Compilation of liquefaction and pyrolysis method used for bio-oil production from various biomass: A review (original) (raw)
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Bio-oil production from a lignocellulosic biomass and its fuel characteristics
A wide research is going on in the field of renewable energy resources to shelter the scarcity of conventional fossil fuels. As we look back, from the beginning of Earths formation, a tremendous amount of the energy stored inside the earth. Until the start of 19 th century man was unaware of this treasure and used lignocellulosic biomass / wood biomass as an energy source of which people unaware of its true potential. But, as fossil fuel sources were discovered, the excavation started to meet the energy demand which obviously replaced the biomass. Then from the petroleum crude oil, petrochemicals took birth and the industrial revolution changed the prospective of entire world. Now, in this first quarter of the 21 st century when the population is gigantic and demand for energy sources has increased to the enormous level, fossil fuels are being consumed like never before and now they are diminishing with very fast rate leading towards the energy crisis. So, to overcome this problem; need for the replacements, blends of fossil fuels arises and as a result we are going back in time to utilize another huge source of energy i.e. Biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass can be thermally converted into biofuels by various technologies. One of such most effective and lucrative technology is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass convert it into bio-oil, bio-char and pyrolysis gas, these all have high energy content and potential in them. In this deliberated work, authors conducted a pyrolysis experiment on a lignocellulosic biomass which is available as a solid waste on long and far terrestrial region though barely investigated. Temperature of the reaction was set at 500 ºC at which the bio-oil resulted its highest heating value of 17.093 MJ/kg and that of bio-char is 30.768 MJ/kg. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed number of functional groups present and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) resulted in huge number of chemical compounds present in the biooil. Then we studied flow behaviour of bio-oil by Interfacial Rheometer and it demonstrated Shear-thinning behaviour. Thus, the study reveals fuel potential of untouched biomass in terms of bio-oil and its transport phenomenon.
Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes-An overview
International Journal of Energy Research, 2011
As the global demand for energy rapidly increases and fossil fuels will be soon exhausted, bio-energy has become one of the key options for shorter and medium term substitution for fossil fuels and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass currently supplies 14% of the world's energy needs. Biomass pyrolysis has a long history and substantial future potential-driven by increased interest in renewable energy. This article presents the stateof-the-art of biomass pyrolysis systems, which have been-or are expected to be-commercialized. Performance levels, technological status, market penetration of new technologies and the costs of modern forms of biomass energy are discussed.
Bio-oil production through biomass pyrolysis and upgrading research
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, 2018
Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. Biomass can be converted to bio-fuel via different thermal, biological and physical processes. Among the biomass to energy conversion processes, pyrolysis has attracted more interest in producing liquid fuel. Pyrolysis processes may be conventional or fast pyrolysis, depending on the operating conditions that are used. The heart of a fast pyrolysis process is the reactor and considerable research development has focused on reactor types. Different types of reactor are used for bio oil production such as fluidized-bed reactor Ablative type, vacuum pyrolysis reactor, rotating cone reactor, auger pyrolysis reactor, pyros pyrolysis reactor, plasma reactor, microwave reactor and solar reactor. To improve the bio-oil production from biomass. Scientific and technical developments towards improving bio-oil yield and quality to date are reviewed, with an emphasis on bio-oil upgrading research.
Bio-Oil Production Using Waste Biomass via Pyrolysis Process: Mini Review
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Pyrolysis process using abundantly available biomass waste fabric is a promising, renewable, and sustainable energy supply for bio-oil production. In this study, the pyrolysis of waste biomass determines the highest yield of diverse parameters of material type, temperature, reactor, method, and analysis used. From the differences in the parameters stated above, there is an opportunity to select the proper parameters to get the desired nice and quantity of bio-oil and the very best bio-oil yield. The maximum yield of each bio-oil product for pyrolysis primarily based on the above parameters was 68.9%; 56.9%; 44.4%; 44.16%; 41.05%; 39.99%. The bio-oil made out of pyrolysis was changed into analyzed using GC-MS, ft-IR, NMR, TGA, SEM, Thermogravimetric analysis, HHV, FESEM evaluation methods and the substances used had been plastic, seaweeds, oat straw, rice straw , water hyacinth, timber sawdust, sawdust, microalgae.
Operating parameters for bio-oil production in biomass pyrolysis: A review
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2018
Highlights The interactions of the pyrolysis parameters can influence the pyrolysis mechanisms. Compositional variations in biomass modify composition and yield of pyrolysis oil. Temperature and the heating rate has a positive correlation with the bio-oil yield. Temperature is the parameter with more influence in pyrolysis process of biomass.
Bio-oil is a major product of biomass pyrolysis that could potentially be used in motor engines, boilers, furnaces and turbines for heat and power. Upon catalytic upgrading, bio-oils can be used as transportation fuels due to enhancement of their fuel properties. In this study, bio-oils produced from lignocellulosic biomasses such as wheat straw, timothy grass and pinewood were estimated through slow and high heating rate pyrolysis at 450 °C. The slow heating rate (2 °C/min) pyrolysis resulted in low bio-oil yields and high amount of biochars, whereas the high heating rate (450 °C/min) pyrolysis produced significant amount of bio-oils with reduced biochar yields. The physico-chemical and compositional analyses of bio-oils were achieved through carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur (CHNS) studies, calorific value, Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The yields of bio-oils produced from the three biomasses were 40-48 wt.% through high heating rate pyrolysis and 18-24 wt.% through slow heating rate pyrolysis. The chemical components identified in bio-oils were classified into five major groups such as organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and phenols. The percent intensities of hydrogen and carbon containing species were calculated from 1 H and 13 C-NMR. The study on bio-oils from herbaceous and woody biomasses revealed their potentials for fossil fuel substitution and bio-chemical production.
Effects of operational parameters on bio-oil production from biomass
Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 2019
In this study, the production of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of furniture sawdust, waste lubricating oil and their mixtures were investigated under certain operating conditions in the presence of lime and zeolites, by using a laboratory scale horizontal tubular reactor placed in a furnace. The main focus was to investigate the mutual effect of lime and commercial zeolite on the amount of the bio-oil production from furniture sawdust and waste lubricating oil. The selected operating parameters were pyrolysis temperatures and heating rate of 300°C and 650°C and flash heating or gradual heating rate (30°C/min). Additionally, three different additives were tested as catalysts; namely, lime (CaO), commercial zeolite (4A) and a natural zeolite (klinoptilolite). The amount of the produced bio-oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. The distribution of solid, liquid and gaseous products was determined for each operational condition. It was seen that the amount of th...
Investigation of biomass pyrolysis on non-catalytic process for bio-oil production
International Proceedings of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, 2012
In this study, we have focused on surveying the ability to produce liquid fuels (bio-oil) from biomass by pyrolysis method without catalyst. The influence of process parameters on the yield of liquid biomass fuels has been carried out. The results showed that the experimental conditions through a thermal pyrolysis with fixed bed and non-catalyst, recovery of bio-oil are depended on their parameters, such as: pyrolysis temperature, size of the biomass materials and partial pressure of nitrogen gas in environmental pyrolysis reaction. Effects of temperature impact significantly on the pyrolysis process. The maximum biooil production (liquid product) was achieved at 550 o C, the yield of gas product increases with increase in the reaction temperature, while residue product is inverted. On studying effluence of other parameters, the maximum bio-oil production was achieved at conditions: 0.354 mm to 0.5 mm of biomass size, 0.5ml/min of nitrogen gas flow rate and 7.5 o C/min of the heating rate. This result will be the basis for orientation of researching on the ability to produce bio-oil from biomass by pyrolysis method in next time.
Direct Liquefaction of Biomass
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2008
Reserves of fossil primary energy carriers are limited. Consequently liquid secondary energy carriers especially for mobile applications made from fossil reserves will not carry on forever but need to be replaced in a not-to-far future. Two substitution strategies are currently under investigation -the use of oil from plant seeds either directly or after chemical modification (biodiesel) or the gasification of complete plants, use of the product gases (mainly CO and H 2 ) in a Fischer-Tropsch process with subsequent refining. A third possible pathway would be the so-called direct liquefaction, i.e., the conversion of complete plants into liquid fuels without gasification. This process is discussed and various technical implementations are critically evaluated in the present paper.
Critical Analysis of Process Parameters for Bio-oil Production via Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Review
Recent Patents on Engineering
Since recent past the research on biodiesel production and processing has got high momentum as evidenced from the large number of publications and patents on the subject. Many novel and improved protocols based on chemical, physical, and biological approaches have been reported that addresses the critical issues related to biodiesel production, recovery, purification, and associated recovery of high valued secondary products. Biodiesel typically comprises lower alkyl fatty acid (chain length C 14-C 22) esters of short-chain alcohols, primarily, methanol or ethanol. Various methods, such as pyrolysis, micro-emulsification, ozonization, ultrasonication, and transesterification have been reported for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oil. Among these, transesterification is appeared as attractive and widely accepted technique. This transesterification is mostly done chemically or enzymatically using lipase as biocatalyst. Lipase catalysis has received increasing attention due to its certain advantages over the conventional chemical catalysis. However, poor operational stability and low focus on the application of lipase for the biodiesel production are some of the important obstructing factors that impede the progress of the enzyme-based process. In addition to the transesterification step, separation of the ester from the reaction mixture, purification of the ester and glycerol, maintenances of appropriate fuel quality standards of the biodiesel (or blend stocks) as per specification for the particular nation, storage and stabilization are ascribed as the critical steps having immense effect on the successful implementation of biodiesel production and processing. In this review, the authors emphasise the important patents developed in the last few years that contribute to mitigate the major technological challenges on biodiesel production and processing.