Rosh Ha Nikra
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Rosh Ha Nikra
One of the most famous places in Israel, of course, Rosh Ha Nikra.
Roche-a Nikra - it rocks in the Cretaceous rocks of the Mediterranean coast of the Upper Galilee near the border of Israel with Lebanon, imbued with labyrinths and grottoes crevices filled with sea water and formed as a result of geological, and biological processes, and as a result of continuous exposure of sea waves soft rock cliffs.
Since time immemorial, and the Cape of Roche-Nikra was an important crossroads on which to follow and trade caravans, and armies of countries like the northern culture (Lebanon, Syria) and the southern culture (Israel, Egypt, Africa).
After the Arab conquest of the place was renamed the A-Navkir ( "Grotto"). The current name, and Roche-Nikra, gebraizirovanny is a more recent version of the Arabic name, Ras-a-Naqoura.
Here, in 701 BC, from the Tire in the Land of Israel, the army was Sanheriba.
It is generally accepted that on the orders of Alexander the Great (323 BC) there was a tunnel, where his army went after the siege of the Tire, the same way the army went into Selevkidov and Ptolemy II and III century BC as well as the Crusaders in 1099 AD
There is documentary evidence and pictures of pilgrims at depicting stages, carved in the rock to facilitate the life of travelers.
The first road was built here by English military engineer during the First World War.
During the British Mandate, there was laid a convenient way, for both traders and private individuals.
There have also been set up border posts and customs.
During the Second World War, the British are paved rail tunnel of 250 meters and built a bridge in the construction of the railway Haifa - Beirut - Tripoli.
With the aim to unite the Lebanese and the local rail system, providing a continuous route from Egypt through Sinai, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey to Europe - for the transport of troops and weapons.
This project was made possible to carry out no earlier than summer 1941, after the fallen French Vichy government, whose authority extends to Lebanon.
There is a second tunnel, the entrance to which is visible on the north side of the mountain. This tunnel is part of Lebanon and leads to the third tunnel, which is entirely on Lebanese territory.
The bridge and tunnels were built a British army engineer, originally from Australia and South Africa.
The construction of the entire system took less than a year, and already 24 Aug, 1942 began transporting troops and military cargo.
Illegal immigrants (a-apala "), at least part of them, used this tunnel to escape from Nazi persecution to enter Eretz Yisrael. In 1947, the British were going to put on the line, passenger trains, but it never materialized.
At the end of the 1947 war for independence started in Israel and the Western Galilee were cut off from the rest of the country.
There were fears that the Arabs can take the railway to deliver in the country, specifically in the area of Haifa, volunteers and weapons from Lebanon.
On the night of 14 March 1948, in the rain and under cover of darkness, subversive group of units of the "Caramel", belonging to the "Baku", entered the tunnel under the very nose of the British police (on the ground, then the police station is now in a youth hotel) and blew up the western part of the bridge.
After the British withdrew from their police, the whole area came under Israeli control.
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