Incidence and outcome of anemia in pregnant women: a study in a tertiary care centre (original) (raw)
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Background: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions among pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant females attending the Family Medicine Department (FMD) at KFAFH and to assess the risk factors contributing to it during pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all pregnant women who visited the FMD at KFAFH on Monday. Results: The prevalence of anemia was observed to be 409 (40%). Maternal anemia was significantly associated with some risk factors, such as the gravidity, gestational age, antenatal care visit, history of abortion, history of bleeding in the current pregnancy, iron and folic acid supplements consumption, and planning of pregnancy were statistically significant between anemic and non-anemic women. However, we noticed that the age group and BMI were not statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: To summarize, there is a significantly high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women who visited FMD in KFAFH, and such associated risk factors were determined.
2022
Background Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as haemoglobin concentration less than 11.0 g/dl. Globally, anaemia affects half a billion women of reproductive age. Anaemia during pregnancy is a public health problem especially in developing countries and is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy Objective To study the prevalence, risk factors and management of anemia with Pregnancy among women attending antenatal care clinic in Wad Madani Teaching Hospital (October 2021 to March 2022). MethodsAprospective descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital ANC clinic during the period from October 2021 to March 2022 and covered all pregnant women in antenatal period. Data collected, prepared, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results This study covered 353 participants (pregnant women). Concerning the anaemia characteristics, the study showed that the prevalence of anaemia was 162 (45.9%), and 11 (6.8%) had severe anaemia, 42 (25.9%) moderate, and 109 (67.3%) mild anaemia. All anaemic patients received a dietary intake correction advice, 79 (48.8%) iron supplementation and only 10 (6.2%) received blood transfusion. The analysis found that the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher among pregnant women with extreme ages (less 20 years and above 40 years), lower education, rural residence, higher parity, third trimester, irregular antenatal care visits, and with positive history of anaemia with p values < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendationOur study concludes that the occurrence of anemia among pregnant women is high and should not be ignored, and the associated factors must be taken into consideration, to improve the prevention and management policies of this serious problem among pregnant women in Sudan.
“Anemia during Pregnancy and Its Prevalence”
Primary Care [Working Title], 2021
Anemia is a serious health issue throughout the world affecting both sexes of any age group. This nutritional disease is more common among the pregnant women of developing countries, where it is a major cause of maternal death and negative outcome of pregnancy. Among all anemic types, IDA is most prevalent one and is comprises of about 95% of all anemic cases around the world. In many developing countries it is more common in women of low socio-economic background and with no record of antenatal checkup. There is need for further health educational programs to overcome anemia especially for pregnant females.
SSRG international journal of medical science, 2019
Background: Anemia is a significant public health problem in developing countries, particularly in pregnant women. It refers to a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal. In developing countries, the cause of anemia during pregnancy is multi-factorial and includes nutritional deficiencies. It is associated with an increased risk of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. In order to design an intervention for prevention of anemia in pregnancy, determination of its magnitude and identifying associated risk factors for anemia are paramount importance. Objectives: To determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia during pregnancy among mothers attending antenatal care at Chiro Referral Hospital antenatal care clinic from September 2017 to January 2019. Methods: Cross sectional study design was used .The study participants were selected using systematic sampling technique from their sequence of antenatal care visit in the period of study, and associated risk factors data were collected using structured questionnaire by trained antenatal care service providers. Level of haemoglobin was determined. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square-the analytical statistics was used to identify predictor variables associated with the dependent variable-anemia. Result: The overall prevalence of anemia in this study population was 57.1%. Two hundred twenty two cases (57.2%) showed mild type of anemia followed by moderate anemia 156 (40.2%) and the remaining 10 (2.6%) were having severe anemia. Iron supplementation [p-value <2.2e-16], trimester[ pvalue 0.002], abortion p-value 0.053], birth interval[ p-value0.008], history of any illness [p-value 9.991e-09], contraception[ p-value 3.654e-07], presence of pica [p-value <2.2e-16], food aversion [p-value <2.2e-16], residence[ p-value 0.04], fruit vegetable consumption[ p-value 4.518e-13] and meat/poultry consumption [p-value 3.068e-08] had statistically significant association with anemia in pregnant women. Parity and bleeding during index pregnancy were not significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia was found to be 57.1%. Iron supplementation during pregnancy and presence of pica were significantly associated with anemia in the study population. Therefore, long term and short term strategies helpful in alleviating these predisposing factors need to be developed so as to reduce the number of mothers affected by anemia.
Risk Factors for the Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Literature Review
Nurse & Health, 2022
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is still a global public health problem and is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality. Some studies report that risk factors for anemia vary from place to place, so more in-person observations are needed regarding anemia risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia in pregnant women. Methods of using literature review studies. Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and the theory which is descriptive. Data Sources: Search for scientific articles using the Mendeley application by entering the keyword "Risk Factors, Anemia, Pregnancy" with Published year 2018-2021, English and Indonesian, full text, National journal has ISSN and open access. Review Methods: The literature review method using narrative review based on inclusion criteria, namely articles discussing anemia in pregnant women, published in 20158-202, International and National Publications, having ISSN National Journals, Articles using English, original articles, full text and open access. While the Exception Criteria for Articles other than English, type of research literature review and RCT, articles are then collected and a journal summary is made containing the name of the researcher, the year the journal was published, the title of the study, the method and a summary of the results or findings. The summary of research journals is entered into a table according to the format, and 10 articles are eligible. Results: From the 10 selected articles, it can be concluded that the risk factors for anemia, especially in developing countries, are multifactorial, including micro-iron deficiency, folate, and vitamins A and B12 as well as anemia due to parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworms or chronic infections such as TB, HIV, parasites. intestines, infection of working mothers (farmers), contaminated drinking water sources, consumption of coffee/tea and diet. Meanwhile, other factors in Indonesia are unfavorable geographical location, level of education, lack of public awareness of health, socioeconomic situation, parity (number of children), and chronic energy shortages (KEK). Conclusion: Anemia is still a global health problem and still has to be addressed, especially in developing countries. Therefore, efforts are needed to better understand the main causes of anemia, including iron deficiency as well as other nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and Hb disorders related to anemia so that appropriate action can be given. Biochemical measurement of micronutrients (especially iron and Vitamin A), inflammatory signs in addition to hematological index when assessing anemia clinically are also urgently needed
Prospective study on prevalence of anemia of pregnant women and its outcome: A community based study
Journal of family medicine and primary care
Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency disorders affecting the pregnant women in the developing countries. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with poor pregnancy outcome and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and to determine its association with maternal and fetal outcomes. This study design was a prospective, observational, community-based study. Four hundred and forty-six pregnant women were included in the study from three primary health centers in Kolar district by multistage sampling technique and were followed up till 1 week after delivery. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22; correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. There was a significant overall improvement in the hemoglobin levels of pregnant during the follow-up (10.3-10.72 gm%). About 35.6% of the women had maternal or...
" Tracking the Severity of Anemia in Pregnancy: A 100 Case Prospective Study "
Low hemoglobin level in pregnancy is a most important health problem with unpleasant maternal and fetal outcome worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Though pregnancy, it is the most exciting period of expectations and fulfillments, but it is a condition of great stress because many anabolic activities takes place and fetal growth is accomplished extensive changes in maternal body composition and metabolism. Hematological findings are the primary and cheapest method for diagnosing the mild, moderate and severe anemia during pregnancy. Objectives: The objective of our study was tracking the severity of anemia in pregnancy: A 100 case prospective study. Material and Methods: This descriptive study ("Tracking the severity of anemia in pregnancy: A 100 case prospective study"), was carried out on 100 pregnant women, , at ANC at NIMS&R Hospital, Shobha Nagar, NIMS University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) after obtaining human ethical approval. CBC (cell counter) was done and degree of anemia was measured as mild (10.0-10.9 gm/dl), moderate (7.0 to 9.9 gm/dl) and severe (5.0-6.9 gm/dl). The data was compiled, tabulated, analyzed with percentages. Results: 42 (42%) pregnant women have normal hemoglobin, which of them 08 (19%), 20 (47%) and 14 (33%) women are belongs with 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters correspondingly. 13 (13%) women suffered with mild anemic, which of them 02 (15%), 05 (38%) and 06 (46%) women are belongs with 1 st , 2 nd 3 rd correspondingly, whereas 37 (37%) and 8 (8%) suffered with moderate and severe anemia, in which 15 (40%), 13 (35%), 09 (24%) and 01 (12%), 04 (50%), 03 (38%) women belongs with 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester correspondingly. Conclusion: Anemia is related with high rate of morbidity and mortality, and the most commonly reasons are poverty and social deprivation. It is highly recommended that more efficient guidelines regarding educating girl child, spreading effective awareness regarding balanced diet, regular antenatal health-check for safe motherhood.
Risk Factors and Management of Pregnancy Anemia
Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Pregnancy anemia is global health problem characterized as decrease in the total red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood during pregnancy. It is more prevalent among developing countries and may lead to maternal and fetal morbidity /mortality and low birth weight. Study aimed to assess dietary and socioeconomic factors associated with pregnancy anemia and its management. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was adapted using convenience sampling technique, involving 200 pregnant anemic women, during the period June-2018 to August- 2018 in different private and public sector hospitals of Punjab Pakistan. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results showed that anemia was more prevalent (47.5%) among women aged 25-30 years. Significant associations were found between gestational period and respondent’ age (p=.021) & educational level (p= .000), between hemoglobin level of patient and educa...
Anemia in pregnancy: A case control study from India
Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023
Abstract Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in pregnancy hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11gm/dL refers to be anemia. Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency affecting the pregnant women. In India prevalence of anemia in pregnant woman is about 65% to 75%. Anemia during pregnancy causes negative and harmful effects on mother as well as on child. Anemia increases the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. India had the highest prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The Highest number of anemic pregnant women in the world are in India. So the present study was planned with aim to study the anemia in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was carried out in Department of Physiology at Rural Medical College Loni in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. The study was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee. Total 644 subjects were recruited for the study. 161 non-pregnant women were taken as control and 483 pregnant women were taken as the cases. Hemoglobin measurements of the pregnant woman was done by Sahali’s method. Hb concentration of <11> Results: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women were 62.93% and 82.60% respectively. Conclusion: Pregnant as well as non-pregnant women in India are at high risk of developing anemia. The various national programmes aimed at prevention of anemia reduced the prevalence as well as severity of anemia during pregnancy. Keywords: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Pregnancy.