Gadolinite-(Y) (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.

Colour:

Black, greenish-black, brown

Specific Gravity:

4.36 - 4.77

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in honor of Johan Gadolin (5 June 1760, Turku, Finland - 15 August 1852, Mynämäki, Finland), chemist, physicist, and mineralogist. He discovered what would be the element yttrium, the first rare earth discovered. The "-(Y)" suffix was added in 1987 and is for to the predominance of yttrium as the REE in the composition.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1628:1

c1928e53-6d45-4b70-aed3-e345d7f16b64

IMA Classification of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Y2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2

Classification of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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9.AJ.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4

54.2.1b.3

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination

14.3.23

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
3 : Silicates of Be

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Gad-Y IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Gad Siivolam & Schmid (2007) Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download

Physical Properties of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Colour:

Black, greenish-black, brown

Fracture:

Splintery, Conchoidal

Density:

4.36 - 4.77 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.770 _n_β = 1.790 _n_γ = 1.820

δ = 0.050

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Dispersion:

r > v distinct

Chemistry of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Mindat Formula:

Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10

Often slightly radioactive due to minor U and/or Th contents; therefore often metamict.

Crystallography of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.000(2) Å, b = 7.565(2) Å, c = 4.768(1) Å
β = 90.31(2)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.322 : 1 : 0.63

Unit Cell V:

360.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic, massive

Crystal StructureHide

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0000960 Gadolinite-(Y) Miyawaki R, Nakai I, Nagashima K (1984) A refinement of the crystal structure of gadolinite American Mineralogist 69 948-953 1984 0 293
0004599 Gadolinite-(Y) Camara F, Oberti R, Ottolini L, Ventura G D, Bellatreccia F (2008) The crystal chemistry of Li in gadolinite American Mineralogist 93 996-1004 2008 Vico lake, Latium, Italy 0 293
0005286 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 Moos, Rauris, Austria 0 293
0005287 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 Beura, Ossola, Italy 0 293
0005288 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 Val Nalps, Switzerland 0 293
0005289 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 "Strada", Val Vigezzo, Italy 0 293
0005290 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 "Bosco", Val Vigezzo, Italy 0 293
0005291 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 Monte Bassetta, Val Vigezzo, Italy 0 293
0005292 Gadolinite-(Y) Demartin F, Pilati T, Diella V, Gentile P, Gramaccioli C M (1993) A crystal-chemical investigation of alpine gadolinite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 127-136 1993 Glogstafelberg, Val Formazza, Italy 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
2.818 Å (100)
2.816 Å (100)
4.735 Å (80)
2.932 Å (70)
2.558 Å (60)
2.539 Å (55)
3.118 Å (50)

Comments:

Synthetic. The data are from Ito and Hafner (1974).

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Granites and alkalic granitic pegmatites

Type Occurrence of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Synonyms of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Other Language Names for Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Simplified Chinese:硅铍钇矿

Traditional Chinese:矽鈹釔礦

Varieties of Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Calciogadolinite-(Y) A Ca-dominant gadolinite. Although Ca dominates over any individual REE, the current site dominance rules do not allow for species status because trivalent elements (mostly REE) dominate over total divalent elements (mostly Ca) on the site.

Relationship of Gadolinite-(Y) to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Calcybeborosilite-(Y) (Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 Mon.
Gadolinite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m
Gadolinite-(Nd) Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Ce) (Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Nd) Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
Minasgeraisite-(Y) (Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 Tric. 1 : _P_1
Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) (Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 Mon. 2/m

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

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9.AJ. Hingganite-(Nd) Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ. Arrheniusite-(Ce) CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.05 Grandidierite (Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.05 Ominelite (Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Dumortierite Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Holtite (Ta0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a
9.AJ.10 Magnesiodumortierite Mg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.AJ.10 Nioboholtite (Nb0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c m
9.AJ.10 Titanoholtite (Ti0.75◻0.25)Al6BSi3O18 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c m
9.AJ.15 Garrelsite Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
9.AJ.20 Muromontite near Be2FeY2Si3O12
9.AJ.20 Datolite CaB(SiO4)(OH) Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Gadolinite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Ce) (Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Homilite Ca2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Melanocerite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) Hex.
9.AJ.20 Minasgeraisite-(Y) (Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4 Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.AJ.20 Calcybeborosilite-(Y) (Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2 Mon.
9.AJ.20 Gadolinite-(Nd) Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.AJ.20 Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y)) (Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2 Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.25 Stillwellite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 Trig. 3 : _P_31
9.AJ.30 Cappelenite-(Y) Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2 Trig. 3 : _P_3
9.AJ.35 Okanoganite-(Y) (Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Vicanite-(Ce) (Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Hundholmenite-(Y) (Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Proshchenkoite-(Y) Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.35 Laptevite-(Ce) Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
9.AJ.40 Jadarite LiNaSiB3O7(OH) Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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Reference List:

Camara, F., Oberti, R., Ottolini, L., Ventura, G. D., Bellatreccia, F. (2008): The crystal chemistry of Li in gadolinite. American Mineralogist, 93, 996-1004.

Bačík, Peter, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Atencio, Daniel, Cámara, Fernando, Fridrichová, Jana (2017) Nomenclature of the gadolinite supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (6) 1067-1082 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2659

Localities for Gadolinite-(Y)Hide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
Tucumán Province Tafí del Valle Department Colalao del Valle Cerro Lomas Coloradas San Fenancio Mine R. J. Tauber Larry (2013)
Australia
Western Australia Port Hedland Shire Abydos Station Pinga Creek pegmatite field Simpson (1928) +1 other reference
Austria
Carinthia Villach Markogel Granite quarry Bojar (2024)
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Gastein Böckstein Moos Strasser (1989)
Municipal quarry (Dick quarry) Strasser (1989)
Zell am See District Neukirchen am Großvenediger Abichl Alp - Beryller area ? collection of Martin Slama
Abichl Alp ? Stephan Wolfsried collection
Rauris Lohning quarry (Lohninger quarry) C.Auer (2021)
Tyrol Schwaz District Finkenberg Schrammacher Oberschrammach glacier M. Moro collection (SEM-EDS probed by UNIMI, 2006)
Canada
Manitoba Lac-du-Bonnet area Shatford Lake Shatford Lake pegmatite Camacho et al. (2014)
Ontario Greater Sudbury Scadding Township Scadding Gold Mine Canadian Mineralogist 45
Renfrew County Brudenell-Lyndoch-and-Raglan Lyndoch Township Quadeville area Beryl Pit ontariominerals.com
Strange Lake complex (Lac Brisson complex) Miller (1990) +5 other references
China
Fujian Nanping Yanping District Nanping pegmatite field Yueqing Yang et al. (1987)
Inner Mongolia Tongliao City (Tongliao Prefecture) Jarud Banner (Zalute Co.) Baerzhe complex Intrusion No. 801 Jingzhan Zhu et al. (2013)
Jiangxi Ganzhou Dayu Co. Xihuashan ore field Rucheng Wang et al. (2003)
Dingnan Co. Zhaibei deposit Shi et al. (2024)
Longnan Co. Longnan REE deposits Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985) +1 other reference
Zudong Mine Shi et al. (2024)
Finland
Åland Islands Brandö Träskholm Åva pegmatite Hytönen (1999)
Pirkanmaa Valkeakoski Pyörönmaa pegmatite Vorma et al. (1966)
South Ostrobothnia Alavus Töysä J. Dyer sample P. Kartashov data
Southwest Finland Kimitoön (Kemiönsaari) Kimitoön Island Lövböle Mäkitie et al. (2007)
France
Occitanie Ariège Foix Luzenac Trimouns Talc Mine Gatel (1990)
Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Freyung-Grafenau District Saldenburg Matzersdorf Krenn Quarry collected by Michael Haimerl
Schönberg Saunstein Gneiss quarry In Collection of Martin Slama
Hungary
Fejér County Gárdony District Sukoró Rigó Hill WDS: Viera Kollárová
Italy
Aosta Valley Courmayeur Triolet Glacier Piccoli et al. (2007)
Lazio Viterbo Province Vetralla [var: Calciogadolinite-(Y)] King (n.d.)
Vico volcanic complex (Vico Lake) Camara et al. (2008)
Lombardy Varese Province Cuasso al Monte Guastoni A. +1 other reference
Cavagnano Laghetto Quarry Turconi B. (1985) +2 other references
Puricelli Quarry Enrico Bonacina photo
Subalpina Quarry (Mantegazza Quarry; Gebel Quarry; Bianchi Quarry) Pezzotta et al. (1999)
Cuasso al Piano Bonomi Quarry Matteo Chineletto +2 other references
Piedmont Biella Province Campiglia Cervo Quittengo Piccoli et al. (2007)
Balma Monte Pila Quarry Piccoli et al. (2007)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno Devero Alp Monte Cervandone area
Punta della Rossa (Rothorn) Piccoli et al. (2007)
Baveno Feriolo Scala dei Ratti Quarry (Ratti Quarry; Scala Quarry) Piccoli et al. (2007)
Oltrefiume Mount Camoscio Locatelli quarry Grill (1935)
Seula mine Albertini (1983)
Beura-Cardezza Beura quarries Calanchi (1979)
Rastellina Quarry Franco Vanini & Paolo Bosio finds
Druogno Piccoli et al. (2007)
Formazza Cima della Freghera Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Vallone del Vannino Monte Giove Mattioli (1985)
Mergozzo Mont'Orfano (Montorfano) Tacconi (1903) +5 other references
Omegna Agrano Giacomini Quarry (Diverio Quarry; Bottigetto Quarry) Pezzotta (2005)
Santa Maria Maggiore Monte Bassetta Turconi B. (1982) +2 other references
Toceno Val di Crana Val di Crana pegmatites Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1)
Bosco pegmatite Guastoni et al. (2019)
Fiume pegmatite Guastoni et al. (2019)
Varzo Veglia Alp (Alpe Veglia) Albertini (1986) +2 other references
Al Piudel inferior REE-mineralization Cuchet et al. (2016)
Cima delle Piodelle REE-mineralization Cuchet et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Conca di Boccareccio REE-mineralization Cuchet et al. (2016)
Villadossola Pianasca Quarry Rivista Mineralogica Italiana
Sardinia South Sardinia Province San Vito Idda Mountain San Priamo Quarries Astolfi M. et al. (1999)
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) Pfitsch (Val di Vizze) Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo) Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch) M. Moro collection (SEM-EDS probed by UNIMI, 2006)
Rinnerlahner Folie et al. (2010)
Trento Province (Trentino) Predazzo Al Fol quarry (Sacac quarry) Vecchi et al. (2013)
Tuscany Livorno Province Campo nell'Elba San Piero in Campo Pezzotta F. (2010)
Fosso Bovalico (Torrente Bovalico) Pezzotta F. et al. (Y)
Japan
Ehime Prefecture Matsuyama City Mt Takanawa (Takanawa-yama) Nishio-Hamane et al. (2013)
Gifu Prefecture Nakatsugawa City Naegi district (Naegi pegmatite district) John Rakovan (2015)
Mie Prefecture Mie District Komono town Yunoyama-onsen Unnamed pegmatite Matsubara et al. (2014) +2 other references
Miyazaki Prefecture Nobeoka City Kitagawa Kamihouri (Kamihori) Michiba et al. (2013)
Ohkueyama (Okueyama) Ookueyama Okada (2011)
Nagano Prefecture Kiso District Nagiso Tadachi [var: Calciogadolinite-(Y)] Nagashima & Nagashima (1960)
Shiga Prefecture Otsu City Tanakami-yama (Tanokami-yama) Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
Kazakhstan
Abai Region Tarbagatai Range Akzhaylyautas Mts (Akzhailyautas Mts; Akjaylautas Mts; Akzhalautas Mts) Verkhnee Espe Massif (Verkhnee Espe deposit) Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Malawi
Southern Region Zomba Mount Malosa American Mineralogist
Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District Khaldzan Buragtag massif Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Mount Ulyn Khuren Tat'yana pegmatite [var: Calciogadolinite-(Y)] Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai)
Tsakhirin Khuduk Y-Zr-Nb deposit [var: Calciogadolinite-(Y)] Kovalenko et al. (2004)
Norway
Agder Evje og Hornnes Lauvland Lauvland 05a Feldspar Quarry Frigstad (1968)
Lauvland 05b Feldspar Quarry (Storemyr 1) Frigstad (1968)
Li Müller et al. (2012)
Li 02 Feldspar Quarry (Li gruve) Müller et al. (2012)
Li 04 Feldspar Quarry (Liheia) Frigstad (1968)
Undeland Undeland 02 Feldspar Quarry (Berylbruddet) Private Collection
Flekkefjord Hidra Scheerer (1844) +1 other reference
Hæstad Igletjødn Feldspar Quarry (Igletjern) Schetelig (1922)
Mæåsen (Medåsen) Schetelig (1922)
Rasvåg feldspar mines Schetelig (1922)
Reseraua Adamson (1942)
Slådelslia Adamson (1942)
Urstad Feldspar Mine Schetelig (1922)
Veisdal feldspar quarry Schetelig (1922)
Iveland Birkeland Schetelig (1922)
Birkeland 04 Feldspar Quarry Neumann (1985)
Birketveit Birketveit 1 Feldspar Quarry Stensrud (2009)
Eptevatnet 03 Feldspar Quarry Stensrud (2009)
Frikstad Frikstad 03 Feldspar Quarry (Tuftane) Neumann et al. (1960)
Frikstad 04 Feldspar Quarry (Dauren) Sascha Gemballa collection & photo (photo id-837386)
Frikstad 07 Feldspar Quarry Revheim (2004)
Frikstad 10 Feldspar Quarry (Stemyr) Stensrud (2009)
Frikstad 11 Feldspar Quarry (Småliane) Stensrud (2009)
Frikstad 12 Feldspar Quarry (Høyland) Olav Revheim photo & specimen +1 other reference
Undisclosed gadolinite-(Y) occurrence Tom Aurebekk Udø collection & photo +1 other reference
Frøyså Frøysååsen Frøysååsen 2 Feldspar Quarry Corneliussen (2012)
Ivedal Schetelig (1922)
Kåbuland Kåbuland 03 Feldspar Quarry Frigstad (1968)
Nateland Schetelig (1922)
Nateland 1 Feldspar Quarry Schetelig (1913)
Rossås Rossås 05 Feldspar Quarry Frigstad (1968)
Solås Pegmatite Müller et al. (2012)
Lyngdal Austad Eitland Feldspar Quarry Schetelig (1922)
Tvedestrand Store Havneholmen ? Schetelig (1922)
Nordland Hamarøy Drag Treldebakkgruva Husdal (2023)
Finnøya Håkonhals Quarry Husdal (2008)
Lagmannsvik Husdal (2008)
Narvik Hundholmen Nilssen (1973)
Østfold Halden Idd The monolith quarry Neumann et al. (1976)
Moss Rygge Schetelig (1922)
Råde Halvorsrød Schetelig (1922)
Våler Ånnerud (Ånnerød) Schetelig (1922)
Telemark Bamble Skogstad Kverndalen Larsen et al. (2016)
Drangedal Tørdal Heftetjern pegmatite Bergstøl et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Høydalen Oftedal (1943) +2 other references
Storemyr 1 pegmatite Steffenssen (2018)
Fyresdal Vætingheia Vætingsaga I pegmatite quarry Larsen et al. (2017)
Vætingsaga II pegmatite quarry Larsen et al. (2017)
Nissedal Grønliheii pegmatite Wilhelmsen (2020)
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Peshawar District Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri Zagi Mountain Herb Obodda
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Dzierżoniów County Piława Górna DSS Piława Górna Quarry Julianna pegmatite SZUSZKIEWICZ et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Jelenia Góra Czarne Lis et al. (1986)
Karkonosze County Gmina Mysłakowice Bukowiec Lis et al. (1986)
Karpniki Karpniki pegmatite Matyszczak (2018)
Łomnica Łomnica pegmatites Lis et al. (1986)
Gmina Podgórzyn Zachełmie Rudzianki pegmatite Matyszczak (2018)
Kowary Unnamed quarry Lis et al. (1986)
Piechowice Michałowice granite quarry Kozłowski et al. (2007)
Szklarska Poręba Marysin Lis et al. (1986)
Skalna Brama pegmatite Szopa et al. (2017)
Szklarska Poręba Huta granite quarry Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Świdnica County Gmina Strzegom Strzegom Graniczna quarry Chabros E.
Portugal
Azores São Miguel Água de Pau Volcano Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ... +1 other reference
Russia
Altai Krai Charyshsky District Kumir Sc-REE occurrence ...
Chelyabinsk Oblast Argayashsky District Pit No. 400 Pekov (1998)
Irkutsk Oblast Kitoi river Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast Belye Tundry Massif Zirkonovoe pegmatite body (Zirkonovoye) Voloshin et al. (2005) +3 other references
Lovozersky District Keivy Mountains Serpovidnyi Range A.V. Voloshin analytical data
Western Keivy Massif Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Ploskaya Mt Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)
Serpovidnyi Ridge Kalashnikov et al. (2016)
Vein No. 1 webmineral.ru (2021)
West Keivy Block Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Rovgora Mountain (Rov-gora) Pekov et al. (2008)
White Tundra pegmatite Zozulya et al. (2022)
Yel’skie Lakes deposits Kalashnikov et al. (2016)
Sakha Polar Yakutia Cherskii range system Selennyakh range Tommot river Tommotskii Massif Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Tuva Sangilen Upland Ulanerginskii massif Kapustin Yu.L. (1989)
Todzhinsky District Aryskan REE deposit Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit P.M. Karashov data
South Africa
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Onseepkans Farm Cairncross et al. (1995)
ZF Mgcawu District Municipality Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality Gordonia Cairncross et al. (1995)
Kai !Garib Local Municipality Kenhardt Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
North Chungcheong Province Chungju City Joongwon-gun Mt. Eorae Chungju deposit Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Spain
Community of Madrid Cadalso de los Vidrios Garcia G. et al. (2004)
La Cabrera La Cabrera pluton Tánago et al. (2012)
Sweden
Dalarna County Falun Finnbo (Finbo) Kjellman et al. (1999)
Kårarvet Hintze
Gamla Kårarvet Zittel (1860)
Nya Kårarvet Zittel (1860)
Gagnef Mockfjärd Rista
Norrbotten County Jokkmokk Varjisträsk Reunavare
Örebro County Nora Rödberg Mines Jakob Elas copper mine Andersson et al. (2024)
Östra Gyttorp Andersson et al. (2024)
Stockholm County Vaxholm Resarö Ytterby (TL) Berlin (1845) +1 other reference
Värmland County Filipstad Persberg ore district Åskagen Quarry Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2002) +1 other reference
Västmanland County Norberg Getback ore field Ås mine Andersson et al. (2024)
Johanna mine Holtstam et al. (2007)
Malmkärra Mine Holtstam et al. (2007)
Old Morberg ore field Andersson et al. (2024)
Röberg ore field Östanmossa mine Holtstam et al. (2007)
Skinnskatteberg Riddarhyttan Bastnäs Mines Gamla Bastnäs deposit Andersson et al. (2024)
Storgruvan Andersson et al. (2024)
Switzerland
Grisons Surselva Region Tujetsch Val Nalps Piz Blas Stalder et al. (1998)
Piz Rondadura Stalder et al. (1998)
Ticino Leventina Bedretto Ronco Ronco tunnel (Bedretto window; Ronco window) [south section] Kipfer et al. (1979) +1 other reference
Valleggia Valley Valleggia Glacier Dollinger et al. (1999)
Lugano Carona Madonna d'Ongero Stalder et al. (1998)
Valais Goms Binn Flesch lake van der Burgt et al. (2005)
Gischi glacier (incl. Gischihorn) M. Praeger (2005)
Wanni glacier - Scherbadung area (Monte Cervandone) Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Östlich Raron Grengiols Chummibort Hillehorn northeast slope Cuchet et al. (2005)
Ritterpass NE-combe REE-mineralization Cuchet et al. (2014)
Saflisch Valley Saflisch water tunnel Stalder et al. (1998)
Tajikistan
Gorno-Badakhshan Murghob Dorozhnyi pegmatite Mirakov M.A. et al. (2018)
Sughd Gissar Range Mogov Deposit Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Shaidan Massif Asht-Sai Pekov (1998)
UK
Northern Ireland County Down Mourne Mountains Pigeon Rock Mountain White Water Norman R. Moles and Andrew G. Tindle (2011)
Scotland Highland Eilean á Chèo Isle of Skye Luib Eas a Bradain S.Rust Collection
USA
Arizona Mohave County Aquarius Mountains Hackberry Mining District Hackberry A.G. Alm claim Rocks & Min.: 21:505.
Cerbat Mountains
Wallapai Mining District Chloride Mining District Thomas (1953) +1 other reference
North slope of the Pima County Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Colorado Boulder County Jamestown Mining District Eckel et al. (1997)
Chaffee County Buena Vista Newett Clora May Mine Eckel et al. (1997)
Trout Creek Pass Pegmatite Mining District Rocks & Min.: 64: 471.
Clear Creek County
Clear Creek pegmatite Province Beaver Brook pegmatite (Brandt pegmatite) Eckel et al. (1997)
Douglas County Devils Head Pegmatite Mining District Eckel et al. (1997)
El Paso County Stove Mountain (Cookstove Mountain) Hanson et al. (2013)
Fremont County Cotopaxi Mining District Cotopaxi Cotopaxi Pegmatite area Pine Ridge pegmatite Eckel et al. (1997)
Jefferson County South Platte Pegmatite Mining District Madonna No. 2 pegmatite (Deep Hole pegmatite) Eckel et al. (1997)
White Cloud pegmatite Eckel et al. (1997)
Park County Teller Mine (Meyers Prospect) Eckel et al. (1997)
Idaho Lemhi County Blackbird Mining District Blackbird mine complex Northfield Prospect (Stevenson Prospect) Slack (2007)
New Hampshire Grafton County Bethlehem North Sugarloaf Mountain locality Smith (2005) +1 other reference
North Carolina Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew
Texas Llano County Bluffton Baringer Hill Mine Yale Peabody Museum +2 other references
Washington Okanogan County Golden Horn Batholith Washington Pass Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +2 other references
Wisconsin Waupaca County Keller Lake pegmatite Rocks & Minerals 79:6 pp409-411