Virulence factors of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (original) (raw)
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Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2016
This study evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine(®) (PDZ) formulated in hydrogel, in the inactivation of mono and duo-species biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. Standardized suspensions of each strain were prepared and after biofilm formation, mono-species were treated with 150 and 175mg/L of PDZ for 20minutes (pre-irradiation time), and exposed to LED light at a dose of 37.5J/cm(2) (660nm). The duo-species biofilms (C. albicans+C. glabrata and C. albicans+C. tropicalis) were treated with 150mg/L of PDZ and light. Additional samples were treated with PDZ or light only, and the control did not receive any treatment. Next, microbiological evaluation was performed by spreading the cells on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and CHROMagar Candida for colony forming units (CFU/mL). Moreover, the total biomass of biofilm was verified using the crystal violet staining assay (CV). The data were submitted ...
Mycoses, 2011
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great promise for the inactivation of Candida species, its effectiveness against azole-resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. This in vitro study describes the association of Photogem Ò (Photogem, Moscow, Russia) with LED (light emitting diode) light for the photoinactivation of fluconazole-resistant (FR) and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Suspensions of each Candida strain were treated with five Photogem Ò concentrations and exposed to four LED light fluences (14, 24, 34 or 50 min of illumination). After incubation (48 h at 37°C), colonies were counted (CFU ml)1). Single-species biofilms were generated on cellulose membrane filters, treated with 25.0 mg l)1 of Photogem Ò and illuminated at 37.5 J cm)2. The biofilms were then disrupted and the viable yeast cells present were determined. Planktonic suspensions of FR strains were effectively killed after PDT. It was observed that the fungicidal effect of PDT was strain-dependent. Significant decreases in biofilm viability were observed for three strains of C. albicans and for two strains of C. glabrata. The results of this investigation demonstrated that although PDT was effective against Candida species, fluconazoleresistant strains showed reduced sensitivity to PDT. Moreover, single-species biofilms were less susceptible to PDT than their planktonic counterparts.
Sensitivity of Candida albicans Germ Tubes and Biofilms to Photofrin-Mediated Phototoxicity
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2005
Treatment of mucocutaneous and cutaneous Candida albicans infections with photosensitizing agents and light, termed photodynamic therapy (PDT), offers an alternative to conventional treatments. Initial studies using the clinically approved photosensitizer Photofrin demonstrated the susceptibility of C. albicans to its photodynamic effects. In the present study, we have further refined parameters for Photofrin-mediated pho- todynamic action against C. albicans and examined
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2013
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The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Candida and Staphylococcus biofilms
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Background/aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) in a biofilm model using combinations of various dyes (rose bengal, riboflavin, and methylene blue) as photosensitizers and light sources (LED and UVA) against staphylococcal and candidal biofilms. Materials and methods: Sterile microtiter plates were used for the development and quantification of the biofilms. APDT was carried out using combinations of the light sources and dyes. The percentage of the growth inhibition was then calculated using a spectrophotometer. The broth media in the wells were aspirated, wells were stained with crystal violet, and optical density values were measured spectrophotometrically. SEM analysis of the impact of APDT on bacterial and fungal biofilms was also performed. Results: The experiments showed that the most efficacious combination was red LED + methylene blue against both staphylococcal and candidal biofilms. A marked inhibition (45.4%) was detected on both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis biofilms. Red LED + methylene blue was also effective on S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms. SEM images suggested that the number of adherent cells and biofilm mass were markedly reduced after APDT treatment. Conclusion: Although the results of this study indicated the in vitro efficacy of APDT, it might also be a promising technique for the control of biofilm growth within intravenous catheters.
In vitro photodynamic inactivation of Candida spp. growth and adhesion to buccal epithelial cells
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-biology, 2009
In this study, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was used to inhibit in vitro growth and adhesion of different Candida isolates to buccal epithelial cells (BEC). Experimental conditions were optimized and 25 lM toluidine blue O (TBO) and 15 min of irradiation time by light emitting diode (LED) (energy density of 180 J/cm 2 ) were selected due to higher reductions in cellular viability obtained after treatment. Reduction media of Log 10 3.41 in viable cellular growth and media of 55% in the inhibition of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells were obtained. Two fluconazole resistant isolates were susceptible to PDI (Log 10 3.54 in IB05 and Log 10 1.95 in CG09) and a second session of this treatment for CG09 isolate inhibited cellular viability in 100%, without producing heat. The results permit to conclude that photodynamic inactivation under these experimental conditions would be a possible alternative approach to inhibit Candida spp. cellular growth and adhesion to buccal epithelial cells.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2018
The aims of this study (in vitro) was evaluated the effects of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on single and multi-species biofilms, compounds by Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Biofilms were formed, on microplate of 96 wells, by suspensions of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and S. sanguinis (ATCC 7073) adjusted in 10 cells/mL, followed by incubation of 48 h (with 5% CO). The effects of the photosensitizer erythrosine (ER) at 400 µM for 5 min and green light-emitting diode (LED - 532 ± 10 nm) for 3 min, alone and conjugated, were evaluated. After normality test, results was analysed by Tukey´s test (P < 0.05). PDI group promoted reductions of 1.07 and 0.39 log, respectively, in biofilms of C. albicans alone and in association with S. sanguinis. Biofilms of S. sanguinis alone were more sensitive, with reduction of 4.48 log. When in association with the yeast, S. sanguinis have a decrease of 2.67 log. SEM analysis revealed a decrease in bacterial and fungal structures of bi...
Daily Phototherapy with Red Light to Regulate Candida albicans Biofilm Growth
Journal of Visualized Experiments
Here, we present a protocol to assess the outcomes of per diem red light treatment on the growth of Candida albicans biofilm. To increase the planktonic growth of C. albicans SN425, the inoculums grew on Yeast Nitrogen Base media. For biofilm formation, RPMI 1640 media, which have high concentrations of amino acids, were applied to help biofilm growth. Biofilms of 48 h were treated twice a day for a period of 1 min with a non-coherent light device (red light; wavelength = 635 nm; energy density = 87.6 J•cm-2). As a positive control (PC), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) was applied, and as a negative control (NC), 0.89% NaCl was applied to the biofilms. Colony forming units (CFU), dry-weight, soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharides were quantified after treatments. Briefly, the protocol presented here is simple, reproducible and provides answers regarding viability, dry-weight and extracellular polysaccharide amounts after red light treatment.
Biofilm formation by fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains is inhibited by fluconazole
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2007
Objectives: The fungal pathogen Candida albicans forms biofilms on implanted medical devices, resulting in infections with high mortality. Fully developed biofilms, which are adherent communities of microorganisms, characteristically exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial drugs, making treatment of device-associated infection problematic. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of the azole antifungal fluconazole on the initiation of biofilm formation by both drugsusceptible and drug-resistant C. albicans strains.
Photodynamic inactivation for controlling Candida albicans infections
Fungal Biology, 2012
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) combines a non-toxic dye, termed photosensitizer, which is activated by visible light of appropriate wavelength which will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS will react with cellular components inducing oxidative processes, leading to cell death. A wide range of microorganisms, have already showed susceptibility to APDT. Therefore, this treatment might consist in an alternative for the management of fungal infections that is mainly caused by biofilms, since they respond poorly to conventional antibiotics and may play a role in persistent infections. Biofilms are the leading cause of microbial infections in humans, thus representing a serious problem in health care. Candida albicans is the main type of fungi able to form biofilms, which cause superficial skin and mucous membrane infections as well as deep-seated mycoses, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In these patients, invasive infections are often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the increase in antifungal resistance has decreased the efficacy of conventional therapies. Treatments are time-consuming and thus demanding on health care budgets. Additionally, current antifungal drugs only have a limited spectrum of action and toxicity. The use of APDT as an antimicrobial topical agent against superficial and cutaneous diseases represents an effective method for eliminating microorganisms.