Characteristic of Partial Oxidation of Methane and Ni Catalyst Reforming using GlidArc Plasma (original) (raw)
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The influence of recycling non-condensable gases in the fractional catalytic pyrolysis of biomass
Bioresource Technology, 2012
Bio-oi1 is produced by the fast quenc버ng ofhotv，뼈아 야。duced by fast pyrolysis ofbiomass in 뼈 in엠 없mosphere. Nitro양n is used as 때.rrier 뿔s to control the coru:entration of oxy뿔n less 배an 3%. The consumption of nitro，뿔n should be increas벼 with increasing process size, and leading to increasing of fa여lity and opeae뼈g 야sts due to 며πogen 야따ge. The effects of the recycling of non-con야nsable g，앓es on the fast pyrolysis, bio-oi1 yield and q'뻐li힘 and nitrogen con해빼，tion have sy앙뼈atically inves'뱉훌ed to see the possib피tyofth않g π왜l뼈 in fast pyrolysis process of palm. πsi， φle.
디젤엔진 배출가스 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR용 Ammonium Carbonate 중간생성물인 재응고 물질의 분석 연구
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2014
Urea solution as a reductant of SCR has been widely used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engine. But it has lots of problems which are freezing at low temperature due to liquid state, deposition of solid formation in the exhaust, dosing device, and complex package such as mixers for uniform concentration of ammonia. In order to overcome these obstacle, ammonium carbonate which is one of solid ammonium materials to produce ammonia gas directly by sublimation process is considered. Simple reactor with visible widow was designed to predict equilibrium temperature and pressure of ammonium carbonate. To simulate real operation conditions under automobile environment, several cycles of heating and cooling condition were settled, two different re-solidification materials were extracted from the reactor and visible window. Analytical study is performed to characterize these unknown materials by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and EA(Elemental Analyzer). From analytical results, re-solidification materials from heating and cooling cycles are very similar to original material of ammonium carbonate.
Comparing Thermal and Chemical Decomposition of Up-Cycled Ammonium Paratungstate(APT)
Korean Journal of Materials Research, 2015
The possibility of using the chemical precipitation method of up-cycled ammonium paratungstate (APT) was studied and compared with the thermal decomposition method. WO 3 particles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using a 1: 2 weight ratio of APT: Di-water. For thermal decomposition, APT powder was heated for 4h at 600 o C in air atmosphere. The reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), particle size analyzer (PSA), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the upcycled APT allowed for the identification of the sequence of decomposition and reduction reactions that occurred during the heat treatment. TGA data indicated a total weight loss of 10.78 % with the reactions completed in 658 o C. The XRD results showed that APT completely decomposed to WO 3 by thermal decomposition and chemical precipitation. The particle size of the synthesized WO 3 powders by thermal decomposition with 2 h of planetary milling was around 2 µm. During the chemical precipitation process, the particle size of the synthesized WO 3 powders showed a round-shape with ~0.6 µm size.
A Study on Reaction Rate of Solid SCR for NOx Reduction of Exhaust Emissions in Diesel Engine
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2013
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the exhaust emission of the diesel engine vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below-12°C, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200°C. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issues, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.
Resources Recycling, 2017
In order to efficiently recycle waste industrial nickel-cadmium batteries, anodic and cathodic materials were crushed by a cut mill and classified by sieves. We used wet magnetic separation method for eliminating iron components from the crushed powders. In addition, the acid leaching test for the obtained anode and cathode powders was carried out under various conditions by means of the wet process. At the optimum leaching conditions with 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 at 90?, 15 wt H 2 O 2 and L/S=20 for 3 hours, the leaching efficiency of nickel and cadmium was 99%, respectively.
음폐수 이용 혐기성 소화의 내부 pH 조절에 따른 바이오가스 전환율 비교 및 미생물 군집도 분석
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
In this study, the performance and microbial community of anaerobic digestion fed by food waste leachate at low organic loading rate were investigated with and without internal pH control. Experimental results show that similar biogas yield was achieved in both reactors regardless of increase in pH, the concentrations of free ammonia and volatile fatty acids in case of without internal pH controlled one. The results of a methanogenic community analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis revealed that the apparent preponderance of Methanosarcina sp. could be one of reasons for the maintenance of reactor stability.
이온치환 반응을 이용한 니켈-카드뮴 폐이차전지에서 카드뮴의분리에 대한 연구
한국자원리싸이클링학회, 2018
In order to recycle waste nickel-cadmium batteries, cadmium was selectively removed by ion substitution reaction so that cadmium and nickel could be separated efficiently. The electrode powder obtained by crushing the electrode in the waste nickelcadmium battery was leached with sulfuric acid. The cadmium in the nickel-cadmium solution was precipitated with cadmium sulfide by the addition of sodium sulfide. Ion substitution experiments were carried out under various conditions. At the optimum condition with pH = −0.1 and Na 2 S/Cd = 2.3 at room temperature, the residual Cd in the solution was about 100 ppm, and most of it was precipitated with CdS.
Bi 1/2 (Na 0.8 K 0.2 ) 1/2 TiO 3 세라믹스의 유전 및 압전 특성에 대한 Bi(Mg 1/2 Sn 1/2 )O 3 변성 효과
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 2012
The effect of Bi(Mg 1/2 Sn 1/2)O 3 (BMS) modification on the crystal structure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Bi 1/2 (Na 0.8 K 0.2) 1/2 TiO 3 (BNKT) ceramics has been investigated. The BMS-substitution induced a transition from a ferroelectric (FE) tetragonal to a nonpolar pseudocubic phase, leading to degradations in the remnant polarization, coercive field, and piezoelectric coefficient d 33. However, the electric-fieldinduced strain was significantly enhanced by the BMS substitution-induced phase transition and reached a highest value of S max /E max = 633 pm/V under an applied electric field of 6 kV/mm when the BMS content reached 6 mol%. The abnormal enhancement in strain was attributed to the field-induced transition of the pseudocubic symmetry to other asymmetrical structure, which was not clarified in this work.
Single-molecule Alkylation of Isoparaffin Using Peroxide Initiator for Making Synthetic Lubricant
Polymer Korea
Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is a synthetic lubricant that is superior to mineral-based lubricants in terms of physical and chemical characteristics such as low pour point (PP), and high viscosity index (VI). This paper first reports a novel preparation route for a synthetic lubricant via alkylation of isoparaffins using a peroxide initiator without olefin. Alkylation of three kinds of isoparaffins such as i-C 16 , i-C 18 , and i-C 23 as well as alkylation of i-C 18 with 2-pentene using di-tert butyl peroxide initiator were conducted under various conditions to confirm alkylation reaction from isoparaffins themselves i.e; Single-molecule alkylation. Various properties of each alkylates (VI and PP) were investigated as a synthetic lubricant. Single-molecule alkylation made from i-C 16 a,nd i-C 18 showed ultra high VI (>140) and low PP (<-30 o C).