Gadolinite-(Ce) (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

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About Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Formula:

(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10

Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named for its relationship to gadolinite-(Y), but with cerium as the dominant rare earth element. Gadolinite honors Johan Gadolin (5 June 1760, Turku, Finland - 15 August 1852, Mynämäki, Finland), chemist, physicist, and mineralogist.

The cerium analogue of Gadolinite-(Y) and Gadolinite-(Nd).
At the type locality, gadolinite-(Ce) often occurs with an orange or yellow alteration rim (up to 0.5 mm).

The Italian occurrences of gadolinite-(Ce) are not probed by analyses and most correctly they should be classified as "gadolinite" (s.l.).

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1627:4

bea40de9-1e6b-4185-8bcd-93c6a2ef2b87

IMA Classification of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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IMA Formula:

Ce2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2

Type description reference:

Classification of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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9.AJ.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4

54.2.1b.2

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination

14.3.24

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
3 : Silicates of Be

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Gad-Ce IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Gad Siivolam & Schmid (2007) Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download

Physical Properties of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Comment:

Olive green in thin sections

Density:

4.20 g/cm3 (Measured)

Optical Data of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.780 _n_β = 1.800 _n_γ = 1.810

Birefringence:

mid-2nd order birefringence

δ = 0.030

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Comments:

pale yellow-green in thin section

Comments:

The mineral is reported in numerous sources as "isotropic" with n = 1.78, but as the mineral is monoclinic, this observation was clearly done on metamict material. This assertion appears to derive from an observation on material only from Skien, Norway (Segalstad & Larsen, 1978). In contrast to the Norwegian sample, gadolinite-(Ce) from the Malmkärra mine, Norberg, Sweden is U-free and Th-free and is non-metamict. This material shows normal anisotropic optical properties consistent with a monoclinic symmetry (non-zero birefringence; biaxial nature).

Note that in the absence of measured R.I. data for anisotropic gadolinite-(Ce), the listed R.I. values above are those of the analogous species gadolinite-(Nd) (but no estimate of errors is attempted). However, these values nonetheless successfully reproduce the observed birefringence and 2V° of the Malmkärra mine gadolinite-(Ce). Not unexpectedly, the overall optical properties of non-metamict gadolinite-(Ce) appear to be largely comparable to those of gadolinite-(Nd).

Chemistry of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Mindat Formula:

(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10

Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.

Crystallography of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.8973 Å, b = 7.6282 Å, c = 4.7505 Å
β = 90.416°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.297 : 1 : 0.623

Unit Cell V:

358.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Space group P2/c was determined for material heated at 700oC

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
6.06 Å (42)
3.74 Å (37)
3.44 Å (34)
3.13 Å (86)
2.85 Å (100)
2.56 Å (46)
2.21 Å (33)
1.976 Å (30)

Comments:

Spacings for the material hydrothermally recrystallized at 700oC: 2.88 (100), 4.81 (90), 2.60 (80), 2.59 (80), 3.18 (70), 3.00 (70), and 3.59 (60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Black irregular masses up to 20 mm in matrix.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineralogical-Geological Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, number 21325.

Chemical Analysis of Type Material:

SiO2 22.99 %
BeO 8.83 %
Al2O3 0.02 %
B2O3 0.55 %
TiO2 0.25 %
FeO 10.65 %
MnO 1.89 %
MgO 0.33 %
CaO 2.15 %
Na2O 0.11 %
K2O 0.52 %
Y2O3 14.82 %
La2O3 9.07 %
Ce2O3 15.55 %
Total: 87.73 %

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Segalstad, T. V. & Larsen, A. O. (1978): Gadolinite-(Ce) from Skien, southwestern Oslo Region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63: 188-195

Synonyms of Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Other Language Names for Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Simplified Chinese:硅铍铈矿

Traditional Chinese:矽鈹鈰礦

Relationship of Gadolinite-(Ce) to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Calcybeborosilite-(Y) (Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 Mon.
Gadolinite-(Nd) Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Gadolinite-(Y) Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Ce) (Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Nd) Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Minasgeraisite-(Y) (Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 Tric. 1 : _P_1
Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) (Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 Mon. 2/m

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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9.AJ. Hingganite-(Nd) Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ. Arrheniusite-(Ce) CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.05 Grandidierite (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.05 Ominelite (Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Dumortierite Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Holtite (Ta0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a
9.AJ.10 Magnesiodumortierite Mg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Nioboholtite (Nb0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c m
9.AJ.10 Titanoholtite (Ti0.75◻0.25)Al6BSi3O18 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c m
9.AJ.15 Garrelsite Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
9.AJ.20 Muromontite near Be2FeY2Si3O12
9.AJ.20 Datolite CaB(SiO4)(OH) Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Gadolinite-(Y) Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Ce) (Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Homilite Ca2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Melanocerite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) Hex.
9.AJ.20 Minasgeraisite-(Y) (Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.AJ.20 Calcybeborosilite-(Y) (Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 Mon.
9.AJ.20 Gadolinite-(Nd) Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) (Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.25 Stillwellite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 Trig. 3 : _P_31
9.AJ.30 Cappelenite-(Y) Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2 Trig. 3 : _P_3
9.AJ.35 Okanoganite-(Y) (Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Vicanite-(Ce) (Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Hundholmenite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Proshchenkoite-(Y) Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Laptevite-(Ce) Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.40 Jadarite LiNaSiB3O7(OH) Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

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Thermal Behaviour:

DTA shows a broad and indistinct exotherm at about 250-350 °C and a large exotherm at 790 °C grading into a smaller exotherm at 8l0 °C.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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Reference List:

Bačík, Peter, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Atencio, Daniel, Cámara, Fernando, Fridrichová, Jana (2017) Nomenclature of the gadolinite supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (6) 1067-1082 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2659

Localities for Gadolinite-(Ce)Hide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Gastein Böckstein ⓘ Municipal quarry (Dick quarry) Wittern A.
Zell am See District Bramberg am Wildkogel Nasenkopf mountain Leckbachgraben ⓘ Emerald deposit Exel (1993)
Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Bad Harzburg Radau valley ⓘ Gabbro Quarry
Italy
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Monte Cavalluccio Thorne (n.d.)
Viterbo Province ⓘ Vetralla ?
ⓘ Villa San Giovanni in Tuscia ? Carlini
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baveno Oltrefiume Mount Camoscio ⓘ Locatelli quarry ? Grill (1935)
ⓘ Seula mine ? Pezzotta et al. (1999)
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) Pfitsch (Val di Vizze) Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo) Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch) ⓘ Rinnerlahner ? Folie et al. (2010)
Mozambique
Zambezia Province ⓘ Alto Ligonha Pegmatite Field Wilson et al. (2000)
Norway
Telemark Porsgrunn Auenlandet ⓘ Auen Quarry (Blue Pearl Quarry) Larsen et al. (2010)
Bjørkedalen ⓘ Buer (TL) Segalstad et al. (1978)
ⓘ Kjølsrød Knut Eldjarn
Langangen Kokkersvold - Blåfjell E18 roadcuts ⓘ Blåfjell (E18 roadcuts) Larsen et al. (1981, June) +1 other reference
ⓘ Chiavennite dike Raade et al. (1983)
ⓘ Ferrochiavennite dike Grice et al. (2013)
Vestfold Larvik Hedrum Lågendalen ⓘ Bratthagen 1 Larsen et al. (1992)
Malerød ⓘ Midtfjellet Quarry Andresen (2011)
ⓘ Vardåsen Quarry Larsen et al. (2010)
Tjølling Håkestad ⓘ Håkestad Quarry Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
Klåstad ⓘ Klåstad Quarry Hansen (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ Skallist Quarry ? Berge (n.d.)
Stålaker ⓘ Stålaker Quarry Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
Tvedalen ⓘ Almenningen Quarry (Treschow-Fritzøe Quarry) Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
ⓘ Bjørndalen Quarry (Lundhs labrador) Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
ⓘ Blåbærmyr Quarry
ⓘ Østskogen Quarry Collection of Peter Andresen.
ⓘ Saga Pearl Quarry Berge (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tuften Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
ⓘ A/S Granit Quarry ? Andresen (2013)
ⓘ Vevja Quarry Larsen et al. (1981, June) +1 other reference
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Peshawar District Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri ⓘ Zagi Mountain RUFF
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County Szklarska Poręba ⓘ Szklarska Poręba Huta granite quarry Evans et al. (2018)
Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Kyshtym ⓘ Mochalin Log Kasatkin et al. (2020)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Khibiny Massif ...
Kukisvumchorr Mt East slope ⓘ Tuliok River head European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (2007)
Sweden
Västmanland County Norberg ⓘ Johanna mine Nysten et al. (2006)
ⓘ Malmkärra Mine Nysten et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Röberg ore field ⓘ Östanmossa mine Nysten et al. (2006)
Skinnskatteberg Riddarhyttan ⓘ Bastnäs Mines Öhman et al. (2005) +1 other reference
USA
Colorado Jefferson County Clear Creek pegmatite Province ⓘ Roscoe Beryl Mine (Roscoe pegmatite) Hanley et al. (1950) +1 other reference
South Platte Pegmatite Mining District ⓘ Dazie Bell claim Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ White Cloud pegmatite Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Idaho Ream (2004)
New Hampshire Grafton County Bethlehem ⓘ North Sugarloaf Mountain locality Smith (2005) +1 other reference
Washington Okanogan County Golden Horn Batholith ⓘ Washington Pass Metamict crystal identified by XRD after annealing at 700° for 48 hours by John Attard et al. (Ce)