Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), and Its Applications: A Review (original) (raw)
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A Review on Date Palm Tree: Properties, Characterization and Its Potential Applications
Date palm (phoenix dactylifera), which is mostly found in the middle east countries such as Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the United States (California) that play a significant role in the economical and the environmental condition in those areas. The main purpose of planting dates is its fruit, which is consumed as fresh, dried or processed forms. There are approximately 100 million date palm trees in the worldwide that 62 million of these trees located in the Middle East and North Africa. In Saudi Arabia only, 15000 tons of date palm leaves is prepared as waste materials. The leaves of date palm tree are used in several applications such as making ropes, baskets, and mats in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, the huge amount of the non-food products from the date palm remains as landfill materials without any specific usage. By attention to the date palm properties, the literature clearly showed that each part of date palm has great potential to be used for a variety of applications such as: making paper, absorption of heavy and toxic metals, energy production and soil fertilizing. Some of the obstacles and solutions for using palm date in these applications were also explored. Considering these issues and their solutions, the date palm is a favorable alternative. Despite some limited and traditional uses of these palm wastes, this review considered date palm applications and the properties' of the most important part of that tree in recent researches and related issues for future research are also spotted.
Acta Scientifci Nutritional Health, 2022
It is considered that the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) was one of the first crops to be farmed in the Middle East, dating back thousands of years. The current study aimed to assess the variations in the quality of the new strain of Nag Hamady and Medjool cultivar on the basis of physical characteristics and chemicals properties. There was conducting research on date palm fruits from a 30-year-old seedling tree in Nag Hamady, Egypt. The results were compared to those of Medjool cv. in two consecutive seasons (2020 and 2021). A novel seedling strain's physical and chemical properties were the primary focus of this investigation. In compared the number of date/Kg, Medjool cv. recorded (110 kg/palm), however the maximum yield was seen in Nag Hamady 2 (250 kg/palm). When it comes to physical features like length, diameter, weight, and number of dates per kg, the Nag Hamady 2 had the greatest numbers, at 5.40 cm, 2.60 cm, 28.00g, and 38.00 dates per kg, while the Medjool had the lowest. Nag Hamady 2 has the best chemical characteristics, according to the results. The soluble solid content of a date palm fruit is 80.00 gm per 100 gm. There were 80.20 gm of carbs per 100 gm and 3.85 gm of protein per 100 gm. It was determined that the ash and fiber levels were 0.67 and 6.50 gm per 100 gm, respectively. The carbohydrate content was found to be high in glucose and fructose, and it was found to be free of sucrose. Due to its low level of crude lipids 0.50g/100g compared with content of sugar, date palm might be beneficial for cardiovascular and diabetic patients. There is the great calcium content in Nag Hamady 2 may be a good supply of calcium, which is required for healthy bone formation and energy metabolism. The date fruits are regarded to be a healthy diet rich in minerals and play an important function in the development of the immune system for humans because of the presence of these key components in the fruit.
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2020
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit is popular among arid and semi-arid regions' populations around the globe, due to its nutritional and cultural significance (Biglari, AlKarkhi, & Easa, 2008). It is also known as an important source of health-promoting constituents carrying around 172-246 mgGAE/100 g of total phenolics and 146-162 µmol Trolox equivalents/g (fw) of antioxidant activity, as reported for dates cultivated in Oman (Al-Farsi et al., 2007). Other reports also suggest it as a rich source of chemical with different biological properties (Djouab, Benamara, Gougam, Amellal, & Karima Hidous, 2016; Matloob & Al Hussein Balakit, 2016). It is reported to contain 0.2%-0.5% oil (flesh), 2.3%-5.6% protein, and 0.1-916 mg/100 g of total minerals among other nutrients (Al-Shahib & Marshall, 2003; Biglari et al., 2008). Date fruits are one of the important agricultural products which are widely consumed and traded in North-Africa, the Middle East, and different Asian countries. It can also be regarded as a functional food due to being the source of some important fibers, minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Fe), lipids, proteins, and energy (Myhara, Al-Alawi, Karkalas,
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2020
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit is popular among arid and semi-arid regions' populations around the globe, due to its nutritional and cultural significance (Biglari, AlKarkhi, & Easa, 2008). It is also known as an important source of health-promoting constituents carrying around 172-246 mgGAE/100 g of total phenolics and 146-162 µmol Trolox equivalents/g (fw) of antioxidant activity, as reported for dates cultivated in Oman (Al-Farsi et al., 2007). Other reports also suggest it as a rich source of chemical with different biological properties (Djouab, Benamara, Gougam, Amellal, & Karima Hidous, 2016; Matloob & Al Hussein Balakit, 2016). It is reported to contain 0.2%-0.5% oil (flesh), 2.3%-5.6% protein, and 0.1-916 mg/100 g of total minerals among other nutrients (Al-Shahib & Marshall, 2003; Biglari et al., 2008). Date fruits are one of the important agricultural products which are widely consumed and traded in North-Africa, the Middle East, and different Asian countries. It can also be regarded as a functional food due to being the source of some important fibers, minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Fe), lipids, proteins, and energy (Myhara, Al-Alawi, Karkalas,
Identification of some Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars by fruit characters.pdf
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) was studied for the morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characters of fruit cultivars. These cultivars are Amhat, Barhy, Bint Aisha, Zaghloul, Hayany, Amry, Kuboshy and Samany. The Morphological, anatomical and chemical characters of fruit varied among the cultivars studied. Zaghloul cultivar exhibited the highest values of reducing sugar, total phenols, titrateable acidity, while Samany cultivar showed the highest value of total soluble solids. This study may be helpful for commercial utilization of date palm.
Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Biology and Utilization
The Date Palm Genome, Vol. 1, 2021
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the type species for the genus Phoenix of the family Arecaceae (Palmaceae). Phoenix species are native to tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and Africa. The date palm has been domesticated for several millennia in its centres of origin, diversity and domestication in the Middle East and North Africa. From there, date culture spread to other areas having a suitable climate (hot and arid or semiarid) with sufficient water available either as groundwater or irrigation. The date palm was introduced into the Western Hemisphere much later and has a more limited production area there. The date palm is a unique, arborescent monocotyledonous plant with distinctive anatomical features and environmental adaptations. It grows in arid, sandy environments but requires large volumes of water for growth and fruit production; it tolerates saline conditions but is not a true halophyte. Numerous labour-intensive cultural practices including pruning, pollination and bunch management are necessary for successful date production. Postharvest handling may include dehydration or hydration, depending upon the fruit moisture content at harvest. Date fruit is also processed into pastes, syrups, butters and other products. Production of dates has increased in recent decades and will likely continue to increase in the near-term future.
Chemical Composition, Minerals and Antioxidants of the Heart of Date Palm from Three Saudi Cultivars
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2014
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, minerals and antioxidants of heart of date palm from three Saudi cultivars. Moisture (ranged from 80.44%-82.82%) was the predominant component in the heart date palm. Sukkari cultivar had the highest protein (5.27%) and ash (7.9%) compared to the other two cultivars. Fat was low in the three cultivars. Sucrose was the predominant sugar in the heart date palm and ranged from 7.65%-20.25%. Potassium was the predominant mineral in the heart date palm and was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher in Sukkari and Solleg compared to the Naboat Saif cultivar. Sulfur and chloride were next to potassium in abundance in the three heart date palm cultivars. Total phenols and flavonoids were higher in Solleg compared to the other two cultivars. IC50 for Solleg, Sukkari and Naboat Saif were 0.12, 0.13 and 0.29 mg/ml, respectively. The results of the present study may highlight the potential importance of heart of date palm as a product rich in essential minerals and antioxidants. Future researches are needed to explore other characteristics of heart of date palm which could be considered for human nutrition.
A study was carried out in the Post Graduate Laboratory, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the year 2010. Twenty one date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties were investigated at tamr stage for their physical characteristics, textural profile analysis and total phenolic content. Significant differences were recorded in the physical characteristics, textural profile and total phenolic content among varieties. Maximum fruit weight (13.89g), flesh weight (12.89g), fruit length (4.56cm) and volume (11.94cm 3 ) were recorded in Dhakki. Edible/non-edible ratio of different date varieties ranged from 1.94 (Desi simple) to 14.50 (Aseel Sindh). Maximum water activity was found in Desi basray (0.482) and minimum in Karblain (0.323). The highest peak force of puncture test as an index of hardness during textural profile analysis was recorded in Dora (59.64g) and maximum value of fruit colour was observed in Desi red small (149.10CTn). Phenolic content ranged from 296.67 to 140.67mg (GAE) /100g fresh fruit weight. The results conclude that Dhakki, Aseel Sindh and Hillavi are suitable for table purpose while other varieties are suitable for processing and converting into date products.
Socioeconomic and traditional importance of date palm
The date palm fruit is a drupe exhibiting a high diversity in texture, shape, color and chemical composition depending on the genotype, environment, season and cultural practices. The fruit typically characterize the variety. The socio-economic value of dates is particularly known from oases, where date palms grow and fruits were historically the medium of exchange between populations. The geographical distribution of date palm cultivars is not yet well studied and the international demand on some of them will have disastrous impacts on the sustainability of this crop in the long term. This impoverishes germplasm and narrows the diversity grown among oases. In addition, despite the presence of several reports on the chemical composition and the nutritional value of dates, many other potentialities of the fruits remain to be explored. Many claims report on the antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antiulcer and immuno-modulatory properties of dates. Recently, the antioxidant activity of some cultivars was investigated and attributed to phenolic compounds. Dates are very rich in phenolics, in quality and quantity, which opens many fields of investigation in terms of new potential uses. This study summarizes the recent progress in date research, providing an up-to-date overview of the worldwide production/commercialization and the traditional and medicinal uses. Other current and future applications of dates also are highlighted.