Assessment of a colorimetric method for the measurement of low concentrations of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in water (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Peracetic acid (PAA) water solutions is applied for disinfection of industry systems, food products and non-potable water. Commercially available peracetic acid is always supplied mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 degrade slower than the peracetic acid which creates a need to quantify both peroxides separately to gauge the disinfection power of the solution and the residuals. Two combinations of colorimetric reactions are presented that allows simultaneous quantification at the mg·L−1 level used in disinfection liquids and water disinfection. The first dichromic reaction use titanium oxide oxalate (TiO-Ox) which only react with H2O2 followed by addition of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine with iodide (DPD/I−) and the concentrations are read by simultaneously measuring the absorbance at 400 and 515 nm. Limit of quantification (LOQ) and maximal concentration determined was 4.6 µg·L−1 and 2.5 mg·L−1 for PAA and 9.1 µg·L−1 and 5 mg·L−1 for H2O2. The two color reactions didn’t inte...
Chemical aspects of peracetic acid based wastewater disinfection
Water SA, 2014
Peracetic acid (PAA) has been studied for wastewater disinfection applications for some 30 years and has been shown to be an effective disinfectant against many indicator microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. One of the key advantages compared to, e.g., chlorine is the lack of harmful disinfection by-products. In this paper a pilot-scale study of PAAbased disinfection is presented. Indicator microbes (E. coli, total coliforms and coliphage viruses) as well as chemical parameters (pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), and residual PAA and hydrogen peroxide) were studied. The main aim of this investigation was to study how these selected chemical parameters change during PAA treatment. Based on the results, disinfection was efficient at C•t values of 15 to 30 (mg•min)/ℓ which equals to a PAA dose of 1.5 to 2 mg/ℓ and a contact time of 10 to 15 min. In this concentration area changes in pH, COD and BOD were negligible. However, hydrogen peroxide residues may interfere with COD measurements and apparent COD can be higher than the calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). Additionally PAA or hydrogen peroxide residues interfere with the BOD test resulting in BOD values that are too low. Residual PAA and ORP were found to correlate with remaining amounts of bacteria.
Implications of COD analysis use in the peracetic acid-based wastewater treatment
Water Science and Technology, 2021
Peracetic acid (PAA) stands out as a safe and environmental-friendly oxidant and disinfectant which has been effectively used in wastewater treatment. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a very popular analysis in wastewater treatment; however, the interference of residual PAA on the COD measurement is still unknown. In this context, this study investigated the implications of applying the COD analysis in PAA-based treatment. Each 1 mg·L−1 of PAA increased the COD concentration around 13.5 mg O2·L−1. Residual PAA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were efficiently neutralized by sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) at the optimal SMBS/PAA ratio of 10.2:1 in a wide pH range (5 to 9). The effect of PAA addition on the COD concentration was evaluated in different water matrices (potassium hydrogen phthalate and wastewater solutions). The COD results with the SMBS addition at optimal SMBS/PAA ratio were lower than the ones without it. It may happen due to the neutralization of residual H2O2/PAA and the co...
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the physical-chemical characteristics of wastewater on PAA decay, in multi-component solutions of inorganic and organic compounds (11 compounds in total) representative of secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants, disinfected at various PAA concentrations (2-5 mg/L). Batch experiments were defined using the statistical method of the Design of Experiments (DoE) in order to evaluate the effect of each compound and their interaction on PAA decay. Results showed that the organics consumed immediately a considerable amount of PAA, independently from the initial PAA concentration , and consumption dropped rapidly to almost nil after 5 min, whereas PAA consumption due to the inorganics was slow, dependent on the initial PAA concentration and persisted until the end of the experiments (60 min). In detail, inorganics (such as reduced iron and orthophosphate) have shown to be the main drivers of the exponential decay: iron, particularly, has proved to directly consume PAA due to its catalysing capacity, whereas orthophosphate has shown to mainly interact with iron, acting as a chelating compound towards iron and consequently reducing the iron effect in consuming PAA. As for organics, proteins such as, casein and peptone, have been highlighted as the main cause of the initial PAA demand, probably due to the homolytic fission of PAA to generate peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals, which are known to have a high reactivity towards proteins. Finally, a model for predicting the residual PAA concentration was obtained and validated; uncertainty analysis was also performed by a series of Monte Carlo simulations to propagate input uncertainties to the model output.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004
A spectra-kinetic approach was applied for the simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide with multiple linear regression (MLR) method, using the initial rates of their reaction with diphenylamine (DPA). The predictive ability of the MLR method is based on the slight kinetic differences of these analytes occur at two wavelengths when react with DPA as a common ligand. A stopped flow apparatus was used, and the time-resolved UV-vis spectra were measured with a coupled charge device (CCD) spectrophotometer. This novel instrumentation allowed to obtain high quality kinetic data at a maximum of many wavelengths simultaneously. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of these peroxides in residues from a disinfection process in a beer brewery.
Evaluation of the efficiency of peracetic acid in the disinfection of sewage effluents
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2001
Aims: Evaluation of the ef®ciency of peracetic acid in the disinfection of wastewater in a large treatment plant. Methods and Results: Over a period of 18 months 30 sample collections were made, each consisting of three samples taken from: raw incoming sewage, secondary ef¯uent (after 10±12 h) and secondary ef¯uent disinfected with 1á5±2 mg l ±1 of peracetic acid (contact time: 20 min). Total coliforms and Escherichia coli declined from 10 7 MPN 100 ml ±1 in the raw sewage to 10 2 in the disinfected ef¯uent and the enterococci fell from 10 6 MPN 100 ml ±1 to 702 MPN 100 ml ±1 . The reduction of bacteria increased with the rise in temperature and decreased with the rise in BOD 5 . Conclusions: Disinfection with peracetic acid reduced levels of faecal contamination by 97%, thus attaining the limit recommended by current Italian law (Escherichia coli £ 5000 MPN 100 ml ±1 ) for discharge into surface waters. Signi®cance and Impact of the Study: The process of disinfection with peracetic acid is easier to manage than other more common methods and the tests performed con®rm that from the bacteriological point of view good results can be obtained for urban ef¯uents.
Pilot-plant comparative study of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite wastewater disinfection
Water research, 2003
Peracetic acid (PAA) use in wastewater disinfection was assessed by examining its performances in a pilot plant fed by the effluent from a conventional activated-sludge treatment plant. The influence of PAA initial concentrations (0.5-4.0 mg/l) and contact times (8-38 min) on the presence of seven microorganisms (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella sp., and bacteriophages anti-E. coli) and on residual biocide and halogenated organic compound (AOXs) concentrations were evaluated. The data so obtained were compared to the corresponding results acquired using sodium hypochlorite (HYP) in the same experimental conditions. The biocide effect of PAA against total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella sp. was similar to that shown by HYP. The former disinfectant was, however, less efficient than the latter in the reduction of fecal streptococci and bacteriophages anti-E. coli. In both cases the biocide q...
Assessment of Peracetic Acid Disinfected Effluents by Microbiotests
Environmental Science & Technology, 2009
Bioassays were performed by commercially available kits on peracetic acid (PAA) solutions, at different concentrations, and on secondary effluents (from two different wastewater treatment plants) after disinfection at bench-scale, considering both samples containing residual active PAA and the same samples where residual PAA was quenched. Four indicator organisms were used: Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, and Selenastrum capricornutum. The experiments lead to conclude that Thamnocephalus platyurus is a very sensitive organism, probably not adequate to perform a reliable toxicity assessment of effluents for monitoring purposes. The presence of specific organic compounds deriving from human metabolism and urban pollution, even at very low concentrations, can affect the results of bioassays, especially those performed on Vibrio fischeri. PAA is toxic for bacteria and crustaceans even at concentrations lower than the ones commonly used in wastewater disinfection (2-5 mg/ L), while its effect on algae is smaller. The toxic effect on bacteria was expected, as PAA is used for disinfection, but its possible influence on biological processes in the receiving aquaticenvironmentshouldbeconsidered.Toxicityoncrustaceans would confirm the fact that discharging disinfected effluents could raise some environmental problems.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF PERACETIC ACID AS A WATER DISINFECTANT
Peracetic acid (PAA) is currently and successfully being used, for instance to disinfect sewage effluents, to sterilise process vessels and tanks in the food industry, to control microbial growth in process and cooling waters, ion exchange columns, etc.
Peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection of primary, secondary and tertiary treated municipal wastewaters
Water Research, 2005
The efficiency of peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection against enteric bacteria and viruses in municipal wastewaters was studied in pilot-scale. Disinfection pilot-plant was fed with the primary or secondary effluent of Kuopio municipal wastewater treatment plant or tertiary effluent from the pilot-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. Disinfectant doses ranged from 2 to 7 mg/l PAA in the secondary and tertiary effluents, and from 5 to 15 mg/l PAA in the primary effluents. Disinfection contact times were 4-27 min. Disinfection of secondary and tertiary effluents with 2-7 mg/l PAA and 27 min contact time achieved around 3 log reductions of total coliforms (TC) and enterococci (EC). PAA disinfection also significantly improved the hygienic quality of the primary effluents: 10-15 mg/l PAA achieved 3-4 log reductions of TC and EC, 5 mg/l PAA resulting in below 2 log reductions. F-RNA coliphages were more resistant against the PAA disinfection and around 1 log reductions of these enteric viruses were typically achieved in the disinfection treatments of the primary, secondary and tertiary effluents. Most of the microbial reductions occurred during the first 4-18 min of contact time, depending on the PAA dose and microorganism. The PAA disinfection efficiency remained relatively constant in the secondary and tertiary effluents, despite of small changes of wastewater quality (COD, SS, turbidity, 253.7 nm transmittance) or temperature. The disinfection efficiency clearly decreased in the primary effluents with substantially higher microbial, organic matter and suspended solids concentrations. The results demonstrated that PAA could be a good alternative disinfection method for elimination of enteric microbes from different wastewaters. r