In vitro activity of 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate, and its hydrolysis derivatives on the root-knot nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) (original) (raw)
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VI International Symposium on Brassicas and XVIII Crucifer Genetics Workshop, 2013
Soil-borne diseases is a widespread problem in protected cultivation in Sicily especially after the prohibition of methyl bromide use. Secondary metabolites of some Brassica species are biofumigant able to contrast the main soil-borne agents in view to establish health and environmental friendly farming. In order to assess the effectiveness in nematodes control (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomatoes was carried out, adopting factorial design, a field trial in an representative farm of protected cultivation (Ragusa) using the flour of dry plants of Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa, Raphanus sativus and Brassica macrocarpa. The first three species were previously studied by some Authors as biofumigant, while B. macrocarpa is an endemic Sicilian wild species appearing interesting since recent scientific evidence showed high glucosinolate content in leaves, 90% represented by sinigrin, and the effectiveness of its dry leaves inserted into the soil to control root-knot nematodes in tomato crops, such as Meloidogyne spp. Tritated flour for the sinigrin content was distributed before planting (60 and 90 g m -2 ), the mean dose corresponded to the active molecules contained in the commercial formulate (Nemathorin) applied as 3 g m -2 following the instructions. Disease index detected on the tomato roots at the end of the growing cycle (Lamberti score, 1971), although low in general, resulted in all thesis lower than the control (1.2) and the commercial formulated (0.20), whereas it was between 0 (E. sativa 60 g m -2 and R. sativus 90 g m -2 ) and 0.13 (B. juncea 90 g m -2 ).
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. is responsible for large yield losses in several horticultural crops. Fumigation with chemicals has been efficient in fighting this soil pest, but it clearly shows a negative environmental impact. Thus, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly alternative to control this nematode and meet the requirements imposed by world regulation to ban some chemical fumigants in the world after 2005. The glucosinolatemyrosinase system, typical of the Brassicaceae family, appears to be an important natural alternative for the control of several soilborne pests and pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the biocidal activity of 11 glucosinolates and their degradation products on second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode M. incognita expressed by the nematicidal (LD 50) and immobilization effects, after 24 and 48 h. None of the intact glucosinolates had any biological effect. After myrosinase addition, their hydrolysis products (essentially isothiocyanates) resulted in highly different biocidal activities. Among the hydrolysis products of the tested glucosinolates, 2-phenylethyl, benzyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, and prop-2-enyl isothiocyanate showed the stronger activity, with an LD 50 at concentrations of 11, 15, 21, and 34 µM, respectively. On the basis of the in vitro test results, new genotypes of Brassicaceae had been selected for high content in the roots of the glucosinolates generating the more active isothiocyanates and their agronomic performances verified in view of a full-field application as catch crop plants. With this aim, the qualitative and quantitative glucosinolate contents in the roots of these potentially nematicidal plants are also reported and discussed.
Brassica species are sources of bioactive compounds with several biological properties including biocidal activity against various soil borne pathogens and pests such as parasitic nematodes. Isothiocyanates derived from corresponding glucosinolates are major bioactive compounds responsible for this activity. In this study, glucosinolate content of red and white radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), turnip (Brassica rapa L.) and Arugula (Eruca sativa L.) that were previously assessed for their host suitability level of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne incognita) were determined to understand the relationship between glucosinolate content and host-suitability level of these crops. The highest glucosinolate content was in radish. Turnip revealed lower levels compared to radish. However, the lowest glucosinolate content was determined in arugula and oilseed rape. Together with previous findings demonstrating host-suitability levels, the effect of glucosinolates on biocidal potential of Brassicaceae plants to fight against root-knot nematodes were evaluated.
Nematode suppression with brassicaceous amendments: application based upon glucosinolate profiles
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004
Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and their isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives differ in toxicity to nematodes. Successful management of plant -parasitic nematodes by ITCs requires the incorporation of appropriate amounts of glucosinolate-containing biomass. Plant materials, containing glucosinolate-precursors of the ITCs most toxic to nematodes, were selected and applied to soil based upon ITC lethal concentration (LC) values. This provided a reliable and repeatable basis for application rates for suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans by Brassica hirta and M. javanica by B. juncea. Sufficient biomass of B. hirta to potentially yield 0.03 -0.12 mmol ml 21 of glucotropeolin reduced nematode survival compared to similar amounts of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis). At biomass levels providing . 0.37 mmol ml 21 of glucotropeolin, mortality of M. javanica was 100% with B. hirta. Biomass of B. juncea potentially yielding 2.82 mmol ml 21 of sinigrin reduced M. javanica survival 65% below that obtained by a similar amount of broccoli. Rates of B. juncea to yield lethal levels of allyl ITC to reduce T. semipenetrans survival underestimated the glucosinolate application rates for this amendment. Application of plant biomass to soil .2.9% w/w reduced M. javanica survival regardless of the glucosinolate concentration of the amendment material. Application of brassicaceous amendments to soil initiates complex and dynamic biological and chemical processes. Despite the inherent complexity, we find that brassicaceous amendments can be applied to achieve consistent and repeatable nematode suppression when based upon the chemistry of the incorporated material. q (I.A. Zasada).
Trials on the Use of Brassica macrocarpa for the Control of Tomato Root-Knot Nematodes
Brassica macrocarpa contains a high concentration of glucosinolates, which after hydrolysis produce isothiocyanates with a chemical structure similar to the one of some soil fumigants. The paper reports the results of a series of experiments that suggest the possibility to control soil nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in cherry tomato crop by means of the application of Brassica macrocarpa dry biomass.
2023
The nematicidal effect of certain agrochemicals, nutritional compounds and bio-agents on the population of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting potato was evaluated through two seasons (2018/2019). The overall reduction percentages in both seasons followed the same pattern and were almost parallel. Oxamyl, abamectin-2%, and azadirachtin were the most effective and significant treatments for decreasing the number of J2S nematodes, with reductions of 77.72 and 85.16 %, 72.40% and 78.41 %, and 72.40% and 78.55% in both seasons, respectively. In both subsequent seasons, garlic oil (54.09 and 53.39%), chitosan (47.54 and 48.32%), and abamectin-1.8% (41.08 and 48.32%) had moderate overall reductions. The nutritional agrochemicals had the weakest overall reduction. potassium silicate (28.73 and 27.30%), EDDHA chelated iron (36.80 and 13.42%), and sulfuric acid (7.06 and 17.22%) for both seasons. On the other hand, abamectin 2% and oxamyl treatments gave the greatest potato yield during both seasons. Keywords Potato, Nematodes, pesticides, oxamyl, abamectin, chitosan, silicate, eddha chelated iron, sulfuric acid, azadirachtin, garlic oil. INTRODUCTION Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's leading vegetable crop grown in 79% of the world's countries (Janaki et al., 2017). It is considered to be one of the most important vegetable crops belonging to the Solanaceae family, and it occupies, globally, the fourth position after rice, wheat, and maize in terms of world food production (Abdeldaym et al., 2018 and Abuarab et al., 2019). Potato is the third most consumed crop globally after rice and wheat. It is a short-duration crop, versatile in use, and suitable for growing in a wide range of environments, and its production is increasing rapidly (Nasir and Toth 2022). According to FAO statistics, the world production of potatoes reached 400 million tons, which were harvested from 19.25 million ha, in 2019 (Ali et al., 2021). In Egypt, potato is one of the main crops and the second most important vegetable crop after tomato in economic value (Abdeldaym et al., 2018 and Abdeldaym et al., 2019). Egypt is one of the top 20 producers of potatoes worldwide and the first largest producer and exporter of potatoes in Africa in 2019 (Rabia et al., 2021). Nowadays, potato cultivation is facing several challenges to maintain and improve production, from the point of view of both quality and quantity. Potato plants typically face an
Effect of certain commercial compounds in controlling root-knot nematodes infected potato plants
2015
To examine the effect of certain commercial compounds against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) which infect potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. sponta). Two experiments were carried out under laboratory and field conditions during 2012 and 2013 seasons. Eight nematicides were used as treatments i.e., Mocap, Super control, Dento, Nematex, Vertimyl, Oxamyle, Bionematone, and Bioxy+. The successful treatments were chosen due to their effectiveness on percentage reduction in nematode populations, maximize plant production. The chosen treatments applied in soil naturally infected with nematode in the experimental field in Nubaria, Behira Governorate, North Egypt. Results exhibited significantly reduction in all nematode developmental stages in plant and soil, ex. number of egg masses, galls and nematodes in 250 cm3 soil with all chemical compounds. The consequence of vegetative growth parameters and yield were increased significantly with tested treatments compared with co...
Plant and Soil, 2011
The wild mustard (Brassica juncea L.), an invasive weed of winter crops in Brazil, was evaluated for glucosinolate content of its plant tissues and nematicidal activity of its dry leaf meal (LM), whole seed meal (WSM) and hexane defatted seed meal (DSM) against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants. Sinigrin was the major glucosinolate in LM, WSM and DSM, occurring at concentration of 0.11, 12.2 and 21.9 mg/gdw, respectively. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was the major degradation product and its concentration was highest in DSM followed by WSM and LM. The number of galls, egg masses and eggs on tomato plants was reduced by over 90% by amending soil with 1.6% LM, 0.2% WSM, or 0.05% DSM. Exposure to the volatiles from the amended soils reduced egg eclosion. The soil amendment with LM, WSM and DSM killed the second stage juveniles of M. javanica, M. enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) and Heterodera glycines. The efficacy of the LM, WSM and DSM for nematode suppression was related to the amount of AITC released in soil. Keywords Allelochemicals . Isothiocyanate . Glucosinolate . Brassica juncea . Mustard meal . Rootknot nematode . Sinapis arvensis Czern. (Jham et al. 2009). Most plant species of Brassicaceae family contain glucosinolates (GLNs), Plant Soil (2011) 341:155-164
BACKGROUND: The viability of potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations (Globodera pallida) was evaluated in three field experiments using Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa amendments. These species were summer cultivated and autumn incorporated in experiment 1; in experiment 2, overwintered brassicaceous cover crops were spring incorporated. Experiment 3 involved determination of effects of metconazole application on biomass/glucosinolate production by B. juncea and R. sativus and on PCN pre-and post-incorporation. Glucosinolate contents were determined before incorporation. Following cover crop incorporation, field plots were planted with susceptible potatoes to evaluate the biofumigation effects on PCN reproduction. RESULTS: In experiment 1, PCN population post-potato harvest was reduced (P = 0.03) in B. juncea-treated plots, while R. sativus prevented further multiplication, but in experiment 2 there were no significant effects on PCN reproduction. In experiment 3, B. juncea or R. sativus either untreated or treated with metconazole reduced PCN populations. Glucosinolate concentrations varied significantly between different plant regions and cultivation seasons. Metconazole application increased the sinigrin concentration in B. juncea tissues. Glucosinolate concentrations correlated positively with PCN mortality for summer-cultivated brassicaceous plants. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that B. juncea and R. sativus green manures can play an important role in PCN management, particularly if included in an integrated pest management scheme.