Changes in the physiological and biochemical state of peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) induced by exposure to green metallic nanoparticles (original) (raw)
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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017
The concentrations of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have increased in the environment due to increasing demand of NPs based products. This is causing a major concern for sustainable agriculture. This review presents the effects of NPs on agricultural crops at biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Numerous studies showed that metal and metal oxide NPs affected the growth, yield and quality of important agricultural crops. The NPs altered mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress and induced genotoxicity in crops. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at low NPs toxicity while decreased at higher NPs toxicity in crops. Due to exposure of crop plants to NPs, the concentration of NPs increased in different plant parts including fruits and grains which could transfer to the food chain and pose a threat to human health. In conclusion, most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. The effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration of NPs exposure along with other factors. Further research orientation is also discussed in this review article.
Impact of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant: A Critical Review
Frontiers in chemistry, 2017
An increasing need of nanotechnology in various industries may cause a huge environment dispersion of nanoparticles in coming years. A concern about nanoparticles interaction with flora and fauna is raised due to a growing load of it in the environment. In recent years, several investigators have shown impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and their accumulation in food source. This review examines the research performed in the last decade to show how metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are influencing the plant metabolism. We addressed here, the impact of nanoparticle on plant in relation to its size, concentration, and exposure methodology. Based on the available reports, we proposed oxidative burst as a general mechanism through which the toxic effects of nanoparticles are spread in plants. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-nanoparticle research.
Positive and negative effects of nanoparticles on plants and their applications in agriculture
Plant Science Today
Nanotechnology is the promising field with its wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, drug targeting, nano-medicine and other research areas. This review highlights the positive and negative impact of nanoparticles on plants and its wide applications in agricultural sciences. Effect of NPs in terms of seed germination, growth promotion and enhancement of metabolic rate has been evaluated by several scientific researches. However, NPs also exert their negative effects such as suppression of plant growth, inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency etc. Effects of NPs can be either positive or negative it depending upon the plant species and type of nanoparticles used & its concentration. Modern nano-biotechnological tools have a great potential to increase food quality, global food production, plant protection, detection of plant and animal diseases, monitoring of plant growth nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticide, nano-herbicides and nano-fungicides.
Metal Nanoparticles – Their Use and Impact on Plants Growing in Laboratory Conditions
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2019
There is an increasing interest in nanotechnology all around the world. Nanoparticles differ from the classic material from which they are made in that they change their physical and chemical properties below certain sizes. Thanks to these properties, they are used both in scientific research, medicine and industry, and in recent years also in agriculture. Depending on the type of metal and size of the particules, however, their impact on plant development varies. There are different reports concerning the impact of nanoparticles on the growth and development of plants. In this paper, we gather the knowledge acquired up to now on the interactions of specified nanoparticles-of gold, silver, copper and platinum with plants cultivated in laboratory conditions. The existing research does not allow us to determine unequivocally what impact nanometals have on the plants. The properties that make them unique may have both a negative and positive impact on plants. In a great deal of research, the impact of the nanoparticles on the decrease of the plants' growth and formation of sorter shoots and roots was observed. A high concentration of nanoparticles was also decreasing the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates. The contact of plants with nanoparticles was also manifesting itself by an increased oxidative stress, as a result of which in plant tissues, an overproduction of reactive oxygen species damaging lipids of the cell membrane and the DNA was observed. A slower regeneration of plants and their dieback was frequently observed in the case of the addition of nanoparticles to nutrient mediums in the in vitro cultures. By carrying out a series of research with the use of nanoparticles, researchers concluded that their appropriate concentrations may be used in order to improve seed germination, increase growth and plant production as well as their protection and improvement of production of bioactive compounds.
Chemosphere, 2012
Understanding some adverse effects of nanoparticles in edible crop plants is a matter of importance because nanoparticles are often released into soil environments. We investigated the phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the important crop plants, Phaseolus radiatus and Sorghum bicolor. The silver nanoparticles were selected for this study because of their OECD designation as a priority nanomaterial. The toxicity and bioavailability of AgNPs in the crop plant species P. radiatus and S. bicolor were evaluated in both agar and soil media. The seedling growth of test species was adversely affected by exposure to AgNPs. We found evidence of nanoparticle uptake by plants using electron microscopic studies. In the agar tests, P. radiatus and S. bicolor showed a concentration dependent-growth inhibition effect. Measurements of the growth rate of P. radiatus were not affected in the soil studies by impediment within the concentrations tested herein. Bioavailability of nanoparticles was reduced in the soil, and the dissolved silver ion effect also differed in the soil as compared to the agar. The properties of nanoparticles have been shown to change in soil, so this phenomenon has been attributed to the reduced toxicity of AgNPs to plants in soil medium. The application of nanoparticles in soil is a matter of great importance to elucidate the terrestrial toxicity of nanoparticles.
Assay-Dependent Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles to Plants
Environmental Science & Technology, 2009
The effects of five nanomaterials (multiwalled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs], Ag, Cu, ZnO, Si) and their corresponding bulk counterparts on seed germination, root elongation, and biomass of Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) were investigated. The plants were grown in hydroponic solutions amended with nanoparticles or bulk material suspensions at 1000 mg/L. Seed germination was unaffected by any of the treatments, but Cu nanoparticles reduced emerging root length by 77% and 64% relative to unamended controls and seeds exposed to bulk Cu powder, respectively. During a 15-day hydroponic trial, the biomass of plants exposed to MWCNTs and Ag nanoparticles was reduced by 60% and 75%, respectively, as compared to control plants and corresponding bulk carbon and Ag powder solutions. Although bulk Cu powder reduced biomass by 69%, Cu nanoparticle exposure resulted in 90% reduction relative to control plants. Both Ag and Cu ion controls (1-1000 mg/L) and supernatant from centrifuged nanoparticle solutions (1000 mg/ L) indicate that half the observed phytotoxicity is from the elemental nanoparticles themselves. The biomass and transpiration volume of zucchini exposed to Ag nanoparticles or bulk powder at 0-1000 mg/mL for 17 days was measured. Exposure to Ag nanoparticles at 500 and 100 mg/L resulted in 57% and 41% decreases in plant biomass and transpiration, respectively, as compared to controls or to plants exposed to bulk Ag. On average, zucchini shoots exposed to Ag nanoparticles contained 4.7 greater Ag concentration than did the plants from the corresponding bulk solutions. These findings demonstrate that standard phytotoxicity tests such as germination and root elongation may not be sensitive enough or appropriate when evaluating nanoparticle toxicity to terrestrial plant species.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2008
Because of their insolubility in water, nanoparticles have a limitation concerning toxicity experiments. The present study demonstrated a plant agar test for homogeneous exposure of nanoparticles to plant species. The effect of Cu nanoparticles on the growth of a plant seedling was studied, and bioaccumulation of nanoparticles was investigated. All tests were conducted in plant agar media to prevent precipitation of water-insoluble nanoparticles in test units. The plant species were Phaseolus radiatus (mung bean) and Triticum aestivum (wheat). Growth inhibition of a seedling exposed to different concentrations of Cu nanoparticles was examined. Copper nanoparticles were toxic to both plants and also were bioavailable. The 2-d median effective concentrations for P. radiatus and T. aestivum exposed to Cu nanoparticles were 335 (95% confidence level, 251-447) and 570 (450-722) mg/L, respectively. Phaseolus radiatus was more sensitive than T. aestivum to Cu nanoparticles. A cupric ion released from Cu nanoparticles had negligible effects in the concentration ranges of the present study, and the apparent toxicity clearly resulted from Cu nanoparticles. Bioaccumulation increased with increasing concentration of Cu nanoparticles, and agglomeration of particles was observed in the cells using transmission-electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The present study demonstrated that the plant agar test was a good protocol for testing the phytotoxicity of nanoparticles, which are hardly water soluble.
INTERACTIONS OF PLANTS WITH NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES (review)
Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, 2017
Gold and silver nanoparticles are used in a variety of biomedical practice as carriers of drugs, enhancers and/or converters of optical signal, immunomarkers, etc. The review examines a decade publications (2007-2016) pertaining to the various influence of nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) on growth and productivity of higher plants. In fact, possible phytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is being actively studied for over 10 years. The topicality of this field of research is due to the detection of a number of natural and human-caused factors resulting in interactions of plants with nanoparticles (B.P. Colman et al., 2013; N.G. Khlebtsov et al., 2011). A positive or negative impact of nanoparticles on plants is little known, and the information is very contradictory (P. Manchikanti et al., 2010; M. Carrière et al., 2012; C. Remédios et al., 2012; N. Zuverza-Mena et al., 2016). In the study both model (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cultivated plants (soy, canola, beans, rice, radish, tomato, pumpkin, etc.) were involved. The discussed data are indicative of both positive and negative effects of metal nanoparticles on plants, as well as of the chemical nature, size, shape, surface charge, and the dose introduced being the major factors that are responsible for the processes of intracellular nanoparticle penetration. In general terms, it was mentioned that silver nanoparticles were more toxic as compared to gold ones being due to more active silver ion diffusion from the silver nanoparticle surface. Silver ions are known to inhibit effectively biosynthesis of ethylene-a phytohormone controlling processes of plant stress, aging etc., wherein gold ions do not influence ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Considered all, metal ion toxicity exceeds considerably a toxicity of nanoparticles. The mechanism of the nanoparticle phytotoxic action is often connected with accumulation of active oxygen species in plant tissues. The use of cell suspension cultures may be a promising approach to study plant-nanoparticles interaction (E. Planchet et al., 2015). The period during which these studies are conducted is still small for elucidating all aspects with regard to biosafety. Contradictory (often conflicting) information on the impact of nanoparticles, in our opinion, is a result of diverse experimental conditions used. It is noted that while being clearly incomplete and contradictory, the obtained data suggest that a coordinated research program is needed that would detect correlations between particle parameters, experimental design, and the observed biological effects.
Interaction of Nanoparticles with Edible Plants and Their Possible Implications in the Food Chain
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011
The uptake, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and risks of nanomaterials (NMs) for food crops are still not well understood. Very few NMs and plant species have been studied, mainly at the very early growth stages of the plants. Most of the studies, except one with multiwalled carbon nanotubes performed on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and another with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on ryegrass, reported the effect of NMs on seed germination or 15-day-old seedlings. Very few references describe the biotransformation of NMs in food crops, and the possible transmission of the NMs to the next generation of plants exposed to NMs is unknown. The possible biomagnification of NPs in the food chain is also unknown.