The Characterization of Titanium Particles Released from Bone-Level Titanium Dental Implants: Effect of the Size of Particles on the Ion Release and Cytotoxicity Behaviour (original) (raw)
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Effect of the Size of Titanium Particles Released from Dental Implants on Immunological Response
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Dental implants‐associated release of titanium particles: A systematic review
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2018
ObjectivesThe presence of titanium (Ti) particles around dental implants has been reported in the literature for decades. The prospective presence of Ti debris on soft tissues surrounding dental implants has not been systematically investigated and remains to be explored. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the origin, presence, characteristics, and location of Ti particles in relation to dental implants.Material and methodsLiterature searches were conducted by two reviewers independently based on the PRISMA guidelines. The systematic review identified studies on Ti particles derived from dental implants. We evaluated several parameters, including anatomical location, and the suspected methods of Ti particles release.ResultsThe search resulted in 141 articles, of which 26 were eligible and included in the systematic review of the literature. The investigations reported Ti and metal‐like particles in the soft (i.e., epithelial cells, connective tissue, and inflammatory cells) and ha...
Early detachment of titanium particles from various different surfaces of endosseous dental implants
Biomaterials, 2004
Titanium (Ti) endosseous dental screws with different surfaces (smooth titanium-STi, titanium plasma-sprayed-TPS, alumina oxide sandblasted and acid-etched-Al-SLA, zirconium oxide sandblasted and acid etched-Zr-SLA) were implanted in femura and tibiae of sheep to investigate the biological evolution of the peri-implant tissues and detachment of Ti debris from the implant surfaces in early healing. Implants were not loaded. Sections of the screws and the peri-implant tissues obtained by sawing and grinding were analysed by light microscopy immediately after implantation (time 0) and after 14 days. All samples showed new bone trabeculae and vascularised medullary spaces in those areas where gaps between the implants and host bone were visible. In contrast, no osteogenesis was induced in the areas where the implants were initially positioned in close contact with the host bone. Chips of the pre-existing bone inducing new peri-implant neo-osteogenesis were surrounded by new bone trabeculae. The threads of some screws appeared to be deformed where the host bone showed fractures. Ti granules of 3-60 mm were detectable only in the periimplant tissues of TPS implants both immediately after surgery and after 14 days, thus suggesting that this phenomenon may be related to the friction of the TPS coating during surgical insertion. r
Potential Causes of Titanium Particle and Ion Release in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Implant surface characteristics, as well as physical and mechanical properties, are responsible for the positive interaction between the dental implant, the bone and the surrounding soft tissues. Unfortunately, the dental implant surface does not remain unaltered and changes over time during the life of the implant. If changes occur at the implant surface, mucositis and peri-implantitis processes could be initiated; implant osseointegration might be disrupted and bone resorption phenomena (osteolysis) may lead to implant loss. This systematic review compiled the information related to the potential sources of titanium particle and ions in implant dentistry. Research questions were structured in the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) framework. PICO questionnaires were developed and an exhaustive search was performed for all the relevant studies published between 1980 and 2018 involving titanium particles and ions related to implant dentistry procedures. Preferred R...
Acta biomaterialia odontologica Scandinavica, 2017
In the present study, amount of titanium (Ti) released into the surrounding bone during placement of implants with different surface structure was investigated. Quantification of Ti released during insertion from three different implants was performed in this ex vivo study. Jaw bone from pigs was used as model for installation of the implants and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used for analysis of the released Ti. Implant surface were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after the placement into the bone. Ti was abraded to the surrounding bone upon insertion of a dental implant and the surface roughness of the implant increased the amount of Ti found. Diameter and total area of the implant were of less importance for the Ti released to the bone. No visible damages to the implant surfaces could be identified in SEM after placement.
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2016
The aim of this study was to compare, through biomechanical and histological analysis, the aluminium (AlO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles for blasting during the sandblasting acid surface treatment in titanium dental implants using a rabbit tibia model. Materials and methods: Forty-eight commercially available titanium dental implants were divided into two test groups (n = 24 per group): implants with surface treated by AlO2 followed by acid etching as control group (Con group) and implants with surface treated by TiO2 followed by acid etching as test group (Test group). The implants were randomly installed in both tibias of eight rabbits and block samples were removed 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Resonance Frequency Analyses were performed immediately after the implantation and at 8 weeks. Twelve implants of each group were removed to measure the reverse torque. The remaining implants were used for histological analysis. The data were compared using statistical tests (a = 0.05). Results: In comparing the implant stability quotient at the two time points, no significant statistical differences were found (P > 0.05), as well as in the removal torque test at 8 weeks after implant placement, no found significant difference between the two groups was tested.
Destination of titanium particles detached from titanium plasma sprayed implants
Micron, 2007
Small titanium particles may detach from titanium plasma sprayed (TPS) implants during implant insertion, when no preliminary tapping is used, probably for the frictional force between titanium coating and host bone. Aim of this study was to investigate the destination of these titanium particles observed in the peri-implant environment. Twenty-four TPS screws were implanted in tibiae of two sheep. Fourteen and 90 days after implantation the implants with the surrounding bone were removed and processed to be analyzed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (secondary electron and back-scattered electron probes). Small titanium particles detached from the unloaded TPS implants were observed both in the newly-formed bone matrix and in marrow tissue.
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2021
Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review on the toxic effect of submicron and nano-scale commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) debris on cells of peri-implant tissues. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out on the PUBMED electronic platform using the following keywords: Ti "OR" titanium "AND" dental implants "AND" nanoparticles "OR" nano-scale debris "OR" nanometric debris "AND" osteoblasts "OR "Cytotoxicity" OR "mutagenic" Results: Titanium nanoparticles in submicron-and nano-scale altered the behavior of cells in culture medium. An inflammatory response was triggered by macrophages, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells, and odontoblasts as indicated by the detection of several inflammatory mediators: IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2. The formation of a rich bioactive complex composed of calcium and phosphorus on titanium nanoparticles allowed the binding to proteins leading the cell internalization phenomenon. The nano-particles induced mutagenic and carcinogenic effects into the cells. Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of debris released from dental implants depends on the size, concentrations, and chemical composition of the particles. A high concentration of particles on nanometric scale intensifies the inflammatory responses with mutagenic potential of the surrounding cells. Clinical relevance: Titanium (Ti) ions and debris have been detected in peri-implant tissues with different sizes and forms. The presence of metallic debris at peri-implant tissues also stimulates the migration of immune cells and inflamatory reactions. Cp Ti and TiO 2 micro-and nano-scale particles can reach the blood stream, accumulating in lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2009
Studies have indicated that oral biofilm formation at structured titanium surfaces interferes with cell adhesion and proliferation, and its removal by means of conventional treatment procedures may not be sufficient to render these surfaces biologically acceptable. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different air-abrasive powders on cell viability at biologically contaminated titanium dental implant surfaces. Intraoral splints were used to collect an in vivo biofilm on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs for 48 h. A single (1x) and repeated (2x) use of four different powders (amino acid glycine or sodium bicarbonate particles; range of mean particle size (d v50):20-75 lm) was applied at two distances (1 and 2 mm) and angles (308 and 908) to the surfaces. Specimens (2x) were incubated with SaOs-2 cells for 7 days. Residual biofilm (RB) areas (%), and surface alterations (SEM) (1x and 2x), as well as SaOs-2 cell viability, expressed as mitochondrial cell activity (MA) (counts/second) (2x specimens), were assessed. Comparable mean RB areas were observed within and between groups after both 1x (RB: 0.0% 6 0.0% to 5.7% 6 5.7%) and 2x (RB: 0.0% 6 0.0%) treatments. All surface treatments did not lead to MA (2x) values comparable to the sterile control group. However, sodium bicarbonate particles resulted in significantly higher MA (2x) values than amino acid glycine powders of different sizes. This was associated with pronounced alterations of the surface morphology (2x). Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that SaOs-2 cell viability at biologically contaminated titanium surfaces was mainly influenced by the particle type of the powder.