Юрий Чендев | Belgorod State National Research University (original) (raw)
Papers by Юрий Чендев
Eurasian Soil Science, Mar 1, 2023
Pochvovedenie, 2000
A comparative analysis of virgin and plowed soils in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia (USA) ... more A comparative analysis of virgin and plowed soils in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia (USA) has shown a considerable transformation of profile-forming soil properties and processes under the impact of agropedogenesis. The agrogenic stage of soil development is characterized by changes in soil morphology, by a decrease in the humus content and pH values, and by the residual accumulation of iron and aluminum in topsoil horizons.
Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation, 2014
ABSTRACT
Forests, 2016
Afforestation trends were compared between two continentally-distinct, yet similar ecoregions to ... more Afforestation trends were compared between two continentally-distinct, yet similar ecoregions to characterize similarities or differences in forest advancement due to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Temporal changes in forest cover were analyzed using high resolution aerial and satellite photographs for Southeast Iowa, USA, and satellite photographs for the western Belgorod Oblast, Russia. An increase in forested area was shown to occur over a 44-year period from 1970-2014 in Iowa where afforestation was reflected by the aggregation of smaller forest units. In the Belgorod region the opposite occurred in that there was an increase in the number of smaller forested units. The rate of forest expansion into open grassland areas, previously used as haying lands and pastures, was 14 m decade −1 and 8 m decade −1 in Iowa and the Belgorod Oblast, respectively. Based on current trends, predicted times for complete forest coverage in the study areas was estimated to be 80 years in Iowa and 300 years in the Belgorod Oblast. In both the Iowa and Belgorod Oblast, there was an increase in annual precipitation at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, thus providing a contributing mechanism to forest advancement in the study regions and implications for future management practices.
Региональные геосистемы
В лесостепи центра Восточно-Европейской равнины (Белгородская область) на плакоре изучены профили... more В лесостепи центра Восточно-Европейской равнины (Белгородская область) на плакоре изучены профили чернозема, выщелоченного на естественной границе леса и лугово-степного угодья и темно-серой лесной почвы в дубовом лесу (в 20 м от опушки). Почвообразующие породы – бурые покровные карбонатные глины. В профиле серой лесной почвы сохранились признаки черноземной стадии развития (включения ходов степных землероев-слепышей, второй гумусовый горизонт как остаточная часть гумусированного профиля палеочернозема). Изученное пространственное сопряжение почв предлагается рассматривать как модель позднеголоценовой эволюции почв в результате наступления леса на степь. Идентифицирована направленность изменений ряда почвообразовательных процессов в результате эволюционной трансформации чернозема в серую лесную почву. Высказывается предположение о том, что в лесостепи юга Среднерусской возвышенности в результате позднеголоценового увлажнения и похолодания климата заселение лесной растительностью вод...
Quaternary International, 2015
Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upla... more Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland. They underwent the most significant anthropogenic transformation in terms of duration and scale of development in profiles, due to ploughing. Despite the long list of experimental works, the obtained conclusions are often contradictory. From our point of view, the best way to observe the effect of ploughing on Chernozems is the examination of soils with different durations of cultivation based on an agrochronosequence approach which was used in this study. The most appreciable changes occurred in the arable Chernozems for the first period after the beginning of cultivation. In the soils with 16 and <100 years duration of cultivation, the following changes are observed: 5e7 to 9 cm decreasing of the humus profile, compacting of the plough-layer and its initial enrichment by clay, 15e30% decreasing of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in the 0e30 and 0e50 cm depths, about 40 cm uplift of carbonate accumulation, and increasing of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) content and stocks in the 0e100 and 0e200 cm depths. These changes occurred due to abrupt decreasing of the plant residues in agriculture, influence of machinery treatment resulting in destruction of the plough-layer structure and this layer compaction, and changes of water regime. In the arable soils with 100e150 and 150e200 years of cultivation, the further compaction of soil mass, loss of SOC and uplifting of carbonates are not observed. There is backfilling of the SOC along the cracks in the middle part of a profile, high activity of burrowing animals, and continuing redistribution of clay fraction in the deeper horizons. These processes resulted in stabilization of SOC stocks in the profile of the arable soils on the "new" reduced level and shifting of carbonates back to the initial (before cultivation) or even lower level of location, concentrations, and stocks in a profile. After 220e240 years of cultivation, high instability of the studied indicators of the humus and carbonate status can be emphasized. Relatively rapid changes occur in Chernozem properties after the beginning of ploughing, with subsequent slowing. The activity of burrowing animals introduces an ambiguity in the trends of development of the longploughed Chernozems in the agrochronosequences we studied. This factor was previously underestimated.
Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya., 2016
In the natural reserve “Belogorie” at the Yamskaya Steppe site, located in the south of the Cent... more In the natural reserve “Belogorie” at the Yamskaya Steppe site, located in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, a wide range of subjects were studied aiming identification and analysis of paleo-pedological and paleobotanical indicators of environmental change in different historical periods of the Holocene. The study subjects included paleosoil buried under the earth mound of the Bronze Age, background virgin Chernozem near the mound, soil buried under the cast of marmot, and the soils in the ravine-gully deposits on bottom of gully. Using a complex of methods, including soil-archaeological, palynological, microbiomorphic, pedoanthracological, radiocarbon and paleogeographic reconstructions, was allowed to reveal a complicated combination of natural and human-induced changes in the meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the Yamskaya Steppe site in the Holocene. Watershed spaces were characterized by contrasting changes of vegetation types during studied period. The high degree of natural afforestation was observed for 6000−6500 yrs BP. Later, up to nowadays, on the watersheds the meadow-steppe type of landscape was dominated. The phase of increased afforestation was also observed in the beginning of the Subboreal period of Holocene (before 4600 years ago), but this time the development of forests was limited by their spread in the ravines. The Late Holocene was heterogeneous in relation to bioclimatic conditions with alternating wet and relatively dry phases, but their exact identification is complicated by the increasing of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation. Starting with the Subboreal period of Holocene the anthropogenic disturbance of landscapes became apparent, first in the form of periodic burning of steppes, and in the Sub-Atlantic period of Holocene – as a combination of burning and cultivation of agricultural crops on individual plots within the study area. Thus, the meadow-steppe environments in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, preserved nowadays only in the reserves, had a complex history of development in the past including climatogenic and anthropogenic transformation of soils and vegetation
Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upla... more Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland.
They underwent the most significant anthropogenic transformation in terms of duration and scale of
development in profiles, due to ploughing. Despite the long list of experimental works, the obtained
conclusions are often contradictory. From our point of view, the best way to observe the effect of
ploughing on Chernozems is the examination of soils with different durations of cultivation based on an
agrochronosequence approach which was used in this study.
The most appreciable changes occurred in the arable Chernozems for the first period after the
beginning of cultivation. In the soils with 16 and <100 years duration of cultivation, the following
changes are observed: 5e7 to 9 cm decreasing of the humus profile, compacting of the plough-layer and
its initial enrichment by clay, 15e30% decreasing of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in
the 0e30 and 0e50 cm depths, about 40 cm uplift of carbonate accumulation, and increasing of soil
inorganic carbon (SIC) content and stocks in the 0e100 and 0e200 cm depths. These changes occurred
due to abrupt decreasing of the plant residues in agriculture, influence of machinery treatment resulting
in destruction of the plough-layer structure and this layer compaction, and changes of water regime. In
the arable soils with 100e150 and 150e200 years of cultivation, the further compaction of soil mass, loss
of SOC and uplifting of carbonates are not observed. There is backfilling of the SOC along the cracks in the
middle part of a profile, high activity of burrowing animals, and continuing redistribution of clay fraction
in the deeper horizons. These processes resulted in stabilization of SOC stocks in the profile of the arable
soils on the “new” reduced level and shifting of carbonates back to the initial (before cultivation) or even
lower level of location, concentrations, and stocks in a profile. After 220e240 years of cultivation, high
instability of the studied indicators of the humus and carbonate status can be emphasized. Relatively
rapid changes occur in Chernozem properties after the beginning of ploughing, with subsequent slowing.
The activity of burrowing animals introduces an ambiguity in the trends of development of the longploughed
Chernozems in the agrochronosequences we studied. This factor was previously
underestimated.
Books by Юрий Чендев
Сельское хозяйство носителей салтовской культуры в лесостепной зоне, 2010
Монография посвящена сельскому хозяйству населения, проживавшего в лесостепной зоне на северо-зап... more Монография посвящена сельскому хозяйству населения, проживавшего в лесостепной зоне на северо-западных территориях Хазарского каганата. В ней вводятся новые данные, полученные во время стационарных и лабораторных исследований наиболее изученных к настоящему времени поселений салтовской археологической культуры (середина VІІІ — середина Х в. н. э.) на Северском Донце. Учет природно-климатических, привлечение палеоэтноботанических и археозоологических данных позволяет значительно дополнить, а в некоторых случаях скорректировать современные представления об уровне развития сельского хозяйства, как основы экономики носителей культуры салтовской лесостепи. Сравнительный анализ позволяет сделать вывод об определенном влиянии земледельческих традиций салтовского населения на соседних с ними славян: северян (роменская культура Днепровского Левобережья) и донских славян (боршевская археологическая культура).
Для археологов, историков, этнографов, краеведов, преподавателей и студентов ВУ Зов, а также для всех, кто интересуется древней историей.
Introduction. Chapter 1: The History of archaeological sites studies. Chapter 2: Interpretative m... more Introduction. Chapter 1: The History of archaeological sites studies. Chapter 2: Interpretative methods for agriculture materials. Chapter 3: Natural environment and settled zones. Chapter 4: Farming of Saltov culture bearers. Chapter 5: Farming of Volyntsevo-Romny tradition bearers. Chapter 6: Comparative analysis (instead of conclusions)
Eurasian Soil Science, Mar 1, 2023
Pochvovedenie, 2000
A comparative analysis of virgin and plowed soils in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia (USA) ... more A comparative analysis of virgin and plowed soils in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia (USA) has shown a considerable transformation of profile-forming soil properties and processes under the impact of agropedogenesis. The agrogenic stage of soil development is characterized by changes in soil morphology, by a decrease in the humus content and pH values, and by the residual accumulation of iron and aluminum in topsoil horizons.
Sustainable agroecosystems in climate change mitigation, 2014
ABSTRACT
Forests, 2016
Afforestation trends were compared between two continentally-distinct, yet similar ecoregions to ... more Afforestation trends were compared between two continentally-distinct, yet similar ecoregions to characterize similarities or differences in forest advancement due to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Temporal changes in forest cover were analyzed using high resolution aerial and satellite photographs for Southeast Iowa, USA, and satellite photographs for the western Belgorod Oblast, Russia. An increase in forested area was shown to occur over a 44-year period from 1970-2014 in Iowa where afforestation was reflected by the aggregation of smaller forest units. In the Belgorod region the opposite occurred in that there was an increase in the number of smaller forested units. The rate of forest expansion into open grassland areas, previously used as haying lands and pastures, was 14 m decade −1 and 8 m decade −1 in Iowa and the Belgorod Oblast, respectively. Based on current trends, predicted times for complete forest coverage in the study areas was estimated to be 80 years in Iowa and 300 years in the Belgorod Oblast. In both the Iowa and Belgorod Oblast, there was an increase in annual precipitation at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, thus providing a contributing mechanism to forest advancement in the study regions and implications for future management practices.
Региональные геосистемы
В лесостепи центра Восточно-Европейской равнины (Белгородская область) на плакоре изучены профили... more В лесостепи центра Восточно-Европейской равнины (Белгородская область) на плакоре изучены профили чернозема, выщелоченного на естественной границе леса и лугово-степного угодья и темно-серой лесной почвы в дубовом лесу (в 20 м от опушки). Почвообразующие породы – бурые покровные карбонатные глины. В профиле серой лесной почвы сохранились признаки черноземной стадии развития (включения ходов степных землероев-слепышей, второй гумусовый горизонт как остаточная часть гумусированного профиля палеочернозема). Изученное пространственное сопряжение почв предлагается рассматривать как модель позднеголоценовой эволюции почв в результате наступления леса на степь. Идентифицирована направленность изменений ряда почвообразовательных процессов в результате эволюционной трансформации чернозема в серую лесную почву. Высказывается предположение о том, что в лесостепи юга Среднерусской возвышенности в результате позднеголоценового увлажнения и похолодания климата заселение лесной растительностью вод...
Quaternary International, 2015
Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upla... more Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland. They underwent the most significant anthropogenic transformation in terms of duration and scale of development in profiles, due to ploughing. Despite the long list of experimental works, the obtained conclusions are often contradictory. From our point of view, the best way to observe the effect of ploughing on Chernozems is the examination of soils with different durations of cultivation based on an agrochronosequence approach which was used in this study. The most appreciable changes occurred in the arable Chernozems for the first period after the beginning of cultivation. In the soils with 16 and <100 years duration of cultivation, the following changes are observed: 5e7 to 9 cm decreasing of the humus profile, compacting of the plough-layer and its initial enrichment by clay, 15e30% decreasing of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in the 0e30 and 0e50 cm depths, about 40 cm uplift of carbonate accumulation, and increasing of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) content and stocks in the 0e100 and 0e200 cm depths. These changes occurred due to abrupt decreasing of the plant residues in agriculture, influence of machinery treatment resulting in destruction of the plough-layer structure and this layer compaction, and changes of water regime. In the arable soils with 100e150 and 150e200 years of cultivation, the further compaction of soil mass, loss of SOC and uplifting of carbonates are not observed. There is backfilling of the SOC along the cracks in the middle part of a profile, high activity of burrowing animals, and continuing redistribution of clay fraction in the deeper horizons. These processes resulted in stabilization of SOC stocks in the profile of the arable soils on the "new" reduced level and shifting of carbonates back to the initial (before cultivation) or even lower level of location, concentrations, and stocks in a profile. After 220e240 years of cultivation, high instability of the studied indicators of the humus and carbonate status can be emphasized. Relatively rapid changes occur in Chernozem properties after the beginning of ploughing, with subsequent slowing. The activity of burrowing animals introduces an ambiguity in the trends of development of the longploughed Chernozems in the agrochronosequences we studied. This factor was previously underestimated.
Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya., 2016
In the natural reserve “Belogorie” at the Yamskaya Steppe site, located in the south of the Cent... more In the natural reserve “Belogorie” at the Yamskaya Steppe site, located in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, a wide range of subjects were studied aiming identification and analysis of paleo-pedological and paleobotanical indicators of environmental change in different historical periods of the Holocene. The study subjects included paleosoil buried under the earth mound of the Bronze Age, background virgin Chernozem near the mound, soil buried under the cast of marmot, and the soils in the ravine-gully deposits on bottom of gully. Using a complex of methods, including soil-archaeological, palynological, microbiomorphic, pedoanthracological, radiocarbon and paleogeographic reconstructions, was allowed to reveal a complicated combination of natural and human-induced changes in the meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the Yamskaya Steppe site in the Holocene. Watershed spaces were characterized by contrasting changes of vegetation types during studied period. The high degree of natural afforestation was observed for 6000−6500 yrs BP. Later, up to nowadays, on the watersheds the meadow-steppe type of landscape was dominated. The phase of increased afforestation was also observed in the beginning of the Subboreal period of Holocene (before 4600 years ago), but this time the development of forests was limited by their spread in the ravines. The Late Holocene was heterogeneous in relation to bioclimatic conditions with alternating wet and relatively dry phases, but their exact identification is complicated by the increasing of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation. Starting with the Subboreal period of Holocene the anthropogenic disturbance of landscapes became apparent, first in the form of periodic burning of steppes, and in the Sub-Atlantic period of Holocene – as a combination of burning and cultivation of agricultural crops on individual plots within the study area. Thus, the meadow-steppe environments in the south of the Central-Russian Upland, preserved nowadays only in the reserves, had a complex history of development in the past including climatogenic and anthropogenic transformation of soils and vegetation
Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upla... more Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland.
They underwent the most significant anthropogenic transformation in terms of duration and scale of
development in profiles, due to ploughing. Despite the long list of experimental works, the obtained
conclusions are often contradictory. From our point of view, the best way to observe the effect of
ploughing on Chernozems is the examination of soils with different durations of cultivation based on an
agrochronosequence approach which was used in this study.
The most appreciable changes occurred in the arable Chernozems for the first period after the
beginning of cultivation. In the soils with 16 and <100 years duration of cultivation, the following
changes are observed: 5e7 to 9 cm decreasing of the humus profile, compacting of the plough-layer and
its initial enrichment by clay, 15e30% decreasing of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in
the 0e30 and 0e50 cm depths, about 40 cm uplift of carbonate accumulation, and increasing of soil
inorganic carbon (SIC) content and stocks in the 0e100 and 0e200 cm depths. These changes occurred
due to abrupt decreasing of the plant residues in agriculture, influence of machinery treatment resulting
in destruction of the plough-layer structure and this layer compaction, and changes of water regime. In
the arable soils with 100e150 and 150e200 years of cultivation, the further compaction of soil mass, loss
of SOC and uplifting of carbonates are not observed. There is backfilling of the SOC along the cracks in the
middle part of a profile, high activity of burrowing animals, and continuing redistribution of clay fraction
in the deeper horizons. These processes resulted in stabilization of SOC stocks in the profile of the arable
soils on the “new” reduced level and shifting of carbonates back to the initial (before cultivation) or even
lower level of location, concentrations, and stocks in a profile. After 220e240 years of cultivation, high
instability of the studied indicators of the humus and carbonate status can be emphasized. Relatively
rapid changes occur in Chernozem properties after the beginning of ploughing, with subsequent slowing.
The activity of burrowing animals introduces an ambiguity in the trends of development of the longploughed
Chernozems in the agrochronosequences we studied. This factor was previously
underestimated.
Сельское хозяйство носителей салтовской культуры в лесостепной зоне, 2010
Монография посвящена сельскому хозяйству населения, проживавшего в лесостепной зоне на северо-зап... more Монография посвящена сельскому хозяйству населения, проживавшего в лесостепной зоне на северо-западных территориях Хазарского каганата. В ней вводятся новые данные, полученные во время стационарных и лабораторных исследований наиболее изученных к настоящему времени поселений салтовской археологической культуры (середина VІІІ — середина Х в. н. э.) на Северском Донце. Учет природно-климатических, привлечение палеоэтноботанических и археозоологических данных позволяет значительно дополнить, а в некоторых случаях скорректировать современные представления об уровне развития сельского хозяйства, как основы экономики носителей культуры салтовской лесостепи. Сравнительный анализ позволяет сделать вывод об определенном влиянии земледельческих традиций салтовского населения на соседних с ними славян: северян (роменская культура Днепровского Левобережья) и донских славян (боршевская археологическая культура).
Для археологов, историков, этнографов, краеведов, преподавателей и студентов ВУ Зов, а также для всех, кто интересуется древней историей.
Introduction. Chapter 1: The History of archaeological sites studies. Chapter 2: Interpretative m... more Introduction. Chapter 1: The History of archaeological sites studies. Chapter 2: Interpretative methods for agriculture materials. Chapter 3: Natural environment and settled zones. Chapter 4: Farming of Saltov culture bearers. Chapter 5: Farming of Volyntsevo-Romny tradition bearers. Chapter 6: Comparative analysis (instead of conclusions)