Papaya Leaf Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2023, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: This research was conducted to isolate the alkaloid carpaine by chromatography method and to determine it quantitatively by Thin Layer Chromatography Scanner. Methods: Dried leaves were macerated with ethanol 70% and fractionated with dichloromethane. Isolation of carpaine alkaloid from the dichloromethane fraction was carried out by column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography according to the Rf value in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) after exposure by Dragendorff reagent. Results: The content of carpaine alkaloid was 7.5 mg with Rf 0.58 and dichloromethane: methanol (9.2:0.8) as eluent. Validation showed the linearity (R2) 0.9988, the limit of detection(LOD) was 0.05 ppm, the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was 0.19 ppm, the recovery from 98.93-102.43%, and the % coefficient of variation was 0.16%. Conclusion: Carpaine alkaloid in papaya leaf extract was 10.52%.

2023, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: This research was conducted to isolate the alkaloid carpaine by chromatography method and to determine it quantitatively by Thin Layer Chromatography Scanner. Methods: Dried leaves were macerated with ethanol 70% and fractionated with dichloromethane. Isolation of carpaine alkaloid from the dichloromethane fraction was carried out by column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography according to the Rf value in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) after exposure by Dragendorff reagent. Results: The content of carpaine alkaloid was 7.5 mg with Rf 0.58 and dichloromethane: methanol (9.2:0.8) as eluent. Validation showed the linearity (R 2) 0.9988, the limit of detection(LOD) was 0.05 ppm, the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was 0.19 ppm, the recovery from 98.93-102.43%, and the % coefficient of variation was 0.16%. Conclusion: Carpaine alkaloid in papaya leaf extract was 10.52%.

2023, DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT

Remediation of the polluted environment has become a major concern in the 21st century. Because of its cost-benefit, ease of application, and efficacy towards the removal of pollutants, the adsorption technique has gained acceptance. In this study, adsorption kinetics of vanadium onto magnetized coal-polyaniline (MC-PANI) are investigated under batch experiments. Isotherms and kinetics are assessed using average relative error deviation, Marquardt's percent standard error deviation, the hybrid fractional error function, chi-square (χ 2), Spearman, and the sum of the squares of the errors (SSE). Comparing all of the error functions, nonlinear models explain the adsorption of vanadium better than linear models. According to the Boyd model, the adsorption of vanadium occurs in two stages. The maximum adsorption capacity of MC-PANI is 66.20 mg V/g (C 0 = 50 mg/L, pH = 5, dose = 1.5 g/L, T = 25°C). Based on Freundlich's dimensionless constant, which determines the driving force of adsorption, adsorption was less favored during the adsorption of vanadium; both amine and Fe 3 O 4 participated in the removal of vanadium through ligand or ion exchange.

2022, DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT

2022, Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly

Modified cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAA) with pentaazatetraethylene group (N5) was used as a chelating agent for the removal of Congo red (CR) and Calmagite (CG) as industrial dyes from aqueous solutions. The proposed adsorbent, PAA-N5, was prepared by transamidation reaction in aqueous and non-aqueous media by Hofmann reaction. All experimental conditions including adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH value, and initial dye concentration were optimized to get efficient removal of dyes. The removal of CR and CG is pH dependent and the optimum pH values for the maximum removal efficiencies were found to be 7.0. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of CR and CG on PAA-N5 was well fitted with the Langmuir model at 25°C and the maximum adsorption capacities were obtained for CR and CG to be 396.07 and 1980.1 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic adsorption rates were modeled using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle models. It was found that the intra-particle and pseudo-second order model were well fitted for CR and CG adsorption with highest correlation coefficients, respectively.

2021

Coins are an integral part of our life. Coins are used everywhere as in banks, grocery stores, supremarkets, buses, trains etc. So, there is an obvious need of coins to be automatically recognized and sorted by computers. The machines should be able to recognize coins properly as the further transactions would depend upon the accuracy of recognition. The coin recognition systems must be robust in the manner as they should be able to recognize coin images efficiently even if noise is present. Indian coin recognition system recognizes the Indian coins of denomination `1, `2, `5 and `10 with rotation invariance and classify them according to their worth. Performance of Indian coin recognition system is evaluated under noisy as well as noise free environment. Scanned images of Indian coins have used as input. After preprocessing, features are extracted from images using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and neural networks are used for classification. Median and wiener noise filters are ...

2021, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology

Precision agriculture is area with lack of cheap technology. The refinement of the production system brings large advantages to the producer and the use of images makes the monitoring a more cheap methodology. Macronutrients monitoring can to determine the health and vulnerability of the plant in specific stages. In this paper is analyzed the method based on computational intelligence to work with image segmentation in the identification of symptoms of plant nutrient deficiency. Artificial neural networks are evaluated for image segmentation and filtering, several variations of parameters and insertion impulsive noise were evaluated too. Satisfactory results are achieved with artificial neural for segmentation same with high noise levels.

2019, Journal of Cleaner Production

Higher education is a unique intellectual contributor to society’s efforts to achieve sustainability, through the practices of skills, consultancies, trainings, and exchange of knowledge. University researchers are the first alarms to alert the environmental challenges, and assist to spearhead a multidisciplinary of technical solutions. Malaysia, endowed with its rich natural resources and diversity recognizes the need to adopt a sound developmental framework to transform the country’s educational landscape into a high quality and excellent level. This policy forms the core strategies in moving Malaysia of meeting the needs of human resource development, and creates a pool of highly competent knowledgeable workers. In parallel to this development, both government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) continue to advocate national efforts to address environmental program for incorporating the sustainability of environmental literacy and conservation of ecosystems. The plan espouses the vision of building a strong and resilient, vibrant and competitive socio-economic development, for the maintenance of sound environmental conditions. The impetus to develop Education for Sustainable Development is accompanied by the integration of environmental protection rules, and boosted by the implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). With the aforementioned, the present work describes the historical evolution of environmental higher education in Malaysia. The fragmented policies, central government’s roles, and the concept of green campus are elucidated. Besides, the research breakthroughs and joint co-operations as an implementation arm for the promotion of public education and green technology are outlined.

2019, Desalination and Water Treatment

The use of low-cost adsorbent papaya leaf was investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing methylene blue dye (MB) from the aqueous solution. The adsorption equilibrium was determined as a function of contact time, initial adsorbatem concentration, and solution pH. The adsorptive uptake of MB increased with increasing the initial MB concentration and solution pH. The adsorption isotherms were correlated with a comparison of linear and nonlinear regression analysis. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best-fit for the adsorption of MB onto papaya leaf, with a maximum monolayer adsorp-tion capacity of 231.65 mg/g. This locally available adsorbent was found to be low cost and promising for the remediation of textile wastewater.

2017

Vegetables cultivation using hydroponic is becoming popular now days because of its irrigation and fertilizer efficiency. One type of vegetable which can be cultivated using hydroponic is green mustard (Brassica juncea L.) tosakan variety. This vegetable is harvested in the vegetative phase, approximately aged of 30 days after planting. In addition, during the vegetative phase, this plant requires more nitrogen for growth of vegetative organs. The lack of nitrogen will lead to slow growth and the leaves turn yellow. In this study, non-destructive technology was developed to identify nitrogen status through the image of green mustard leaf by using digital image processing and artificial neural network. The image processing method used was the color moment for color feature extraction, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for texture feature extraction and back propagation neural network to identify nitrogen status from the image of leaf. The input image data resulted from acquisition process was RGB color image which was converted to HSV. Prior to the color and texture feature extraction and texture, acquisition image was segmented and cropped to get the leaf image only. Next Step was to conduct training using back propagation neural network with two hidden layer combinations, 20,000 iteration epoch. Accuracy of the test results using those methods was 97.82%. The result indicates those three methods is reliable to identify nitrogen status in the leaf of green mustard.

2015

Precision agriculture is area with lack of cheap technology. The refinement of the production system brings large advantages to the producer and the use of images makes the monitoring a more cheap methodology. Macronutrients monitoring can to determine the health and vulnerability of the plant in specific stages. In this paper is analyzed the method based on computational intelligence to work with image segmentation in
the identification of symptoms of plant nutrient deficiency. Artificial neural networks are evaluated for image segmentation and filtering, several variations of parameters and insertion impulsive noise were evaluated too. Satisfactory results are achieved with artificial neural for segmentation same with high noise levels.

2014, British Biomedical Bulletin

Solvent leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa were evaluated for
their cytotoxic and their radical scavenging potential. Brine shrimp
assay was used for exploring cytotoxic activity, all the extracts
namely hexane, DCM, chloroform, acetone and methanol were
tested at the dose level of 25, 50, 100 and 200microgram /ml. A
dose dependent response was obtained in all the extracts.
Chloroform extract showed 100percent activity at the highest dose
of 200μg/ml. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by one
qualitative(TLC based) and two quantitative radical scavenging
assays namely DPPH (2, 2- Diphenyl-1- picryl hydrazyl) assay
and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. In both
assays acetone extract exhibited significant reduction of free
radicals. The IC50 value of acetone extract was 36.9μg/ml.
Ascorbic acid was used in these assays as reference compound.
FRAP value of acetone extract was found to be 6.73 much higher
than all the other extracts.