original ) (raw )
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 37' 53'' North , 140° 25' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:2176:3
A copper and gold mine, closed in 1966.
2.5 wt% Cu
The Arakawa area includes four base-metal deposits (Arakawa, Miyatamata, Hisaichi, and Kisamori) and several mineral prospects. These deposits comprise more than 30 Cu-bearing quartz veins, which are distributed across an area extending about 8 km from east to west and about 5 km from north to south. The Arakawa and Miyatamata deposits are major deposits that together comprise about 26 sub-parallel veins. Most of these veins strike N20°–60°E and dip 60°–90° to either the east or west.
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz
Chemical Elements
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
29 valid minerals.
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Alphabetical List Tree Diagram
Entries shown in red are rocks recorded for this region.
ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)Localities: Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167 Satori, Shota; Kon, Yoshiaki; Watanabe, Yasushi; Ogata, Takeyuki; Echigo, Takuya; Aoki, Shogo (2025) Contribution of magma mixing to hydrothermal Cu mineralization: Evidence from the Arakawa area, Akita, Japan. Ore Geology Reviews , 186. 106862 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106862
ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167 Satori, Shota; Kon, Yoshiaki; Watanabe, Yasushi; Ogata, Takeyuki; Echigo, Takuya; Aoki, Shogo (2025) Contribution of magma mixing to hydrothermal Cu mineralization: Evidence from the Arakawa area, Akita, Japan. Ore Geology Reviews , 186. 106862 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106862
ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2Localities: Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Chamosite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Localities: Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuSReferences: Rocks & Minerals 81:296-300
ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2OReferences: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Formula: Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2OReferences: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Galena Formula: PbSLocalities: Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Hatsuishi deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3Localities: Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Hessite Formula: Ag2TeReferences: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ 'Limonite' References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2References: Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2Localities: Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Matildite Formula: AgBiS2References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Native Copper Formula: CuReferences: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Pavonite Formula: AgBi3S5References: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2Localities: Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Hatsuishi deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2Localities: Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Hatsuishi deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Kanayamazawa deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2References: Sadanaga, Ryoichi, Bunno, Michiaki (1974) The Wakabayashi Mineral Collection. Bulletin 7. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnSLocalities: Hatsuishi deposit, Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan Arakawa Mine, Kyohwa, Semboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan
ⓘ Tetradymite Formula: Bi2Te2SReferences: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Tsumoite Formula: BiTeReferences: Arribas, Antonio, Mizuta, Toshio (2018) Potential for Porphyry Copper Deposits in Northern Tōhoku (or the Exploration Potential for Base and Precious Metal Deposits in Japan 2020) Resource Geology , 68 (2) 144-163 doi:10.1111/rge.12167
ⓘ Veszelyite Formula: (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2OReferences: Wakabayashi and Komada (1921) Journal of the Geological Society Tokyo: 28: 191 Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ Native Copper 1.AA.05
Cu
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ Hessite 2.BA.60
Ag2Te
ⓘ Covellite 2.CA.05a
CuS
ⓘ Sphalerite 2.CB.05a
ZnS
ⓘ Chalcopyrite 2.CB.10a
CuFeS2
ⓘ Galena 2.CD.10
PbS
ⓘ Bismuthinite 2.DB.05
Bi2S3
ⓘ Tetradymite 2.DC.05
Bi2Te2S
ⓘ Tsumoite 2.DC.05
BiTe
ⓘ Pyrite 2.EB.05a
FeS2
ⓘ Marcasite 2.EB.10a
FeS2
ⓘ Pavonite 2.JA.05a
AgBi3S5
ⓘ Matildite 2.JA.20
AgBiS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ Cuprite 4.AA.10
Cu2O
ⓘ Hematite 4.CB.05
Fe2O3
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst 4.DA.05
SiO2
ⓘ 4.DA.05
SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ Calcite 5.AB.05
CaCO3
ⓘ Aragonite 5.AB.15
CaCO3
ⓘ Azurite 5.BA.05
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ Malachite 5.BA.10
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ Baryte 7.AD.35
BaSO4
ⓘ Brochantite 7.BB.25
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Linarite 7.BC.65
PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘ Cyanotrichite 7.DE.10
Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ Veszelyite 8.DE.30
(Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ Epidote 9.BG.05a
(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Muscovite 9.EC.15
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ var. Sericite 9.EC.15
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Chamosite 9.EC.55
(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘ Chrysocolla 9.ED.20
Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' -
ⓘ 'Limonite' -
ⓘ 'Apatite' -
Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
H
Hydrogen
H
ⓘ Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
H
ⓘ Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
H
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
H
ⓘ Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
H
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
H
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
H
ⓘ Linarite PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
H
ⓘ Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
H
ⓘ Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H
ⓘ Veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
H
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
C
Carbon
C
ⓘ Aragonite CaCO3
C
ⓘ Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
C
ⓘ Calcite CaCO3
C
ⓘ Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
O
Oxygen
O
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst SiO2
O
ⓘ Aragonite CaCO3
O
ⓘ Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
O
ⓘ Baryte BaSO4
O
ⓘ Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
O
ⓘ Calcite CaCO3
O
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
O
ⓘ Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
O
ⓘ Cuprite Cu2O
O
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
O
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
O
ⓘ Hematite Fe2O3
O
ⓘ Linarite PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
O
ⓘ Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
O
ⓘ Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O
ⓘ Quartz SiO2
O
ⓘ Veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
O
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
F
Fluorine
F
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Mg
Magnesium
Mg
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Al
Aluminium
Al
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Al
ⓘ Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Al
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Al
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Al
ⓘ Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si
Silicon
Si
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst SiO2
Si
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Si
ⓘ Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Si
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Si
ⓘ Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si
ⓘ Quartz SiO2
Si
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
P
Phosphorus
P
ⓘ Veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
P
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
S
Sulfur
S
ⓘ Baryte BaSO4
S
ⓘ Bismuthinite Bi2S3
S
ⓘ Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite CuFeS2
S
ⓘ Covellite CuS
S
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
S
ⓘ Galena PbS
S
ⓘ Linarite PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
S
ⓘ Marcasite FeS2
S
ⓘ Matildite AgBiS2
S
ⓘ Pavonite AgBi3S5
S
ⓘ Pyrite FeS2
S
ⓘ Sphalerite ZnS
S
ⓘ Tetradymite Bi2Te2S
Cl
Chlorine
Cl
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
K
Potassium
K
ⓘ Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Ca
Calcium
Ca
ⓘ Aragonite CaCO3
Ca
ⓘ Calcite CaCO3
Ca
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ca
ⓘ Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fe
Iron
Fe
ⓘ Chalcopyrite CuFeS2
Fe
ⓘ Chamosite (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Fe
ⓘ Epidote (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Fe
ⓘ Hematite Fe2O3
Fe
ⓘ Marcasite FeS2
Fe
ⓘ Pyrite FeS2
Cu
Copper
Cu
ⓘ Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cu
ⓘ Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cu
ⓘ Chalcopyrite CuFeS2
Cu
ⓘ Chrysocolla Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cu
ⓘ Covellite CuS
Cu
ⓘ Cuprite Cu2O
Cu
ⓘ Cyanotrichite Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Cu
ⓘ Native Copper Cu
Cu
ⓘ Linarite PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Cu
ⓘ Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu
ⓘ Veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
Zn
Zinc
Zn
ⓘ Sphalerite ZnS
Zn
ⓘ Veszelyite (Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O
Ag
Silver
Ag
ⓘ Hessite Ag2Te
Ag
ⓘ Matildite AgBiS2
Ag
ⓘ Pavonite AgBi3S5
Te
Tellurium
Te
ⓘ Hessite Ag2Te
Te
ⓘ Tetradymite Bi2Te2S
Te
ⓘ Tsumoite BiTe
Ba
Barium
Ba
ⓘ Baryte BaSO4
Pb
Lead
Pb
ⓘ Galena PbS
Pb
ⓘ Linarite PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
Bi
Bismuth
Bi
ⓘ Bismuthinite Bi2S3
Bi
ⓘ Matildite AgBiS2
Bi
ⓘ Pavonite AgBi3S5
Bi
ⓘ Tetradymite Bi2Te2S
Bi
ⓘ Tsumoite BiTe
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., Watanabe, Y. (2007) Mineral Resources Map of East Asia , Geological Survey of Japan.
