Risk Factors for Hypertension Incidence Among Women in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Vascular Health and Risk Management, 2023
Hypertension (HTN) poses a significant health risk for Indonesia's large population. Underlying factors contributing to this disease are not fully understood at a national level. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate factors associated with HTN in Indonesia. Patients and Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5, a 2014 national cross-sectional populationbased survey of individuals aged 15 years and older. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) value was determined from three blood pressure measurements taken by trained nurses using Omron digital sphygmomanometers. The respondent was classified as hypertensive when the MAP value was at least 100. The study summarised the socio-demographic factors (age, gender, marital status, ethnicity and occupation status) and lifestyle habits (smoking, sleep quality, physical activity) with descriptive statistics. The potential associations between these factors and HTN were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The results were reported in terms of odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The study included 32,670 respondents; 31.2% of them had HTN. Factors that were more likely associated with HTN were being <65 years old, being married (OR 1.257, 95% CI 1.170-1.352) and being smoker (OR 1.297, 95% CI 1.198-1.404), while being male (OR 0.677, 95% CI: 0.625-0.733) and doing no physical activity (OR 0.870, 95% CI: 0.813-0.930) were less likely to be associated with HTN. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are associations between certain socio-demographic factors and lifestyle habits with HTN in Indonesia. This information may help policymakers and healthcare providers to develop effective strategies in order to control HTN in Indonesia, thereby improving the overall health and well-being of the population.
International journal of hypertension, 2018
Hypertension is the most significant avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet nationally representative adult data on Indonesia have not been available. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of hypertension, including sociodemographic variables, weight status, health behaviour, and psychosocial stress and support risk factors. The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) interviewed and examined in a national population-based cross-sectional study 29965 individuals aged 18 years and older, mean age 43.3 years (SD=15.3). Blood pressure, body height and weight, dietary behaviour, physical activity, tobacco use, and psychosocial variables were measured. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate determinants of hypertension by gender. The prevalence of hypertension among study participants was 33.4 % (95 % CI: 32.7-34.0), among males 31.0% (95% CI: 30.2, 31.9), and among females 35.4% (95% CI: 34.6, 36.3). Among hypertensives, 42.9% were aware, 11.5% ...
Risk Factors of Hypertension among Women in Sragen, Central Java
Sudaryanto, 2019
Background: Hypertension has become a global problem because its prevalence continues to increase to the stage of worrying. Health profile data of Sragen District Health Office in 2014 showed that out of 175,750 people aged >18 years who took blood pressure measurement, there were 28.73% (50,499 people) identified as having high blood pressure and 25,928 of them were women. This study aimed to examine risk factors of hypertension among women in Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Sragen, Central Java. The total sample of 200 women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were age, history of hypertension, stress, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, salt consumption, coffee consumption, body mass index (BMI), and cholesterol level. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The other data were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of the Hypertension of Trunyan Village, Bali in 2019
The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 2022
Introduction: Hypertension is the cause of 7.5 million deaths, equivalent to 12.8% of total deaths based on WHO data. Trunyan Village currently has limited access to health services, low public awareness of maintaining personal health and environmental health, and no descriptive or analytical data discussing hypertension prevalence and risk factors. Methods: Therefore, this study aims to determine hypertension prevalence and risk factors in Trunyan Village, Bangli. This study used a cross-sectional design, with the subject selection method using simple random sampling and blood pressure status as a dependent variable. The interview was conducted on 55 people, which used a questionnaire. Result: Data analyzed used the chi-square test, and the relationship between variables was considered significant with a p-value <0.05. The prevalence of hypertension in Trunyan Village is 52.7%, with female dominance (65.5%) and age ≤50 years (52.7%). There is a significant relationship between hypertension and age (p<0.01; PR=3.50), the habit of consuming sweet foods (p=0.02; PR=0.54), and family history of hypertension (p<0.01; PR=1.91). Conclusion: It can be concluded that hypertension has a significant relationship with risk factors for age, habits of consuming sweets foods, and a family history of hypertension. Further research needs to be carried out with a larger sample size to obtain more representative results.
Identification of Hypertension Risk Factor at Tarowang Village, Takalar, Indonesia
Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study
The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in the world and in Indonesia. The disease, known as the silent disease, is experienced by many people, but diagnosed too late. As a result, the impact is much greater, namely death from heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle and food intake are modifiable risk factors for hypertension. In addition, gender, age, and genetic history are risk factors that cannot be changed, but by identifying them, it can increase awareness to avoid other risk factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors for hypertension in Tarowang Village. This research was conducted with a cross-sectional study design, total sample was 116 people chosen by purposive sampling method. Hypertension defined using JNC 7 category and measured by ABN Spectrum Aneroid Sphygmomanometer. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of hypertension was 18.97%. Age and nutritional status have significant relationship with hypertension (0.004 and 0.021, respectively). Th...
Modern Medicine, 2024
Non-communicable diseases are estimated to account for 73% of all deaths in Indonesia, and cardiovascular disease contributes 35%. Unhealthy dietary behavior leads to several NCDs, such as Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey Year 2018. The study selected 10,171 samples aged ≥15 years from West Borneo Province. The dependent variable was coronary disease. The independent variables were hypertension, age, gender, education, smoking, vegetables, fruit consumption, fat intake, alcohol consumption, instant noodles consumption, soft drink consumption, physical activity, and residence. A path analysis was conducted data analysis. The coronary disease was directly increased by hypertension (b=1.19; 95% CI=0.90 to 1.48; p<0.001), age ≥43 years (b=0.88; 95% CI=0.55 to 1.21; p<0.001), and high physical activity (b=-0.49; 95% CI=-0.81 to-0.17; p=0.003). It was directly decreased by alcohol consumption, but it was statistically non-significant (b=-0.71; 95% CI=-1.54 to 0.11; p=0.088). Coronary disease was indirectly affected by males,
Prevalence and Determinants for Hypertension among Rural Women of Reproductive Age in Indonesia
2020
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of hypertension in rural women of reproductive age. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Cianjur district on August 2019. It involved 193 married rural women aged 20–49 years old. Independent variables investigated were socio-economic characteristics, anthropometry, fat distribution and nutrient intake. The prevalence of hypertension in the study population using the new American Guideline (ACC/AHA) was 58% in contrast to 23.8% using the European (ESC/ESH) cut offs. Socioeconomic characteristics and nutrient intake showed no significant association with hypertension (p>0.05) while, Body Mass Index (BMI) (p>0.012), Visceral Fat (VF) (p>0.013) and Waist Circumference (WC) (p>0.010) were significantly associated with hypertension. Hence, result of binary logistic regression showed waist circumference is the strongest factor to determine hypertension in our study (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.20–4.01). Overall, the u...
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019), 2020
Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is known as the silent killer disease. The patients do not feel any symptoms or asymptomatic and for a long time, if it is not be cured they will get some complications. The prevalence of hypertension is rising in the world including Indonesia. This aim of the study is to assess the risk factors for newly diagnosed hypertension at non-diabetes respondents in the Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Central Bogor. We conducted a prospective study, the sample was respondents from baseline data Cohort Study 2011-2012 that they were not diagnosed hypertensive with JNC VII criteria, and not diabetes mellitus with ADA criteria (3984 persons), conducted follow-up for 6 years. Data collected by interviews, physical examinations (weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure), and laboratories (fasting plasma glucose and 2 hours after loading 75 g of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). We used multiple logistic regression for analysis and odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. The incidence of hypertension increases every year and proportion of cumulative in 6 years was 770 persons (19.32%), 219 mens (28.4%) and 551 womens (71.6%). Hypertensive participants had higer levels for fasting plasma glucose and 2 hours after loading, triglycerides and LDL than normotensive (p<0.001). Risk factors assosiated with hypertension are age ≥45 years (OR=1.31; 95% CI=1.114-1.549), obesity (OR=1.89; 95% CI=1.592-2.250), diabetes (OR=2.31; 95% CI=1.674-3.182), high LDL (OR=1.59; 95% CI=1.303-1.947), and stress (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.985-3.166) with p ≤ 0.05. Age, obesity, diabetes, high LDL and stress are important risk factors associated with hypertension. Most of the risk factors can be modified and require prevention efforts with lifestyle changes.
Prevalence of risk factors associated with hypertension at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali
Intisari Sains Medis
Background: High blood pressure, also called "hypertension," is a serious medical condition. It happens when the force of the blood pumping through the arteries is too strong. The World Health Organization rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide, and the problem is growing. This study aimed to determine the risk factors affecting Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The data used in this study is a secondary data collected from medical record of the patients with Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital, Denpasar, Bali in the year of 2015 until 2016. The data was categorized based on Body Mass Index (BMI), gender, age, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases. Results: There are 73(60.83%) males and 47(39.17%) females, the majority of patients were in the age group of 18-70 years of age with the age group of 40-50 carrying a rather large quantity of 45.8% among the male gender and for the female gender the age group of 51-60 showed the highest percentage of 38.2%, the sample consists of 60.83% of males and 39.17 of females from the total 120 samples taken from Sanglah general hospital. As for Body Mass Index (BMI), 25-29.9 has the most significant value of 49 (40.83%) when compared to the other nutritional statuses present. The patients with the cardiovascular disease showed a very substantial amount of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%). Conclusions: This study succeeded in identifying 120 samples of patients with hypertension and their contributing risk factors. The majority of the Samples were with body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 (40.83%). The samples with a history of cardiovascular disease showed a value of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%
The Major Factor of Hypertension, Study Case at Posbindu Cipayung, East Jakarta
Proceedings of the International Seminar on Public Health and Education 2018 (ISPHE 2018), 2018
The objective study to explains the relationship between physical activity, family history, age, obesity and stress with hypertension. The research method is a quantitative study with cross-sectional study design. The population in this study are Posbindu visitors who are aged> 15 years in Cipayung District, East Jakarta. The sample taken proportionally from the number of visitors Posbindu (n=210 person). Data analysis was done by univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The variable influence of hypertension were a family history, age, physical activity, obesity and stress. The dominant factor of hypertension was physical activity with OR=4,5 (95% CI: 2,14-9,28). In this study there are confounding variable: consumption of salt/sodium, gender and smoking. The conclusion that people with less physical activity are at higher risk of developing hypertension than people with moderate physical activity.