A study on energy (thermal) efficient aquaculture buildings for recirculating tank system / Sabarinah Sh Ahmad, Mohd Salleh Kamaruddin and Elias Salleh (original) (raw)
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Aquacultural Engineering, 1999
This article deals with the elaboration of a methodology for the energy characterisation of an aquacultural plant in closed circuit. A simplified dynamic model representative of the temperature response of the water volume is defined by identification. The input data are the air temperature, the insolation and the injected power. According to experimental readings, the value of parameters results from the minimisation of a quadratic error criterion between the model output and the water temperature measurements. That model enables the user to quantify the losses and to make energy consumption calculations. In the first place, the studies carried out on a pilot pond set up on the grounds of the laboratory allowed the testing of the methodology. Coherent results were first obtained for the open pond and then for the pond equipped with a transparent thermal protection. Then, a closed loop designed for the breeding of turbots was studied. From experimental readings, a model was established and validated by following the same procedure.
SIMULATION MODEL FOR AQUACULTURE POND HEAT BALANCE: I MODEL DEVELOPMENT
The prediction of aquaculture pond temperatures throughout the year is essential to the design and evaluation of potential aquaculture sites. An energy balance was developed for earthen aquaculture ponds to 1) determine the relative importance of energy transfer mechanisms affecting pond temperature; 2) predict pond temperatures, and 3) estimate the energy required to control pond temperatures. A computer program was developed to solve the energy balance using weather and pond temperature data. Initial simulations for aquaculture pond validated the model’s ability to predict pond temperature changes. The dominant energy transfer mechanisms for ponds were solar radiation, pond radiation and longwave sky radiation. Finally, management and design questions about the warm water aquaculture ponds, such as the pond temperature throughout an average weather year, the amount of energy needed to maintain the pond temperature constant and the amount of energy required to warm a pond from 10 to 28°C, were answered by additional simulations.
Energy is an important resource in aquaculture industry and it is required in enormous amount. The increasing of global demand of frozen tilapia leads Indonesia as one of potential exporters. To enhance its productivity, requires good controlled on energy input. Meanwhile the study about energy of Indonesia pond-based intensive tilapia aquaculture system has not been developed. This study aimed to conduct energy audit to determine the energy consumption of pond-based intensive tilapia aquaculture system. Energy audit was conducted in two steps, preliminary audit and detailed audit. Preliminary audit result shows that to produce 1(one) live-weight ton of tilapia consumed 4821.08 MJ which consisted of electricity (4576.74 MJ), labors (180.33 MJ), diesel (49.33MJ), and gasoline (14.68MJ).Feed is the highest indirect energy input with 1.59 ton feed for grow-out and 845.5 kg feed for 1(one) ton fingerling production. Detailed audit result showed that grow-out activity consumed 55.6% from total electrical energy consumption for high requirement of aeration and lighting. Maintaining aerator wheel engine is necessary to avoid over consumption of electricity. Although the energy and feeding inputs are controlled, the pond-based intensive aquaculture system is still using low technology equipments, so many labors are needed for aquaculture activities.
Modeling the thermal performance of an aquaculture pond heating with greenhouse
Building and Environment, 2007
A transient analytical model is presented to study the effectiveness of an even shape greenhouse used for heating the aquaculture pond during extreme winters. The model was solved for the climatic conditions of Delhi (Latitude: 28135 0 N), representing the northern India (comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Himachal Padesh) for the typical day (20th January) of winter. A simple trapezoidal design of aquaculture pond is proposed. Parametric studies involved the effects of length, breadth, depth, inclination of lining of fishpond, depth of water and air change in the greenhouse on the water heating in the fishpond. The performance of fishpond was assessed in terms of temperature gain, mean thermal efficiency and thermal load leveling. The optimum parameters for fishpond were 30 m length, 16 m breadth, 1.25 m depth, 1.0 m water depth, 751 lining inclination, and 8 air changes per hour for maximum temperature gain, maximum thermal efficiency and minimum thermal load leveling. A 20 1C rise in water temperature could be achieved during the day and 11 1C in the month of January. The maximum heat gain and loss are at around 16:00 and 7:00 h of the days, respectively.
Aquatic Science and Fish Resources (ASFR)
Temperature control presents a high cost for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). It is necessary to find a solution that would save energy in RAS. A heat balance for recirculating aquaculture system was developed on python program and a heat predicting model on graphic interface user (GUI) was produced with the given name of RAS designer and operation assistant. The model can predict precisely the heat energy required to be added or removed to maintain the water temperature at optimum water temperature to guarantee fish welfare and productivity. The model was validated by comparing predicted heat energy to actual heat energy. The model can predict the total annual, monthly, daily, hourly and extreme condition heating requirements, solar radiation, and water temperature.The predicted temperature of the water in the tank by the model ranged from 21.96 ºC to 33.26 ºC with an average of 27.92 ºC ± 1.34 ºC. on the other hand the actual temperature of the water in the tank ranged from 22.20ºC to 30.90ºC with an average of 28.41 ºC ± 1.16 ºC. The model gives good and promising results that are relatively realistic.
Energetic Performance Assessment of a Thermo-Solar Greenhouse Fish (Nile Tilapia) Hatchery
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Energetic performance of a thermo-solar greenhouse representing a fish hatchery system was suggested, developed and investigated. The developed system was mainly consisted of a double cover greenhouse coupled with solar collector and heat exchanger for water heating. The main aim was to control the water environment, namely temperature and dissolved oxygen, of a fish (Nile Tilapia) hatchery at the desired levels. The main experimental work was carried out during the period from December 2014 to February 2015. The suggested and investigated system based mainly on solar energy as the source of power. However, an auxiliary heating system, namely an electric heater was used upon request. The experimental system was constructed and investigated at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University (31.07 o N and 30.57 o E) Kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Environmental parameters; namely temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and water quality in terms of dissolved oxygen were monitored. The results indicated an efficient control in water temperature and quality. The average temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration of fish pond water throughout the whole experimental period were 26.8 (SD = 0.15) °C and 7.62 (SD =0.68) ppm respectively. The average value of air temperature rise inside the greenhouse was 8.4 °C. The average value of total daily water energy gained via the heat exchanger system was 18.185 MJ/ day per m 2 of the fish pond water surface area at an average value of 13.433 MJ/ (m 2 .day) of the incident solar radiation on the horizontal plane. As a conclusion the weekly average percentage of energy
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology
Recirculating aquaculture systems have proven very successful in resolving problems relating to water shortages for fish production and increased yield as the stocking density is important. These systems however consumed much energy in running pumps and heating of water since temperatures play a critical role in fish growth. The main objective of this study is to contribute in putting in place a stable automatic temperature-controlled recirculating aquaculture system capable of using water and energy in an efficient manner. The aim is to develop a system that can use 1000 L of water and grow fish to maturity. The system consisted of a 1000 L capacity tank, a mechanical filter, a bio rock filter, a de-nitrification tank with water hyacinth, an aeration system, a 12 V solar pump, a solar water heating system, and computerized automatic controls using the Arduino microprocessor. Everything was powered by 100 Watts solar module connected through a charge controller to a 200 AH Battery. ...
Use of Renewable Energy in Aquaculture: An Energy Audit case-study analysis
Issue 3, 2013
In this paper we propose a framework for energy audit and renewable energy utilization for a Mediterranean fish hatchery station. A concise literature review concerning the use of renewables in aquaculture is provided, followed by a step by step framework for energy audit in aquaculture stations. The developed framework is subsequently applied to a real case study concerning an aquaculture unit in Greece. A combined PV and Solar-Thermal panel project is proposed, based on the energy audit results. The well-known clean energy software RETScreen, developed by Natural Resources of Canada, has been utilized as an assessment tool of the proposed project. It was found that that the proposed project could not fully cover the electric and thermal load of the station; nevertheless, the project is economically viable and could de realized, provided that the necessary financial resources become available to the entrepreneurs.
SIMULATION MODEL FOR AQUACULTURE POND HEAT BALANCE: II MODEL EVALUATION AND APPLICATION
The performance of a model developed by Ali (2006) to simulate aquaculture pond temperature was evaluated using sensitivity analysis and the model verified with data from aquaculture pond. The sensitivity analysis showed that output varied linearly with changes in average air temperature and solar radiation. Results from model verification runs showed that the model performance was satisfactory with respect to aquaculture pond temperature. In the future, the model will be used to investigate the effects of aquaculture pond temperature on daily growth rate to obtain the weight of individual fish throughout the year
Efficient utilization of energy in buildings and ponds
Applied Thermal Engineering, 1998
Thermal strati®cation is often established in heated buildings and ponds. In such cases, the temperature at the bottom is lower than that near the top, resulting in an inconvenient microclimate at the lower region. Thus, it is usually desired to further raise the temperature near the bottom. This can be done in two ways. The ®rst is by providing a surplus of heat without destroying the thermal strati®cation, and the second is by mixing mechanically the medium (while heating) to establish a uniform temperature distribution and hence, to raise the bottom temperature. The objective of this study is to calculate the energy required by each method in an attempt to determine the one which is more economical. A theoretical one-dimensional (1D) model is developed to calculate the energy required by each method and the ratio between them. The model considers enclosures with inclined or vertical side walls. For typical conditions in buildings and ponds, the ratio between the energies of mixing and surplus heating is very small, indicating that mixing is much more economical in raising the temperature of the lower region of the heated enclosure. For the case of inclined side walls, it is shown that the ratio between the energies required for mixing and heating increases with the inclination angle. #