Spatial Economy Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

With recent imperatives in South Africa to align nodal development with urban networks, this dissertation adds to an understanding of economic factors influencing development. By identifying principles, relationships and factors that bear on the economic performance and impact of urban interventions, the study aims to contribute to an informed perspective that enable actors in the built environment to design and implement achievable visions that support sustainable growth. The research engages with transport orientated development,
factors influencing development, competitiveness of cities and locations, as well as the spatial economy, characterising the primary economic factors influencing the built environment. The research finds that users and firms guide the actions of developers, but their relationship is under considered and at times taken for granted. The current paradigm believes that good economics are a result of good urban interventions. This dissertation, however, views an interdependent system of cause and effect in which users and firms, as a sign of good economics, are an origin and result – they’re what we react to and plan for. If we understand this catalytic influence of users and firms in the context of spatial economic dynamics we can begin guiding city growth and addressing socio economic inefficiencies, a critical issue in post-Apartheid South Africa. With focus on transport orientated development in Cape Town, a proposed design intervention is rationalised on various scales according to principles drawn from the research. The site, in Mitchells Plain, is identified as a priority urban area to develop sustainable economic growth and address issues of inequity and inefficiency in the city of Cape Town.

The world's economic centre of gravity Recently, an analysis has been conducted on the world's economic centre of gravity (Economist 2012, Grether-Mathys 2010, Quah 2011). Our aim is to examine all the countries of the world's economic centre of gravity together, while examining the continents separately. In our study, the geometric centre of the area for all countries is weighted by nominal GDP obtained from the World Bank database for the years 1970–2014 (GDP data at current US $ market prices). Although this method can be problematic, particularly for wide-area countries, it can address the most important trends of spatial displacements. Here, we used the official map of Eurostat as a base map with ETRS89 projection. During the study, analyses on all the countries were carried out, while the continents were analysed separately (America, Africa, Asia [including Australia and Oceania], and Europe). In our model, Russia was considered as a part of Europe. In the model, changes in the country's borders related to influencing factors including the interpretation of the illustration on the gravitational movement trends were examined, and not just the fluctuations from one year to another. We illustrated each year for reasons of visibility, in the global study; however, in the case of continents, only a period of six years was taken into account. Globally, the economic centre of gravity moved from the northwest to the southeast, essentially without a significant overshoot. The movement from the

- by Regional Statistics and +1
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- Geography, Human Geography, Historical Geography, Social Geography

The aim of the study is evaluation of the spatial organization quality of the Old Town district in Mysłowice town, with using of the urban audit. This is a procedure with independent modules for data collection and processing for the revitalization programs preparation and for revitalization monitoring ex post also. Selected study area has a historical urban and architectural pattern and contemporary it characterized by the economic recession and progressive degradation of the urban tissue. To determine the scale of urban and functional degradation was used the form with researched features and spatial units with its point rates (from 0 to 3). The urban audit was made within all of the Old Town’s streets and squares and the final results was presented on map. The studies show that the district of administration and service center is the best maintained, and the highest degree of degradation is noted in north-west and south peripheries. Obtained results were also confirmed in an update of the Municipal Revitalization Program for the Mysłowice town

- by Studia Miejskie
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- Old Town, Spatial Economy, Urban Audit, Revitalization Processes
- by Bora Sayın
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- Data Mining, Geoinformatics, AI, Cluster Theory

The central cities are political, economic and cultural centers of a country or a region. And to make central cities playing a key role in the national economy is one of the most important task in Chinese urban economic development. The current uneven development in comparison with coastal ones is exhemplified by Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, a remote Western province in China, for reasons such as strategic as well as less developed manufacturing. Economic geography and determinants of regional disparities are listed versus new possibilities given by direct connection with the most modern China gateway cities to the world, particularly when, with the second decade of this millenium, the Chinese entrepreneurship can enter a true technology and innovation challenge with the more mature economies.

The need to move people and freight has driven China to develop by far the longest high-speed railway of the world and new lines will be completed in the next years. That of connecting the country and the Western regions via high- speed trains is a good and sustainable policy when it is viewed in the framework of a spatial economy where effective know-how spillover is facilitated by contacts, and peo- ple’s and corporate tacit knowledge is shared in a 3-4 hour distance range. As a matter of fact, codifed knowledge (such as that in patents) and contemporary IT communi- cations have proved to be insuffcient. A more geographically balanced development of the country is thus expected as demonstrated by the recent boom of Wuhan since the development in 2009 of a high-speed railway connection to Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta. Extended urban centers of the metropolises, where existing metro- networks are already integrated with the high speed ones, will further develop as well. Thus, a possible reduced economic gap among provinces would help to partially de- crease the current domestic migration fows, which are typically one-way movements. This should contribute to a more balanced urbanization process.

This paper explores the dynamics of spatial autocorrelation, which is present in most spatial data. Usually it is accounted for either in the error term and/or using other spatial econometric and statistic techniques. It can thus either be treated as a nuisance or substantive phenomenon. In contrast to studies focusing on including spatial effects in regression models, we explore actual changes in spatial autocorrelation over time. This offers a distinctive perspective. As a first step, it is useful to appraise the dynamics and relationships between time series data and the respective evolution of spatial autocorrelation. Then, to better understand whether trend-cycle and/or seasonal components have a role to play in explaining spatial autocorrelation, a time series decomposition can be applied. As a third step, it can be further explored if dynamics of spatial autocorrelation coincide with relevant factors such as favourable or unfavourable socio-economic trends and policy changes. We highlight different regional labor markets in Europe, which makes for an interesting exploration due to their diversity and policy relevance.

- by Solmaria Halleck Vega and +1
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- Spatial statistics (Mathematics), Spatial econometrics, Spatial Statistics, Spatial Econometrics (Economics)

The debate on the choice of the ideal spatial weights matrix (W) is long-standing in applied spatial statistics and econometrics. While some authors point out aspects related to possible misspecification from the choice of the wrong W, others suggest that there is little difference in practical and interpretation terms at least between geography-based spatial weights matrices. A particular difficulty in defining W may therefore emerge especially when it may imply spillovers based not only on geography, but also on socio-economic variables (for instance, differences in the endowment of amenities or industrial activity). Even when guessing correctly the factors behind W, defining the way they influence spillovers may be particularly difficult. To this aim, we propose an approach to defining W based on fuzzy logic, which allows to deal in a flexible way with its numerical specification. We set up Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate how a fuzzy W can approximate different types of spatial weights matrices, and in settings with spatial dependence of different strength, with particular reference to the estimation of the regression coefficients.

- by nooshin mahmoodi and +1
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- Fuzzy Logic, Spatial statistics (Mathematics), Spatial econometrics, Spatial Statistics

The present article raises the question of sustainable tourism in Poland and Slovakia, highlighting its significance, as well as its objectives and tasks. The situation of tourism in Poland is presented in relation to the issues of spatial economy, whereas Slovak example concentrates mainly on the importance of cultural heritage. Both interrelated aspects were considered crucial for the development of sustainable tourism. Pointing to the noticeably unsustainable character of modern tourism, the authors emphasized the urgent need to refer to ethical and axiological arguments in the process of implementing the principles of sustainable development and spatial order to tourism.

- by EMN CO
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- Fuzzy Logic, Spatial statistics (Mathematics), Spatial econometrics, Spatial Statistics

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the geographical diversification of financial instruments on capital markets. Using geographical diversification in order to create a more effective portfolio would enable investors to use such diversification as a risk mitigation tool. Free capital market data, available to everyone, were primarily used in the research. This study aims to examine geographical diversification and its effectiveness in different regions as well as their historical changes. Historical analysis is not possible in countries lacking developed capital market. A geographically diversified portfolio will result in efficiency gains over the long term. Furthermore, the use of regional and global capital market indexes can be an effective tool for geographic and geopolitical analysis of the relationships between countries and regions.

- by Regional Statistics
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- Finance, Geography, Human Geography, Economics

Typical building programs rest on assigning a certain amount of square footage per function or space type. Years of architectural research have concluded to some general attributes and characteristics that provide the groundwork for such an approach. Architects have been practicing this method, creating in many cases their own ‘interpretation’. While the aesthetics of their buildings differ significantly, every solution is closely related to the surface distribution and the design principles directed by the seminal work of Ernst Neufert.
This paper introduces the concept of the "Dynamic Building Program" as a tool to address the aforementioned issues and moreover to include time as a factor that can greatly affect the spatial requirements of any building program. This new method regards human activity as a basic component, based on the fact that it has scarcely been noted to present an 'average'. Since the surface and volume requirements within a structure are changing over time, the qualities a building must uphold could not be secured through a single value as time passes by (day or season). Manifested through a digital application, the presented process is controlled by the designers and allows them to identify the critical parameters for their scheme, to follow them in time and to create a visual representation of how the building program requirements change over time. The application incorporates all the parameters that affect a building both quantitatively and qualitatively and simulates their fluctuations based on the designer’s observations and input.
The capabilities provided by contemporary software development tools removed quite a bit of the complexity involved in the study of diverse spatial characteristics and relationships, and provided a fertile ground for including parameters such as "People’s presence," "Type of activity" and "Related activity spaces." Each parameter can be given a range of values that affect the overall requirements and change the representation accordingly. An increase in the number of people that perform an intensive task, for example, requires more surface for functional reasons and either a larger volume or bigger openings to facilitate ventilation. The proposed application was designed in such a way so that after inserting the proper input, it produces an animation that reveals to the designers the spatial and temporal fluctuations and especially the critical deviations that highlight the necessity for a transformable building. The Dynamic Building Program is an enhancement of the traditional method and while useful for every architect it is essential for the design of an adaptable structure which can actively and successfully address the time-related issues.

- by Konstantinos-Alketas Oungrinis and +1
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- Architecture, Activity Based Design, Spatial Economy, Dynamic Building Program