Snoring: Causes, remedies, and treatment (original) (raw)
Snoring occurs when a person’s upper airway tissue vibrates, making them breathe noisily as they sleep. Tips for stopping snoring range from sleeping on your side to surgery.
Snoring is often not thought to be a serious health concern, and home remedies may reduce it. If these do not work, medical treatment may be available.
Sometimes snoring indicates a more serious health problem. If it becomes disruptive or a person has other symptoms, it is best to see a doctor.
During waking hours, the tissues in the throat and upper airway are open, and air enters the lungs easily for most people.
During sleep, the soft tissues and tongue relax. This can partially block the airway. If the air coming in and out of the airway meets resistance, vibration can occur, causing snoring.
Factors that can lead to snoring include:
- smoking
- drinking alcohol
- using depressants or other muscle relaxants
- sleeping on your back
- congestion from a cold or allergy
- a deviated septum or other structural features
- being middle-aged
- being male
- pregnancy
- genetic characteristics that affect the structure of the mouth and throat
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, around 40% of adult males and 24% of adult females snore regularly.
Snoring is more common during middle age, while males aged over 70 years are less likely to snore than younger males.
Research also suggests that people who snore are more likely to have:
- obesity
- stress
- low levels of high-density lipoprotein, or “good” cholesterol
These factors all increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, experts do not know what exact role snoring plays in these conditions or whether they are a cause or an effect.
Sleep apnea
Snoring is a symptom of sleep apnea. A person who experiences this condition may appear to stop breathing for a while as they sleep, then make choking or gasping sounds.
There are two types:
- Obstructive sleep apnea involves a structural blockage. This type of sleep apnea often has links with snoring.
- Central sleep apnea is due to a problem with the central nervous system that controls breathing. This type of sleep apnea is not associated with snoring.
Apart from loud snoring, a person with sleep apnea may also experience:
- daytime sleepiness
- insomnia
- morning headaches
- difficulty concentrating or remembering things
- irritability
- low libido, or sex drive
Some research suggests that approximately 50% of people with hypertension may have sleep apnea. Experts also believe that sleep apnea contributes to high blood pressure.
Several home remedies may help with snoring.
Avoiding alcohol and sedating medications
Drugs that act as depressants or sedatives aim to relax muscles, which can lead to snoring. Alcohol also acts as a depressant.
People should only use prescription or over-the-counter sleep aids under the guidance of a doctor.
Relieving nasal obstruction
Nasal congestion is often due to inflammation. Medicines and other techniques can help reduce congestion and inflammation.
They include:
- nasal strips
- corticosteroid and moisturizing nasal sprays
- antihistamines
- a room humidifier
Changing sleep positions
Sleeping position may affect snoring. A person who sleeps on their back can cause their tongue to relax and block the airway.
Alternative sleeping positions and methods to try include:
- sleeping on your side
- raising the head of the bed by a few inches
- using an anti-snore pillow to improve neck position
Another tip is to sew a tennis ball or other soft object in the back of a person’s sleep shirt. This might help prevent rolling over to the back sleeping position. There are also positional sleepers available online to help a person avoid sleeping on their back.
Weight management
In a person with obesity, fat tissue can surround and narrow the airway, obstructing the airflow, which can lead to snoring.
Maintaining a moderate weight may reduce the risk of snoring.
Oral appliances
A custom-fitted oral appliance, similar to a retainer or mouth guard, may help keep the airway open by moving the tongue and jaw slightly forward.
A specially trained dentist can design this device for a person.
Throat exercises
Research suggests that throat exercises may help strengthen throat muscles and prevent them from collapsing during sleep in some people. However, the study results are mild and inconsistent, while practitioners cannot agree on what these standardized exercises should be.
Here are examples of exercises that some experts recommend:
- Repeating each vowel (“a, e, i, o, u”) out loud several times a day for 3 minutes.
- Closing your mouth and pursing your lips, and holding this for 30 seconds.
- Opening your mouth and tightening the muscle at the back of the throat for 30 seconds. Repeat several times.
- Making a vowel sound intermittently and then continuously for 3 minutes each day.
- Putting the tip of the tongue behind the top front teeth, and then sliding the tongue backward. Do this for 3 minutes every day.
- Pushing the tongue against the roof of the mouth for 3 minutes each day.
- Pressing the tongue into the bottom of the mouth while keeping the tip against the front teeth for 3 minutes a day.
- Opening the mouth and moving the jaw to one side. Hold for 30 seconds, then repeat on the other side.
A person will need to practice these exercises consistently and regularly to see results.
Quitting smoking
Tobacco smoke is an irritant that can result in tissue inflammation. The upper airway is a narrow passage, so even small amounts of inflammation can restrict airflow.
Quitting smoking can help reduce this risk and lower the likelihood of other diseases and conditions.
Following good sleep hygiene practices
Develop a good sleep hygiene program by getting consistent sleep on a comfortable bed, in a dark, cool room. Experts link inadequate sleep with weight gain, which can lead to snoring.
Where possible, follow these tips for getting a good night’s sleep:
- ensuring the bed is comfortable
- making sure the room is cool and quiet
- using blinds or heavy curtains to restrict outside light
- sticking to a regular sleeping and waking schedule, even on weekends
- avoiding screen time before sleeping
- avoiding eating large meals and drinking fluids close to bedtime
- taking part in exercise, but not within 2–3 hours of bedtime
- avoiding caffeine and nicotine
- keeping smartphones and other devices outside the room
If a person’s snoring or sleep apnea is severe, a doctor may suggest treatment alongside lifestyle measures.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
This is the first-line treatment for people with obstructive sleep apnea. A person wears a specialized mask during sleep that delivers pressurized air.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may help resolve severe snoring. Several options are available for people with snoring or sleep apnea, but results are often difficult to predict and less robust than CPAP.
- Palatal implants, which involve inserting small fiber rods into the soft palate to stiffen loose tissue.
- Septoplasty can help straighten a deviated nasal septum.
- Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty removes excess tissue from the soft palate and uvula.
- Radiofrequency stiffens loose tissue in and around the throat and tongue.
- Genioglossus advancement involves moving the tongue attachment forward to allow for more breathing space.
There are risks with all types of surgery, so it should be a last resort.
Heavy snoring and sleep apnea can disrupt sleep, leading to fatigue and difficulty concentrating. A lack of sleep can also increase the risk of some mental health issues.
If a person experiences severe snoring, especially with other symptoms, they may wish to seek medical advice.
A medical professional or dental specialist can help determine any underlying causes, and they may suggest ways of stopping or reducing snoring.
Snoring occurs due to the airway tissues vibrating during sleep. It can occur for various reasons.
Snoring may indicate a medical condition. It can also lead to embarrassment and can disrupt the sleep of the person and other nearby partners or people.
A doctor may advise a person on how to reduce their snoring.