Identification and Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts of Eugenia uniflora Leaves. Characterization of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Aqueous Extract on Diabetes Expression in an Experimental Model of Spontaneous Type 1 Diabetes (NOD Mice) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The red Brazilian cherry, Eugenia uniflora, is widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of a methanol extract from leaves of E. uniflora and characterization of the isolated compounds. In addition, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in vitro and in a cell-based (HaCaT cell) model. We also studied the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities in relevant rat models. The molecular mode of action of the antidiabetic activities was also investigated. Materials and methods: UV, MS, and NMR (1 H, 13 C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were used to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effects were determined in vitro and in HaCaT cells. The ani-inflammatory and antidibetic activities were studied in experimental animals. Results: In this work, a new compound, gallic acid 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside], along with 16 known plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were isolated, characterized using UV, MS, and NMR (1 H, 13 C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). Noticeable antioxidant effects were determined in HaCaT cells: The extract reduced the elevated levels of ROS and p38 phosphorylation and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) content induced by UVA. The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities in vivo: It diminished the edema thickness in carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema rat model and lowered the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity. In rats, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive properties were also observed: The extract reduced the number of writhing in acid induced writhing and increased the latency time in hot plate test. Furthermore, adequate antipyretic effects were observed: The extract reduced the elevated rectal temperature in rats after intraperitoneal
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2018
This study showed phytochemical composition and evaluates the anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of crude extract (CE) and fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves. Polyphenols present in crude extract (CE), in aqueous fraction (AqF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) treated fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves were shown by chromatographic analysis in order to conduct a phytochemical characterization. Antibacterial activity was evaluated based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined using the agar dilution method. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the CE and fractions were applied for conducting in vivo models (male Swiss mice, 8-10 weeks old). The peritonitis experimental model was induced by carrageenan following of Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), Total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β and TNF-α levels by spectroscopic UV/VIS analysis. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated based on an abdominal writhing model and hot plate test. The results were stati...
[DOC] Bioactivities Of Extracts From Eugenia Uniflora L Branches
2016
Bioactivities of extracts from Eugenia uniflora L. branches were investigated using in vitro and vivo tests. Dried and powdered from E. uniflora branches were exhaustivel y extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol by static maceration obtaining the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. Phytochemical scr eening and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determin ed. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-di phenyl-1pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power tests . For evaluate the antinociceptive activity, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot plate assays were perfor med, while the anti-inflammatory activity by paw ed ema method. Flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes and sterol s were revealed in the extracts. HE, EAE and EE pre sented expressive levels of total phenolic and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect. Doses of HE, EA E or EE (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhes a nd the phases of paw lickin...
Bioactivities of extracts from Eugenia uniflora L. branches
2016
Bioactivities of extracts from Eugenia uniflora L. branches were investigated using in vitro and vivo tests. Dried and powdered from E. uniflora branches were exhaustively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol by static maceration obtaining the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. Phytochemical screening and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power tests. For evaluate the antinociceptive activity, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot plate assays were performed, while the anti-inflammatory activity by paw edema method. Flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes and sterols were revealed in the extracts. HE, EAE and EE presented expressive levels of total phenolic and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect. Doses of HE, EAE or EE (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhes and the phases of paw licking time. Th...
The ethanol extract of Eugenia singampattiana Bedd (Family: Myrtaceae) leaf was investigated for its antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic and antidiabetic effect in Wistar Albino rats. Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg, i.p). The ethanol extracts of E. singampattiana at a dose of 150 and 300mg/kg of body weight were administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The effect of ethanol extract of E. singampattiana leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, urea serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TR), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (VLDL-C), high density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C) and phospholipid (PL)] serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes [serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], lipoprotein peroxidation (LPO) antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the diabetic rats. The ethanol extract of Eugenia singampattiana leaf elicited significant reductions of blood glucose (P<0.05), lipid parameters except HDL-C, serum enzymes and significantly increased HDL-C and antioxidant enzymes. The extracts also caused significant increase in plasma insulin (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats. From the above results, it is concluded that ethanol extract of Eugenia singampattiana possesses significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Planta Medica, 2013
Diabetes has become a global emergency because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality while the available hypoglycaemic drugs possess various adverse effects and are expensive. This has necessitated a continuous search for cheaper antidiabetic agents of plant origin with fewer or no side effects. The study evaluated the antihyperglycaemic activities of the methanol extract of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) rhizome. Both the partitioned and column fractions were tested on glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats while their in vitro antioxidant effects studied using 1,1diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) as well as the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and appropriate antioxidant standard drugs were used as positive controls. The estimated median lethal dose (LD 50) of the methanol extract was 3,808.0 mg/kg; at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, it gave comparable (p>0.05) antihyperglycaemic activity to glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg. Its ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400 mg/kg gave the highest antihyperglycaemic activities of 49.5 and 53.9%, respectively, the highest antioxidant activities in all the models used. The highest antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant values were observed in the column fractions, C 3 , C 4 and C 7 of the ethylacetate partitioned fraction. The comparable antihyperglycaemic activity to glibenclamide of the methanol extract of S. libericarhizome in this study has justified its ethnomedical claims as antidiabetic agent. The consistently high antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of the extract and its partitioned and column fractions would suggest a direct relationship between the two biological activities investigated.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Aqueous (Hot) Extract of Eugenia uniflora (L.) Leaves
Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology
In recent years, there is an increasing interest in the study of free radicals since free radicals are the reason for various human diseases. Different forms of radicals are generated by human body as a result of certain metabolic pathways. Normally there is a balance in the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for proper physiological conditions. Overproduction of the free radicals causes oxidative damage to the biomolecules like lipids, DNA and proteins. This leads to chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, neuronal disease, cataract, cancer etc. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of aqueous leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora as an antioxidant lead by using various in vitro models like lipid peroxidation (FTC and TBA method, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power scavenging assays using standard procedures. IC 50 values were calculated respectively. In all these studies, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage inhibition of free radicals. These results clearly indicated that leaf extract of Eugenia unflora could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and effective against free radical mediated diseases.
In vitro free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of Eugenia uniflora (L.) leaves
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2016
Medicinal plants form a major source of raw materials for drugs for the prevention and treatment of ailments. Antioxidants play an important role in protecting against damage by reactive oxygen species. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of aqueous leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora as an antioxidant lead by using various in vitro models like superoxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay using standard procedures. IC50 values were calculated respectively. In all these studies, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage inhibition of free radicals. These results clearly indicated that leaf extract of Eugenia uniflora could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and effective against free radical mediated diseases.
The Scientific World Journal, 2013
An increasing number of biological activities presented by medicinal plants has been investigated over the years, and they are used in the search for new substances with lower side effects. Eugenia uniflora L. and Eugenia malaccensis L. (Myrtaceae) have many folk uses in various countries. This current study was designed to quantify the polyphenols and flavonoids contents and evaluate the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of fractions from E. uniflora L. and E. malaccensis L. It was observed that the polyphenol content was higher in ethyl acetate fractions. These fractions have high antioxidant potential. E. malaccensis L. seeds showed the largest DPPH radical scavenger capacity (EC 50 = 22.62). The fractions of E. malaccensis L. leaves showed lower antioxidant capacity. The samples did not alter the profile of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release. The results indicate that species of the family Myrtaceae are rich in compounds with antioxidant capacity, which can help reduce the inflammatory response.
Chromatographic profiles of extractives from leaves of Eugenia uniflora
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
Eugenia uniflora L., Myrtaceae, popularly known as "pitanga", is used in traditional medicine due the properties attributed to its chemical content, these being mainly hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of chemical profile from leaves of E. uniflora. The HPLC analysis was carried out on a C 18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 m) by gradient elution with methanol and water (acidified with trifluoracetic acid); and silica gel Plates 60-F 254 with 10-12 m and 5-6 m particles, respectively for TLC and High HPTLC analysis. The chromatographic data obtained from HPLC, TLC and HPTLC presented bands and peaks related to flavonoids (myricitrin and derivatives) and tannins (gallic and ellagic acids), which were observed from different samples. The chromatographic similarities enabled the building of a typical fingerprint for the herbal material. The similarity analysis of the sample data by Pearson correlation showed R values >0.9 among peaks (HPLC) and bands (HPTLC). In addition, the analytical methodology developed by HPLC enabled the satisfactory quantification of marker substances [ellagic acid = 0.22% and 0.20% (m/m); gallic acid = 0.20% and 0.43%; myricitrin = 0.42 and 1.74% (m/m) in herbal drug and crude extract, respectively]. The procedure was also validated in accordance with the assays required by Brazilian legislation. Thus, the HPTLC and HPLC methods developed in this study provide helpful and simple tools for the quality evaluation both qualitatively and quantitatively of raw materials and extractives from leaves of E. uniflora.