. An agent-based simulation, using the Prometheus methodology (SEEP 1.5), has been developed to study the complex behavior of human (the 'agents') in high-rise building evacuations. In the case of hostel evacuations, simulation results show that pre-evacuation phase takes 60.4% of Total Evacuation Time (TET). The movement phase (including queuing time) only takes 39.6% of TET. From sensitivity analysis, it can be shown that a reduction in TET by 41.2% can be achieved by improving the recognition phase. Emergency exit signs have been used as smart agents. Modified Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) was used to determine the feasibility of the evacuation routes. Both wayfinding methods, the 'familiarity of environment', which is the most natural method, and the ACO method have been simulated and comparisons were made. In scenario 1, where there were no obstacles, both methods achieved the same TET. However, in scenario 2, where an obstacle was present, the TET for the ACO wayfinding method was 21.6% shorter than the one for the 'familiarity' wayfinding method.

Fire Emergency Evacuation from a School Building Using an Evolutionary Virtual Reality Platform

Buildings

In the last few years, modern technologies such as numerical simulations, virtual and augmented reality, and agent-based models represented effective tools to study phenomena, which may not be experimentally reproduced due to costs, inherent hazards, or other constraints (e.g., fire or earthquake emergencies and evacuation from buildings). This paper shows how to integrate a virtual reality platform with numerical simulation tools to reproduce an evolutionary fire emergency scenario. It is computed in real time based on the building information model and a fluid dynamic software. A specific software was also used to simulate in real time the crowd dynamic in the virtual environment during the emergency evacuation process. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, the emergency fire evacuation process for an existing school building is presented. The results show that the proposed virtual reality-based system can be employed for reproducing fire emergency scenario...