An Economic Analysis of Women Working in Non-Farm Sector in a Selected Area of Kushtia District (original) (raw)
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Ghazala Umer baghal, 2017
This study examine the contribution of women in diverse sectors of the economy and estimates their workload in order to realize their value which they perform as unpaid workers in the rural area. A sample of 260 respondents were purposively selected from Badin and Matiari districts in Pakistan. Finding of the research reveals that females are main contributors in the household economy and participate fully to support the family income. The results showed that about 8.89% male contribute imperceptibly whose financial worth is equivalent to Pkr 10,000-Pkr 50,000 as compared to 71.9% female in the animal husbandry sector. In farming sector, just female contribute imperceptibly whose monetary worth is equivalent to Pkr10,000-Pkr 50,000 every year. In the household chores male participation is almost negligible cutting woods from the trees and arrange water for the family. About 80.5% male respondent involved in unpaid activities whose financial worth is under Pkr 10,000 out of a year when contrasted with 84.1% of females go through 5 to 7 hours to accomplish domestic management task monetary worth is equivalent to Pkr 50,000-Rs.100,000 per annum. Thus female perform more unpaid work as compared to male.
Socio-Economic Conditions of Female Domestic Workers in Punjab: A Case Study of Sangrur District
The study of socio-economic condition of domestic women workers is important to formulate policies regarding human resource development and women empowerment. Punjab is one of the richest states of India as per the gross state domestic product per capita, and is rich in culture and tradition. Informal sector constitutes a pivotal part in Punjab economy. Current study aims at understanding the socio-economic condition of domestic women workers in Punjab. To fulfil the objective a sample of 160 domestic women workers collected from different areas of Sangrur district has been studied. The results have shown that the condition of domestic women workers is vulnerable in Punjab. The wage rate they get is very low compared to their marginal productivity. The reasons for their vulnerable condition are caste difference, unequal gender relations, poor economic background, irregular work, very little or no bargaining power, lack of credit facilities, drug addiction of their male partners, death of husband and lack of assets. Given the vulnerable status of domestic women workers of Punjab at home or at work, an increase in their wage rate is inevitable. But increased wage rate alone will not be enough. Their economic empowerment needs to go along with political empowerment, which could improve their bargaining power both at work and in home.
Contribution of female labour in family income in northern hills of Chhattisgarh
2018
Women spend a substantial part of their time not only in various activities directly related to agriculture but also in the management of livestock, poultry, etc. Women are engaged in sowing, transplanting, and irrigation, hand weeding, harvesting and post-harvest activities. While they perform more than 90% of transplanting and harvesting, they do not participate at all in ploughing, spraying insecticides and other pesticides, using tractors and power tillers, or purchasing inputs. For this study a total of 150 households were randomly selected using snowball sampling technique method. The selected respondents were interviewed personally using pre-tested well-structured interview schedule. The finding showed that an average household of the sample earns Rs 32407.59 per annum from agriculture followed by Rs 11070.71 from NREGA. In vegetable production female labour percentage contribution is highest i.e. 67.77% in family income followed by poultry i.e. 58.34%. Overall, percentage co...
The Role of Women's Labor Force in Household Income in Villages
International Journal of Social Science Research and Review
Since women make up half of the population, they have a significant role in providing family resources, so that women's social responsibility in some matters is more important than men's, in the family environment as a mother, wife and raising children and outside the home play an effective role in manufacturing and service activities, the use of women's labor force in the production of goods is one of the fundamental components of developed countries. But women's activities in some backward societies are unfairly ignored and cannot even be counted in the calculation of national production, this study aims to investigate the contribution and role of women's economic activity in the economy of rural families with the case example of Khost and Farang districts of Baghlan province, it is important to investigate this issue because by recognizing and stabilizing the amount of women's activity, the transformation in the old patriarchal system is important. Making ...
Female Labour Participation in Rural and Urban India: Does Housewives’ Work Count?
Labour force participation in India responds to economic, social, cultural and demographic mechanisms. Employment, unemployment, and unpaid labour were all measured in the 1999/2000 Indian National Sample Survey. Men’s official labour-force participation stood at 85% and women’s at 35%. The overall rate of labour force participation among women had fallen since 1989. Furthermore, measurement issues create doubt about the real rates of change of women’s self-employment. Women’s domestic and farming work can sometimes arguably be classified as self-employment. However many women instead report themselves as housewives. The statistics reveal a U curve of female employment by education levels. A detailed measurement of both domestic work and other unpaid work is provided. Women in the Muslim cultural group do more extra-domestic work (and are more likely to be ‘inactive’) than women in other cultural groups. Economic poverty causes employment to be more likely. We provide a number of reasons which help explain both the work patterns and the housewifisation pattern. These include both subjective factors as well as economic and demographic factors.
2019
In Indian society, women have a multi-dimensional role and play significant role in agriculture. Women contribute about three-fourth of the labour required in the field. The contribution of female labour is towards agricultural production beside their usual domestic work always more than the male labour in all types of land holdings. Based on that, the status of rural women is improving day by day. This paper says that agriculture creates many jobs for women in agriculture sector. Jobs that bring many household resources under women control leads to greater earnings in the family. With the help of agriculture women support financial to their family. Hence, the present paper aims to study the socio-economic status and utilization of development programmes and problems faced by agriculture women labour in Bhuratwala village of Sirsa district in Haryana. Totally Bhuratwala rural area 90 respondents were interviewed to collect the primary data. In the survey it is noted that most of the...
Women's Economic Role: A Case Study of Women Income Generating Activities in Rural Areas of Pakistan
2014
2 Abstract: Pakistani women's are facing more nutritional problem as compare to men. For the betterment to their living standard and household life it need to improve women's income generating activities, so they can better support their house and support themselves and also become independent which will ultimately develop their confidence. Pakistan's current population is about 180 million. Such an alarming growth rate will be damaging for an emergent country like Pakistan to make progress. Women represent more than 50% of population. Women population should actively participate in boosting the country's economy. The ratio of women is increasing day by day, so there is a need to involve them in income generating activities. Key objective of the present study is to search the kind of women income generating activities which women take part in villages and check the level of involvement of women in those income-generating activities. Multistage sampling technique was ...
LIVELIHOOD STATUS OF WOMEN AGRICULTURAL LABOURS IN VILLUPURAM DISTRICT
Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 2018
In India rural women constitute about 80 percent of the women population.There are nearly 50 percent of the total rural population and thus numerically capable of paying a pivotal role in the rural economy.Howeverit’s disappointing to note that a demographic prospective women in general and rural women in particulars displays a picture of educational backwardness, poverty, ill- health and lack of opportunities for political and social economic development. Share of employment in the unorganized sector as held by women could be traced to nine major employment systems. They are agriculture, dairying, animal husbandry, fisheries, social and agro forestry, khadi, village industry, handlooms and sericulture