Plasma Levels of Triglycerides and IL-6 Are Associated With Weight Regain and Fat Mass Expansion (original) (raw)
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Physiological Research, 2012
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or its functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective was to assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. After an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) subjects with > 8 % weight loss were randomized to 5 ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 6 months: low protein (P)/low glycemic index (GI) (LP/LGI), low P/high GI (LP/HGI), high P/low GI (HP/LGI), high P/high GI (HP/HGI), and a control diet. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue triglycerides was determined by gas chromatography in 195 subjects before the LCD (baseline), after LCD and weight maintenance. Weight change after the maintenance phase was positively correlated with baseline adipose palmitoleic (16:1n-7), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t). Negative correlation was found with baseline oleic acid (18:1n-9). Lower baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and trans 16:1n-7) in adipose tissue triglycerides predict better weight maintenance. Lower oleic acid predicts lower weight decrease. These findings suggest a specific role of monounsaturated fatty acids in weight management and as weight change predictors.
Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerid s after weight loss and weight maintenance
2012
Background: Fatty acid composition of adipose tissu e changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or it functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective: To assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. Design: After an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) sub jects with > 8% weight loss were randomized to 5 ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 6 months: low protein (P)/low glycaemic index (GI) (LP/LGI), low P/high GI (LP/HG I), high P/low GI (HP/LGI), high P/high GI (HP/HGI), and a control diet. Methods: Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue t riglycerides was determined by gas chromatography in 195 subjects before the LCD (base line), after LCD and weight maintenance. Results: Weight change after the maintenance phase w positively correlated with baseline adipose palmitoleic (16:1n-7), myristoleic (14:1n-5 ) and trans-palmitoleic ac...
Cell metabolism, 2016
Although 5%-10% weight loss is routinely recommended for people with obesity, the precise effects of 5% and further weight loss on metabolic health are unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effects of 5.1% ± 0.9% (n = 19), 10.8% ± 1.3% (n = 9), and 16.4% ± 2.1% (n = 9) weight loss and weight maintenance (n = 14) on metabolic outcomes. 5% weight loss improved adipose tissue, liver and muscle insulin sensitivity, and β cell function, without a concomitant change in systemic or subcutaneous adipose tissue markers of inflammation. Additional weight loss further improved β cell function and insulin sensitivity in muscle and caused stepwise changes in adipose tissue mass, intrahepatic triglyceride content, and adipose tissue expression of genes involved in cholesterol flux, lipid synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that moderate 5% weight loss improves metabolic function in multiple organs simultaneou...
Scientific Reports, 2019
The accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m 2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: at baseline (PRE); at the end of the weight loss period (MID: 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE); and at the end of the weight regain period (POST: 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). Following the weight loss period, the diet group experienced a ~73% reduction (~0.69 kg) in visceral fat mass (false discovery rate, FDR < 2.0 × 10 −16), accompanied by anti-atherogenic effects on transcriptomic markers, decreased low-grade inflammation (e.g., as α 1-acid glycoprotein (FDR = 3.08 × 10 −13) and hs-CRP (FDR = 2.44 × 10 −3)), and an increase in functionally important anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein-associated metabolites (FDR < 0.05). This occurred even though these values were already at favorable levels in these participants, who follow a fitness-lifestyle compared to age-and BMImatched females from the general population (n = 58). Following the weight regain period, most of the observed beneficial changes in visceral fat mass, and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles dissipated. Overall, the beneficial anti-atherogenic effects of weight loss can be observed even in previously healthy, normal-weight individuals. Visceral fat accumulation in the abdominal area has been shown to alter metabolite profiles, and is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases 1-3. Specifically, studies have reported that alterations in serum lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles, as well as levels of certain amino acids and inflammation biomarkers (e.g.,
HORMONES, 2006
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutathione peroxidase and isoprostane in obese women and their association with markers of cardiovascular risk factors before and after weight loss. DESIGN: 36 healthy obese women of reproductive age (group A: age (mean ±SD) 35.4 ± 9.2 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 38.5±7 kg/m 2) and 30 healthy, normal weight women (group B: age mean ±SD 34.9±7.4y., BMI 24±1.1 kg/m 2) were included in the study. Glucose tolerance was normal in all participating women. Il-6, glutathione peroxidase and isoprostane, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), insulin, fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR as well as the lipid profile were evaluated. Body weight, BMI, Waist to Hip ratio (W/H) ratio, Waist Circumference (WC), %free fat mass and the %fat mass were also measured. A hypocaloric diet was prescribed for the obese women and all participants were reexamined after six months. RESULTS: In obese women after weight loss, anthropometric obesity markers (BMI, W/H ratio), %fat, lipid profile, insulin levels and inflamation indices such as IL-6 and CRP, the oxidative stress index isoprostane, as well as glutathione peroxidase were significantly ameliorated. The levels of serum glutathione peroxidase activity were negatively correlated with IL-6 levels and were significantly increased after weight reduction. In obese women there was an association between IL-6 levels and the values of %fat, %free fat mass, insulin and HOMA-IR before and after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss is related to reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation; this beneficial effect could possibly be translated into reduction of cardiovascular risk in obese individuals.
Journal of Nutrition, 2020
Background: α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a dietary supplement for maintaining energy balance, but well-controlled clinical trials in otherwise healthy, overweight adults using LA supplementation are lacking. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate whether LA supplementation decreases elevated plasma triglycerides in overweight or obese adults. Secondary aims examined if LA promotes weight loss and improves oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: Overweight adults [n = 81; 57% women; 21-60 y old; BMI (in kg/m 2) ≥ 25] with elevated plasma triglycerides ≥100 mg/dL were enrolled in a 24-wk, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, assigned to either (R)-α-lipoic acid (R-LA; 600 mg/d) or matching placebo, and advised not to change their diet or physical activity. Linear models were used to evaluate treatment effects from baseline for primary and secondary endpoints. Results: R-LA did not decrease triglyceride concentrations, but individuals on R-LA had a greater reduction in BMI at 24 wk than the placebo group (−0.8; P = 0.04). The effect of R-LA on BMI was correlated to changes in plasma triglycerides (r = +0.50, P = 0.004). Improvement in body weight was greater at 24 wk in R-LA subgroups than in placebo subgroups. Women and obese participants (BMI ≥ 35) showed greater weight loss (−5.0% and −4.8%, respectively; both P < 0.001) and loss of body fat (−9.4% and −8.6%, respectively; both P < 0.005). Antioxidant gene expression in mononuclear cells at 24 wk was greater in the R-LA group (Heme oxygenase 1 [HMOX1] : +22%; P = 0.02) than in placebo. Less urinary F 2-isoprostanes (−25%; P = 0.005), blood leukocytes (−10.1%; P = 0.01), blood thrombocytes (−5.1%; P = 0.03), and ICAM-1 (−7.4%; P = 0.04) at 24 wk were also observed in the R-LA group than in placebo. Conclusions: Long-term LA supplementation results in BMI loss, greater antioxidant enzyme synthesis, and less potential for inflammation in overweight adults. Improved cellular bioenergetics is also evident in some individuals given R-LA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00765310.
Baseline inflammatory markers do not modulate the lipid response to weight loss
Metabolism, 2008
Recent studies have found that baseline inflammatory status affected the response of the lipid profile to diet intervention. The goal of this study was to determine whether baseline inflammatory status, as reflected in C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, affected the lipid and insulin response to a weight loss intervention. A second goal was to determine whether inflammatory markers were related to traditional metabolic risk factors, such as lipids and insulin, in our sample of 190 overweight (body mass index, 27-30 kg/m 2 ) premenopausal women. Body composition, fat distribution, serum lipids, insulin sensitivity (Si), and markers of inflammation were assessed at baseline and after weight loss to body mass index b25 kg/m 2 . All measurements were taken after a 4-week period of weight maintenance. Mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis was used to determine whether the interaction of baseline inflammatory status and time was significant in determining the changes in metabolic risk factors (Si and lipids) with weight loss. Weight loss was associated with significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin, and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Si. Triglycerides were higher (P = .054) and Si lower (P = .057) with increasing C-reactive protein tertile. The interaction of baseline inflammatory status and time was not significant for any outcome variable of interest. These results do not support the hypothesis that baseline inflammatory status affects the lipid and insulin response to a weight loss intervention. However, in these young, healthy women, weight loss had a beneficial impact on both inflammatory status and risk factors for chronic metabolic disease.
2003
OBJECTIVE: Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) consumption has been shown to increase energy expenditure (EE) and lead to greater losses of the adipose tissue in animals and humans. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between body composition and thermogenic responsiveness to MCT treatment. DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial, with diets rich in either MCT or long-chain triglyceride (LCT) (as olive oil) for periods of 4 weeks each. SUBJECTS: A total of 19 healthy overweight men aged (x7s.e.m.) 44.572.5 y with a body mass index of 27.870.5 kg/m 2. MEASUREMENTS: EE and body composition were measured using indirect calorimetry and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, at the baseline and end point of each feeding period. EE was measured for 30 min before consumption of a standard meal and for 5.5 h following the meal. RESULTS: Body weight (BW) decreased (Po0.05) by 1.0370.25 kg with MCT consumption compared to 0.6270.29 kg with LCT consumption. The difference in average EE between MCT and LCT consumptions was related to initial BW, such that men with lower initial BW had a greater rise in EE with MCT consumption relative to LCT on day 28 (r ¼ À0.472, P ¼ 0.04) but not day 2 (r ¼ À0.368, P ¼ 0.12). Similar results were obtained with fat oxidation on day 28 (r ¼ À0.553, P ¼ 0.01). The greater rise in fat oxidation with MCT compared to LCT consumption on day 2 tended to be related to greater loss of BW after MCT vs LCT consumption (r ¼ À0.4075, P ¼ 0.08). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that shunting of dietary fat towards oxidation results in diminished fat storage, as reflected by the loss of BW and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, MCT consumption may stimulate EE and fat oxidation to a lower extent in men of greater BW compared to men of lower BW, indicative of the lower responsiveness to a rapidly oxidized fat by overweight men.