Raite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

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About RaiteHide

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Formula:

Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6

Colour:

Pale brown to golden-yellow, reddish brown, tan, rose, lavender, bronze

Specific Gravity:

2.32 - 2.39

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named after the international group of scientists on the 1969-1970 voyage of the papyrus ship, Ra.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3352:3

3041dff1-cc6c-4143-9416-a825de9db8cc

IMA Classification of RaiteHide

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IMA Formula:

Na3Mn2+3Ti0.25(Si8O20)(OH)2 · 10H2O

Type description reference:

Mer'kov, A.N., Bussen, I.V., Goiko, E.A., Kul'chitskaya, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., and Nedorezova, A.P. (1973) Raite and zorite - new minerals from the Lovozero Tundra. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 102(1): 54-62.

Classification of RaiteHide

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9.EE.55

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands

78.5.8.1

78 : Unclassified Silicates
5 :

14.18.30

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Rai IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Rai Warr (2020) Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of RaiteHide

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Colour:

Pale brown to golden-yellow, reddish brown, tan, rose, lavender, bronze

Cleavage:

Perfect
on {100} {010} {001}

Density:

2.32 - 2.39 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of RaiteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.540(2) _n_β = 1.542(2) _n_γ = 1.550(2)

2V:

Measured: 53° , Calculated: 54°

δ = 0.010

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

Z ∧ c = 0-30°.

Comments:

X = nearly colorless; Y = yellowish; Z = golden brown.

Chemistry of RaiteHide

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Mindat Formula:

Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6

Common Impurities:

Ca,Ti,Fe,Zr,Al,Nb,Ta,Mg,K,C

Crystallography of RaiteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

222 - Disphenoidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 30.6 Å, b = 5.31 Å, c = 18.2 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 5.763 : 1 : 3.427

Unit Cell V:

2,957.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Acicular in radiating masses

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
11.4 Å (100)
4.5 Å (80)
3.8 Å (60b)
2.939 Å (100)
2.650 Å (100)
2.482 Å (60)
1.640 Å (60)
1.575 Å (60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Nepheline rocks

Type Occurrence of RaiteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Acicular crystals 1-2 mm long, 0.02-0.04 mm thick.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Institute of Geology, Kola Science Center, Apatity, Russia, numbers 3206, 3271 (type).
Mining Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia, number 1060/1-4 (type).
Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia, number 74489 (type).
St. Petersburg State University, Department of Geology, St. Petersburg, Russia, number 19047 (type).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Alkalic pegmatite on walls of fractures and cavities filled by nepheline.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Mer'kov, A.N., Bussen, I.V., Goiko, E.A., Kul'chitskaya, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., and Nedorezova, A.P. (1973) Raite and zorite - new minerals from the Lovozero Tundra. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 102(1): 54-62.

Synonyms of RaiteHide

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Other Language Names for RaiteHide

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Relationship of Raite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

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9.EE. Cairncrossite Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.05 Bementite Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 Mon.
9.EE.07 Innsbruckite Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 Mon. m : B m
9.EE.10 Brokenhillite Mn8Si6O15(OH)10 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
9.EE.10 Pyrosmalite-(Fe) Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.10 Friedelite Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.10 Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.10 Mcgillite (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.15 Nelenite (Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3] Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
9.EE.15 Schallerite Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 Trig. 3_m_ : _P_3_m_1
9.EE.20 Palygorskite ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Tuperssuatsiaite Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Yofortierite Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Windhoekite Fe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate) NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.20 Windmountainite ◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
9.EE.20 Ikorskyite KMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.25 Falcondoite (Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2O Orth.
9.EE.25 Loughlinite Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
9.EE.25 Sepiolite Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n a
9.EE.25 Kalifersite (K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.30 Gyrolite NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.30 Orlymanite Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O Hex.
9.EE.30 Tungusite Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.35 Reyerite (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O Trig. 3 : _P_3
9.EE.35 Truscottite (Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2O Trig.
9.EE.35 Kodamaite Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.40 Natrosilite Na2Si2O5 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.45 Makatite Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
9.EE.50 Varennesite Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2O Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
9.EE.60 Intersilite Na6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2O Mon.
9.EE.65 Shafranovskite Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2O Trig. 3_m_ : P_31_c
9.EE.65 Zakharovite Na4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O Trig. 3_m_
9.EE.70 Zeophyllite Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2O Trig. 3 : _R_3
9.EE.75 Minehillite (K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16 Hex.
9.EE.80 Fedorite (Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.80 Martinite (Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.80 Ellingsenite Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1
9.EE.85 Lalondeite (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2O Tric. 1 : _P_1

Other InformationHide

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Thermal Behaviour:

Before the blowpipe sinters to a gray, bubbly mass, melts at 745° to a gray-brown glass with n = 1.623.

The mineral loses 11.9% to 160°, 13.4% to 300°, 15.5% to 340°. The DTA curve shows an endothermic effect at 160°, and a slight exothermic effect at 700°.

Notes:

Insoluble in H2O. Slowly decomposed by dilute HCl or HNO3 giving skeletal silica.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for RaiteHide

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Reference List:

Mer'kov, A.N., Bussen, I.V., Goiko, E.A., Kul'chitskaya, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., and Nedorezova, A.P. (1973) Raite and zorite - new minerals from the Lovozero Tundra. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 102(1): 54-62 (in Russian).

Mer'kov, A.N., Bussen, I.V., Goiko, E.A., Kul'chitskaya, E.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P., and Nedorezova, A.P. (1973) Raite and zorite - new minerals from the Lovozero Tundra. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 102(1): 54-62.

Pluth, J.J., Smith, J.V., Pushcharovskii, D.Y., Semenov, E.I., Bram, A., Riekel, C., Weber, H.P., Broach, R.W. (1997) Third-generation synchrotron X-ray diffraction of 6-μm crystal of raite, ~Na3Mn3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2·10H2O opens up new chemistry and physics of low-temperature minerals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 94: 12263-12267.

Pushcharovskii, D.Y., Pekov, I.V., Pluth, J.J., Smith, J., Ferraris, G. Vinogradova, S.A., Arakcheeva, A.V., Soboleva, S.V., Semenov, E.I. (1999) Raite, manganonordite-(Ce), and ferronordite-(Ce) from the Lovozero massif: Crystal structures and mineralogical geochemistry. Crystallography Reports: 44: 565-574.

Localities for RaiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Canada
Québec Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH) Grice (1989) +1 other reference
Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable Saint-Amable sill Demix-Varennes quarry Horváth collection XRD & WDS confirmed
Russia
Murmansk Oblast Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) North Kamennik deposit Ivanov et al. (2020, July)
Khibiny Massif Yakovenchuk et al. (2005)
Lovozersky District Alluaiv Mountain Umbozero mine Nastrophitovyi pegmatite Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Karnasurt Mountain Yubileinaya-2 pegmatite Kasatkin (2019)
Yubileinaya pegmatite (TL) Mer'kov et al. (1973) +4 other references