Major lipid classes and their fatty acids in a parasitic nematode, Ascaridia galli (original) (raw)
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Comparative Study of the Lipid Content and the Fatty Acid Composition in the Parasite
The fatty acid composition of the parasite, Mothocya belonae, and the muscle of its host, Belone belone (Garfish), were compared. The saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in parasite and the host are respectively 49% to 52.9%; 25.12% to 28.8% and 25.87% to18.2 % of total fatty acids. The parasite is characterized by palmitic (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1n-9), arachidonic acid (C20: 4n-6) and EPA (C20: 5n-3) with respective percentages of 29.1%, 17.6%, 3.9% and 7.7% of total fatty acids. Parasite tissues are distinguished by their high EPA + DHA with a rate of 19.4% of total fatty acids.
Total Lipid Content of Ascardia Galli from its Host Gallus Domesticus
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2021
Lipid are important constituents for an animal body as they serve both in structural makeup and in energy yielding, but in parasites there is a good deal difference in the mode of procurement of these impartment metabolites. They may be available to them in digested or semi digested state. In helminthes the fatty acid synthesis is very limited as per the studies of Ginger and Fairbairn, 1966. In nematode most of lipids located in the hypodermis especially in the lateral cords, muscle cells, intestinal cells and ovaries. Lipid is the chief food reserve in free living nematode and plant parasitic nematodes.
Proceedings of The Zoological Society, 2009
Adult tape worms take up small molecules through their tegument and are therefore largely dependent on their host’s ability to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Cestodes have lost their capacity for de novo synthesis of lipids and have become entirely dependent on their host. It is reported that the cestodes are able to absorb both short and long chain fatty acids through a mixture of diffusion and mediated transport. Cestodes do not use lipids normally as energy reserve; instead these are being utilized for reproduction. In an attempt to know the lipid composition of the fowl cestode, Raillietina (Fuhrmannetta) echinobothrida, major lipid classes and their fatty acid compositions of this parasite were analyzed by TLC and GLC respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters of total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid, and glycolipid were prepared by transmethylation. Eighteen fatty acids were identified from the parasite. The percent content of neutral lipid (64.39), glycolipid (15.7) and phospholipid (19.91) were recorded. Palmitic (C16) and C18 (stearic) acids were the chief components among the fatty acids.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in neutral lipids and phospholipids of some freshwater insects
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996
The fatty acid compositions of total neutral lipids and total polar lipids from eight species of freshwater insects were determined: stonefly nymphs (Plecoptera), beetle larvae (Coleoptera), Chironomidae (Diptera), water boatmen (Corixidae and Notonecta; Heteroptera) and mayfly nymphs (Ecdyonurus venosus, Caenis, Ephemerella; Ephemeroptera). In addition, the compositions of individual phosphoglycerides were determined for four of the species (Plecoptera, Corixidae, Ecdyonurus venosus and Emphemerella). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids together represented up to 85% of the fatty acids of total neutral lipids with 16:0 (18-31%) being the most abundant saturated fatty acid and 16:ln-7 (10-28%), 18:ln-9 (6-12%) and 18: ln-7 (3-12%) the most abundant monounsaturates. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounted for between 16% and 33% of the total fatty acids of neutral lipids, with 20:5n-3 (4-12%), 18:3n-3 (3-30%) and 18:2n-6 (1-8%) all being major components. Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 (0.4-1.0%) and 22:6n-3 were, respectively, minor and insignificant components of total neutral lipids. PUFA were major fatty acids (34-56% of the total) in total polar lipids and in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. The major PUFA present were 20:5n-3 (14-27%) and 18:3n-3 (6-23%). The most abundant n-6 PUFA, especially in phosphoglycerides from Corixidae, was 18:2n-6 (3-11%). Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6, was present in all phosphoglycerides accounting for 1-4% of the total fatty acids, except in the phosphatidylinositol of Corixidae where it accounted for 12% of the total. 22:6(n-3) was not present in significant amounts in any phosphoglyceride in any species. 18:ln-9 (8-20%) and 18:ln-7 (2-14%) were the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acids, especially in phosphatidylethanolamine. 16:0 was abundant in phosphatidylcholine (11-21%), and 18:0 (17-23%) was abundant in phosphatidylserine. The results are discussed in relation to the functions and origins of PUFA in freshwater insects. COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL 114B, 161-170, 1996.
Identification and quantification of fatty acids
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 1998
Fatty acid (FA) profiles of the species Tettigonia viridissima, Chorthippus biguttulus, and Chorthippus brunneus were determined and quantitated. Extracted lipids were derivatized into FA methyl esters (FAMEs) prior to analysis by GC-MS. A total of 37 different FAs were identified in T. viridissima, yielding a total FA content of 10.4 g/100 g of dry matter. The contents of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs were 31.1, 35.9, and 33.0%, respectively. Lipids from T. viridissima were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by offline solid phase extraction. For C. brunneus and C. biguttulus, 33 FAs were identified, yielding a total FA content of 6.14 g/100 g of dry matter. SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively, constituted 32.7, 25.1, and 42.1% of the total FA content. The contents of MUFAs, PUFAs, n-3 FAs, and n-6 FAs of each species, and the n-6/n-3 ratio, were subsequently discussed.
Fatty acid composition and dynamics of selected fungal-feeding nematodes and fungi
2001
Fatty acid profiles of fungal-feeding nematodes, Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides composticola, and selected fungi were determined in microcosm cultures of agar, broth, or sand amended with organic matter. Fatty acids of A. avenae and A. composticola included 16: 0 18: 0, 18: 1ω7, 18: 1ω9, 18: 2, 20: 0, 20: 1, 20: 2, 20: 3 and 20: 4 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs). The nematodes differed in relative amounts of saturated and C18 fatty acids.
Lipids, 1974
The effect of an excessive intake of oleic acid on the lipids of the Roman srail (Helíx pomatia L.) was studied. The total lipid content increased by 3O% which was fully attributable to a marked elevation in the neutral esters and free fatty acids, as phospholipid and free sterol contents remained unaffected. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipids, characteized by high amounts of stearic, linoleic, homolinoleic, and, particularly, arachidonic acids, appeared to be nearly insensitive to this excessive oleic acid ingestion. By contrast, the effect of oleic acid upon the depot lipids was striking: active intestinal resorption of the acid from the dietary supply was shown by the fourfold level of oleic acid in the free fatty acid fraction, whereas a fivefold level of tfiis acid in the glyceride and sterol ester fraction was proof of a substantial esterification. These data support the view that the composition of the structural lipids is specifically species oriented, whereas both the content and the composition of the depot lipids are highly governed by dietary fat intake.