Italian Ph.D. holders and mismatch in education and skills (original) (raw)

Over-education and Ph.D Graduates in Italy during the Great Recession

2018

This paper evaluates the impact of the Great Recession on Ph.D over-education using data drawn from four annual cohorts of Ph.D graduates surveyed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Over-education is examined through the definitions of both overskilling and over-qualification. To assess the effect of the crisis, we adopt several proxies, among which economic resilience. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the nexus over-education-resilience receives attention. The results show that over-skilling is negatively associated with the Great Recession. More generally, working on research-based activities and having study experience abroad are always significant drivers to overcome any kind of job mismatch. Conversely, being self-employed increases the risk of over-education, casting some doubts on the satisfactory additionality of Ph.D employment trajectories beyond academia and research. Finally, in contrast with previous results for graduates, we find ...

The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy

The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2021

This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.

Over-education and Italian Ph.D Graduates during the Great Recession

2018

Great Recession and over-education among high skilled . The case of Italian Ph . D graduates

2016

This paper evaluates the impact of the Great Recession on over-education among Italian Ph.D graduates drawn from the four cohorts 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 surveyed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Originally, regional resilience (Martin, 2012) is adopted, among other proxies, to assess the effect of the crisis. The paper also adds empirical evidence on the main determinants of over-education among the highest skilled workers as the literature has mainly focused on graduated. Over-education is examined through the definitions of over-skilling and over-qualification. The results show that economic crisis dampens the optimal skill job matching in early phd holders’ careers; the evidence is less robust when over-qualification is examined. The impact is attenuated if the Ph.D holder works in more economic resilient areas and hold R&D based activities. Additionally, it emerges that sociodemographic variables do not exert a relevant influence on over-education. Conversely, jo...

Overeducation and overskill in the Italian labour market: the role of fields of study

2016

This paper investigates the role of skill heterogeneity in affecting differences in occupational mismatch across fields of study. By relying on measures of overeducation and overskill collected in the 2014 ISFOL survey, we test to which extent the two phenomena differ across fields of study and the role played by merit and non-cognitive skills. We find that having an excellent graduate curriculum significantly decreases over-education and over-skill, while non-cognitive skills do not matter.

Much Ado About Nothing? The Wage Effect of Holding a Ph.D. Degree But Not a Ph.D. Job Position

This paper contributes to the literature on overeducation by empirically investigating its effects on wages among Ph.D. holders. We analyze data collected in 2009 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) through a large cross-sectional survey of Ph.D. recipients that allowed us observing their work placement few years after the completion of their studies. We extend previous contributions by providing an analysis based on the identification of genuine overeducation as resulting from the interaction of respondents’ assessments that concern the usefulness of their Ph.D. title in order to get and to carry out their current job. The potential endogeneity of self-reported genuine overeducation is corrected by using an instrumental variables approach where the provincial incidence of overeducation among those that share the same educational profile of respondents is used as instrument. Our results suggest that genuine over-education is particularly detrimental for individua...

Determinants and wage effects of overeducation in Italy

SINAPPSI, 2022

This paper aims to study dimentions of educational mismatch and quantify its effects on wages. Using the Inapp-PLUS survey, we measure both overeducation/skilling and undereducation/skilling in Italy, providing five different measures of the educational mismatch: three of subjective type and two of objective type. They are also synthesized in a single indicator, able to give a measure of the degree of severity of overeducation. These measures are provided both for university graduates and for upper secondary school graduates. Results highlight that the condition of overeducation is typical of males, younger workers, people coming from lower-income families, informal channels of recruitment and with a humanistic educational background. Il contributo analizza le dimensioni del disallineamento istruzione-lavoro e stima l'effetto sui salari. Utilizzando l'indagine Inapp-PLUS, misuriamo sia la sovra-educazione che il sotto-inquadramento in Italia, fornendo cinque diverse misure del disallineamento educativo: tre di tipo soggettivo e due di tipo oggettivo. Da questi si ricava un indicatore sintetico che misura l'intensità della sovra-istruzione. Queste misure sono stimate sia per i laureati che per i diplomati della scuola secondaria superiore. I risultati evidenziano che la condizione di sovra-istruzione è tipica degli uomini, dei lavoratori più giovani, delle persone provenienti da famiglie a basso reddito, che hanno usato canali informali di reclutamento e con un percorso scolastico umanistico.

Much Ado about Nothing? The Wage Penalty of Holding a PhD Degree but Not a PhD Job Position

Research in Labor Economics

This paper contributes to the literature on overeducation by empirically investigating the wage penalty of job-education mismatch among Ph.D. holders who completed their studies in Italy; a country where the number of new doctoral recipients has dramatically increased over recent years while personnel employed in R&D activities is still below the European average. We use cross-sectional micro-data collected in 2009 and rely on different definitions of education-job mismatch such as, overeducation, overskilling and dissatisfaction with the use of skills. We find that overeducation and skills dissatisfaction are associated with significantly lower wages but there is no wage penalty from overskilling. Furthermore, those who simultaneously report overeducation and skills dissatisfaction experience a particularly high wage penalty.

CHARACTERISTICS AND PERSPECTIVES OF HIGHLY SKILLED GRADUATES IN THE ITALIAN LABOUR MARKET

The central aim of this paper is to examine the relationships and implications of the education-employment nexus for recent university graduates in Italy by analysing the main elements that influence college graduates' employment probabilities three years after graduation. In addition, it provides a comparison among Italian macro-areas regarding graduates' region of residence in 2010. In this sample, continuous work experience during undergraduate studies, further postgraduate studies, older graduation ages and being married or divorced are characteristics that increase the probability of being employed compared to being unemployed three years after graduation. We used micro-data from a nationwide survey carried out by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2011 on a representative sample of 33,696 graduates belonging to the 2007 cohort. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in graduates' employment among Italian macro-areas. Graduates who were employed in the South in 2010 have shown a strong marked profile that is unfavorable to women and is distinguished by the oldest ages of graduates at the time of graduation and in post-graduation pursuits.

Italian Doctorate Holders and Academic Career. Progression in the Period 1986-2015

Carlo Alberto Notebooks, 2020

This paper describes the Italian Doctoral Holder and Academic Career (IDH-AC) database, which includes unique information on the population of doctoral graduates from Italian universities, in all disciplines, in the period from the first cycle of doctorates (1983-86) to 2006. Doctoral graduates who pursued an academic career in Italy were identified by matching with the list of academics active in Italian universities in the period 1990-2015. These original data allows us to shed light on several issues related to the Italian academic labour market, such as gender, inbreeding, mobility, hiring and promotion patterns. The paper i) describes the record linkage between two datasets and ii) presents an exploratory statistical analysis of academic employment outcomes for the population of researchers who were awarded a doctoral degree from an Italian university over a 20 year period.

Italian Ph.D. holders and mismatch in education and skills (original) (raw)

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