Mohamed Taha | Zagazig University (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed Taha

for their support and encouragement during the preparation of this work. I am highly indebted to ... more for their support and encouragement during the preparation of this work. I am highly indebted to many professors of dermatology from different universities in Egypt as well as dermatologists from hospitals and dermatological centers for their trust and support of my private lab by referring cases that require mycological examination. I am indebted to Miss Heba Borei (B.Sc.) from the Mycology Unit-Misr University and Technology for her effort during preparating the pictures of the atlas. I am also indebted to Miss Amira Abo Bakr (B.Sc.) for her f-effort during drawing the figures for the basic and medically important fungi.

Aerobiologia, 2007

The aim of this study is to adopt the approach of metabolic fi ngerprinting through the use of Fo... more The aim of this study is to adopt the approach of metabolic fi ngerprinting through the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique to understand changes in the chemical structure in Padina tetrastromatica (Hauck). The marine brown alga under study was grown in two different environmental conditions; in natural seawater (P. tetrastromatica (c)) and in seawater suplemented with 50 ppm of cadmium (P. tetrastromatica (t)) for a three-week period in the laboratory. The second derivative, IR specrum in the mid-infrared region (4000-400 cm −1) was used for discriminating and identifying various functional groups present in P. tetrastromatica (c). On exposure to Cd, P. tetrastromatica (t) accumulated 412 ppm of Cd and showed perturbation in the band structure in the mid-IR absorption region. Variation in spectral features of the IR bands of P. tetrastromatica (untreated and treated) suggests that cadmium ions bind to hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and phosphoryl functionalities. This was attributable to the presence of the following specifi c bands. A band at 3666 cm −1 in untreated P. tetrastromatica (c) while a band at 3560 cm −1 in Cd-treated P. tetrastromatica (t) due to non bonded and bonded O-H respectively. Similarly, non bonded N-H for P. tetrastromatica (c) showed two bands at 3500 cm −1 and 3450 cm −1 due to the N-H stretching vibrations and a band at 1577cm −1 due to N-H bending vibrations, while an intense band at 3350 cm −1 due to bonded N-H stretching vibrations and at 1571 cm −1 due to bending vibrations was observed for Cd-treated P. tetrastromatica (t). Involvement of ester carbonyl group is characterized by the presence of a band at 1764 cm −1 in untreated P. tetrastromatica (c) while the Cd-treated P. tetrastromatica (t) showed the band at 1760 cm −1. The intensity of the band at 1710 cm −1 in the control samples decreased drastically after cadmium treatment indicating carbonyl of COOH to be involved in metal chelation. A band at 1224 cm −1 for untreated P. tetrastromatica (c) and at 1220 cm −1 for Cd-treated P. tetrastromatica (t) is indicative of the involvement of phosphoryl group in metal binding. Several other such changes were also evident and discussed in this paper. Based on our observation, FTIR technique proves to be an effi cient tool for detecting structural changes and probable binding sites induced by the presence of a metal pollutant, cadmium, in the marine environment.

The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls, 2020

Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with cul... more Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with culture negative results for dermatophytes. The study of antifungal susceptibility restricts the resistance and provides the efficacy of an antifungal drug, especially in diabetic patients. Aim To evaluate the presence of nondermatophyte fungi (yeast and mold) as a causative agent in tinea pedis, in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, with reference to antifungal sensitivity test through the available antifungal drugs. Patients and methods A total of 60 adult patients were enrolled in this study (30 diabetics and 30 nondiabetics) having tinea pedis. Skin scrapings from all patients were collected, and complete mycological diagnosis was done. Yeast and mold isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antifungal susceptibility testing using Mueller–Hinton agar. Results Yeasts were the most common isolates in 26 (43.3%) cases, followed by dermatophytes nine (15%), nondermatophyte mold eight (13.3%), and mixed infection two (3.3%). There was no statically significant relation between diabetes and causative organisms, with P value more than 0.05. Yeast and mold isolates showed high sensitivity against itraconazole followed by fluconazole. Conclusion Nondermatophyte fungi are becoming increasingly prevalent in tinea pedis. There is a nonsignificant relation between causative agent and diabetes, and the best choice of antifungal treatment of nondermatophyte fungi in our work is itraconazole.

Medical Mycology, 2000

We identi ed Malassezia species isolated from 42 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, 17 patient... more We identi ed Malassezia species isolated from 42 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, 17 patients with atopic dermatitis, 22 patients with pityriasis versicolor, 35 normal subjects and 73 healthy medical students. Regarding the prevalence of Malassezia species in the 35 normal subjects, the frequency of isolation of Malassezia globosa was 22%, M. sympodialis 10% and M. furfur 3%. M. sloof ae, M. pachydermatis, M. restricta and M. obtusa were infrequently isolated from normal skin. Two different species were isolated coincidentally from seven samples. In the patients with atopic dermatitis, M. furfur was isolated more frequently from lesional skin (21%) than non-lesional skin (11%). However, there was no statistical signi cance. Therefore, this result, by itself, is insuf cient to prove that M. furfur should be considered to be an exacerbating factor of atopic dermatitis. In seborrhoeic dermatitis, M. furfur (35%) and M. globosa (22%) were isolated from lesional skin on the face at signi cantly high rates in comparison with the normal subjects. Therefore, M. furfur and:or M. globosa may be pathogens of seborrhoeic dermatitis. M. globosa was isolated at a frequency of 55% from lesional skin of pityriasis versicolor, while all other species were below 10%. These data suggest that the pathogenic species of pityriasis versicolor is M. globosa.

Journal of Medical Mycology , 2022

Background The genus Malassezia represents the dominant eukaryotic component of the skin microbia... more Background
The genus Malassezia represents the dominant eukaryotic component of the skin microbial flora. There are complex interactions between this commensal and the skin, leading to various Malassezia-caused or Malassezia exacerbated skin conditions.
Objectives
To identify Malassezia species in lesions of patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV), atopic dermatitis (AD), and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), as well as corresponding sites in healthy subjects according to the culture methods used for Malassezia species isolation.
Methods
Scrapings were collected from 80 patients (40 PV, 20 AD, and 20 SD) and 30 healthy subjects. For 10-14 days, specimens were cultured on Dixon's medium and Malt extract agar. Direct microscopic examination with Gram's stain, subculture on Hi chrome agar, Dixon's medium at various temperatures, Tweens assimilation, and hydrolysis of tryptophan were used for the identification of yeast isolates.
Results
The isolation frequency of Malassezia species in healthy subjects was 13.3% for M. furfur, 10.0% for M. globosa, and 3.3% for M.sympodialis. In patients with SD, M. furfur was isolated more frequently from scalp lesions (25.0%) and then M. sympodialis (15%) and M. globosa (10%). Malassezia sympodialis was the most prevalent isolated species in AD lesions (20%), followed by M. furfur (10%). Malassezia species isolation was found to be most prevalent in PV lesions, with M. furfur being the most prevalent identified species (52.5 %), followed by unidentified species (20%).
Conclusions
Malassezia species composition was similar in PV, SD, and healthy subjects, with M. furfur being the commonest isolate, while Malassezia sympodialis was the prevalent species isolated in AD lesions. Chrome agar media can be promising for the identification of Malassezia species phenotypically. However, species differentiation has to be complemented by molecular methods.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 202210.

Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), India and parts of ... more Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), India and parts of South and North America. The epidemiologic profile of the disease in Egypt, which neighbours SSA, has not been explored previously. Therefore we conducted a scoping review of the literature on mycetoma in Egypt. We searched the literature comprehensively on MEDLINE and Google Scholar using free-text words and Medical Subject Headings and terms. Both published and non-peer-reviewed (grey literature) articles were included. The initial search identified 133 reports. Of these, only eight were found to be relevant and were included in the study. The total number of mycetoma patients was 59, reported between 1949 and 2015. There was a predilection for eumycetoma (44 of 59) patients (75%), while actinomycetoma constituted 15 patients (25%). Six patients were female, 28 were male and 25 were unreported. Children and adolescents constituted 3 of 59 (5%), 52 (88%) were adults and age was not provided for 4 patients. Only four patients (7%) were non-autochthonous. The incidence of mycetoma in Egypt is higher than previously reported. Egypt is probably a low-endemic country. An accurate estimate of the prevalence and epidemiology of mycetoma necessitates further research collaboration.

mycoses

Background: There has been an emergence of recalcitrant, recurrent, and difficultto-treat tinea. ... more Background: There has been an emergence of recalcitrant, recurrent, and difficultto-treat tinea. Monotherapy with oral antifungals leads to partial clearance or high recurrence of lesions. Isotretinoin is a good adjuvant to systemic antifungals in chronic dermatophytosis. Voriconazole could be a future alternative due to its efficacy against dermatophytes and little resistance.

$Research paper thumbnail of fractional co2 assisted photodynamic therapy improves the clinical outcome and patients satisfaction in toenail onychomycosis treatment ::an intra-pateint comparative single-centre atudy$

Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020

Background: Device-based therapies have been used for onychomycosis patients with intolerance to ... more Background: Device-based therapies have been used for onychomycosis patients with intolerance to systemic treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) improves onychomycosis, while fractional carbon dioxide (FrCO2) augments the topical drug delivery. Comparative studies between PDT alone and laser-assisted one are lacking.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PDT alone versus FrCO2-assisted PDT for treatment of onychomycosis.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with bilateral onychomycosis of toenails with nearly the same degree of affection were enrolled in this prospective intra-patient-controlled study. The right affected toenail was treated via PDT alone. The left toenail was treated via a FrCO2 followed immediately by PDT. The sessions were bimonthly for a total of six sessions. Direct microscopy, fungal cultures, clinical evaluation, onychomycosis severity index scoring, and patient’s satisfaction were assessed before and 12 weeks after the last session.

Results: Both treatments reduced significantly the onychomycosis severity index (p < .05) without significant difference between them. The improvement in nail appearance and patient’s satisfaction were higher in laser-assisted PDT than PDT alone (p < .05).

Conclusion: Both treatments effectively reduced the severity of onychomycosis with a high degree of safety and tolerability. Fractional CO2-assisted PDT enhanced the clinical outcome via improving the nail appearance and patient’s satisfactio

Dermatology Therapy, 2020

Onychomycosis (OM) is a chronic fungal infection of the nail caused by dermato-phytes, yeasts, an... more Onychomycosis (OM) is a chronic fungal infection of the nail caused by dermato-phytes, yeasts, and nondermatophytes. Tioconazole is one of the topical antifungal belonging to imidazole derivatives. Tazarotene is a synthetic retinoid, with immunomodulating properties and anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the efficacy of tazarotene 0.1% gel alone in comparison with its combination with tioconazole nail paint in the treatment of onychomycosis. Forty patients presented with onychomycosis, subjected to a full history taking, clinical examination, and nail examination, which includes a clinical, dermoscopic, assessment of severity by using Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI), KOH examination, and fungal culture. There was a statistically significant increase in the response of treatment in patients treated by a combination of tazarotene and tioconazole compared to tazarotene alone through (decrease in OSI, dermoscopic features, and mycological clearance). Tazarotene had antifungal activity specially against Aspergillus niger while its combination with tioconazole gave better results and can be used as an adjuvant to the standard systemic or topical antifungal treatment for OM. K E Y W O R D S dermatophytes, fungal infection, onychomycosis, tazarotene, tioconazole 1 | INTRODUCTION Onychomycosis (OM) is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by der-matophytes, nondermatophytes, and yeast. It accounts for up to 50% of all nail diseases and may cause local pain, difficulties in performing activities of daily life, and impair social interactions. 1 It is classified into distrolateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), superficial white onychomycosis (SWO), endonyx onychomycosis (EO), proximal sub-ungual onychomycosis (PSO), and total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO), candida OM with different sites of nail invasion. 2 Diagnosis of OM is made by a combination of clinical and mycological factors. Dermoscopy is a diagnostic method that can help to differentiate OM from traumatic onycholysis or true melanonychia; however, the definitive diagnosis of OM can only be achieved by the demonstration of fungi. 3 Treatment of OM depends on; type of organism, OM subtype, matrix involvement, number and severity of invaded nails, location(toes and/or fingers), the thickness of nail plate, drug effectiveness , the coexistence of other mycoses and finally combining adjunctive physical modalities such as chemical debridement, mechanical debridement, or nail avulsion (Figures 1 and 2). 4 Tazarotene is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids. Its antifungal activity might be related to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, tazarotene effectively reduces the hyperkeratinization via reduction of the hyperproliferation associated keratin 6 and 16. 5 Tioconazole is an imidazole antifungal available as a 28% solution. 6 This study was therefore done to evaluate the efficacy of tazarotene 0.1% gel alone compared to its combination with tioconazole nail paint 28% in the treatment of OM.

Onychomycosis (OM) is a chronic fungal infection of the nail caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and... more Onychomycosis (OM) is a chronic fungal infection of the nail caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophytes. Tioconazole is one of the topical antifungal belonging to imidazole derivatives. Tazarotene is a synthetic retinoid, with immunomodulating properties and anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the efficacy of tazarotene 0.1% gel alone in comparison with its combination with tioconazole nail paint in the treatment of onychomycosis. Forty patients presented with onychomycosis, subjected to a full history taking, clinical examination, and nail examination, which includes a clinical, dermoscopic, assessment of severity by using Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI), KOH examination, and fungal culture. There was a statistically significant increase in the response of treatment in patients treated by a combination of tazarotene and tioconazole compared to tazarotene alone through (decrease in OSI, dermoscopic features, and mycological clearance).

The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty,

Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with cul... more Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with culture negative results for dermatophytes. The study of antifungal susceptibility restricts the resistance and provides the efficacy of an antifungal drug, especially in diabetic patients. Aim To evaluate the presence of nondermatophyte fungi (yeast and mold) as a causative agent in tinea pedis, in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, with reference to antifungal sensitivity test through the available antifungal drugs. Patients and methods A total of 60 adult patients were enrolled in this study (30 diabetics and 30 nondiabetics) having tinea pedis. Skin scrapings from all patients were collected, and complete mycological diagnosis was done. Yeast and mold isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antifungal susceptibility testing using Mueller-Hinton agar. Results Yeasts were the most common isolates in 26 (43.3%) cases, followed by dermatophytes nine (15%), nondermatophyte mold eight (13.3%), and mixed infection two (3.3%). There was no statically significant relation between diabetes and causative organisms, with P value more than 0.05. Yeast and mold isolates showed high sensitivity against itraconazole followed by fluconazole. Conclusion Nondermatophyte fungi are becoming increasingly prevalent in tinea pedis. There is a nonsignificant relation between causative agent and diabetes, and the best choice of antifungal treatment of nondermatophyte fungi in our work is itraconazole. Sci J Al-Azhar Med Fac, Girls 2020 4:256-261

Keratinous substance rich soil is most conducive for keratinophilic fungi growth and occurrence. ... more Keratinous substance rich soil is most conducive for keratinophilic fungi growth and occurrence. Dermatophytes and other related fungi are potential pathogens causing human and animal dermatomycoses. Herein, this study went for screening the presence of dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi in various soil samples collected from different locations of Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 80 soil samples from roadsides, fields and stables were subjected for mycological analysis using modified hair-bait technique with hair of horse, cattle and goat, sheep wool, and chicken feathers as a keratin source for keratinophilic fungi growth. Keratinophilic fungi were identified according to their phenotypical characterization in combination with PCR amplification and sequencing for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 73.75% of soil samples (59/80). Field soils yielded a higher positivity rate for keratinophilic fungal isolates (90%) than roadsides (66.67%) and stables (58.82%). The majority of keratinophilic fungi belonged to dermatophytes (57.47%). Microsporum gypseum (50.85%) were detected in the majority of sites followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30.51%), Chrysosporium species (28.81%), C. keratinophilium (23.73%), C. tropicum, C. zonatum, Arthroderma multifidum, Arthroderma benhami, Arthroderma fulvum, Clonostachys species, Simplicillium obclavatum and Purpureocillium lilacinum (1.69%, each). It was found that horse and goat hair were more suitable for isolation of keratinophilic fungi with a percentage of 100% for each, followed by cattle hair (91.66%), sheep wool (87.5%) and chicken feathers (83.33%). This investigation demonstrated that the various soils of Sharkia Governorate might be critical suppliers of certain keratinophilic fungi that may constitute hazards to human and animal health. The genetic-based identification is strongly recommended for a high discriminatory identification of keratinophilic fungi.

Background: Onychomycosis is a dermatophyte fungal infection of the nail plate,

The activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Moringa olifera seeds have antifungal act... more The activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Moringa olifera seeds have antifungal activity on different fungi including dermatophyte, non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts, which isolated from human skin and nail fungal infections. From 70 samples collected from skin and nail infection; 20 dermatophyte isolates, 21 non dermatophyte moulds and 25 yeast were isolated. While macromorphological and micromorphological as well as cultivation on differential media identified all isolated molds (derematophyte and non dermatophye molds), cultivation on corn meal media and chromogenic Candida agar could identified isolated yeasts. EME is having more antifungal activity than PME on all tested fungi. Keywords-Moringa oleifera (MO) petroleum ether extract (Pe) ethanol extract (Eme) phytochemical dermatophyt non dermatophytes yeast _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dermatophyte identification is based on the detection of fungal elements by direct microscopy of ... more Dermatophyte identification is based on the detection of fungal elements by direct microscopy of clinical specimens combined with culture-based full identification. Phenotypic identification includes macromorphological, micromorphological, and physiological characteristics of the colonies. In the last few years, molecular approaches have been proven to be useful for identification of dermatophyte species. Objective To investigate the conventional and molecular methods used for identification of dermatophytes.

Abstract: Background: Fluorescent microscope examination of films stained with hematoxylin and eo... more Abstract:
Background: Fluorescent microscope examination of films stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain was recommended for its diagnostic utility in the identification of fungal structures.
Objective: To evaluate acridine orange (AO) stain versus H&E stain in the diagnosis of onychomycosis by a fluorescence microscope.
Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis were subjected to an examination of their nail samples by potassium hydroxide 20% direct light microscopic examination, mycological culture by light microscopy, and fluorescence microscope using AO stain and H&E stain.
Results: Fungal fluorescence was observed as spores, thin septate, or broad aseptate filaments with a fluorescence outline. AO-stained films yielded the same positivity (91%) as the potassium hydroxide 20% and mycological culture. There was a significant difference on comparing AO-stained films versus H&E-stained films examined by fluorescence microscopy (91, 14.3%; P<0.05, respectively). AO-stained films clearly identified and differentiated the fungi from artifacts.
Conclusion: AO has high credibility in detecting fungal infections compared with H&E stain. Fluorescence microscope examination with AO stain is reliable in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.Taha, Mohamed; Saleh, Hanan M.; Fathy, Ghada; More
Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society . 14(1):66-70, January 2017.

Malassezia spp. yeasts are known to be associated with pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatit... more Malassezia spp. yeasts are known to be associated with pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and Malassezia folliculitis. Recently, their pathogenicity is being expanded to other skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne vulgaris. Identification of Malassezia spp. yeasts has been carried out mostly through morphological and biochemical analyses. Various molecular biological techniques are now available and being preferred as they are speciesspecific, and therefore are more accurate and less time-consuming. Objective The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenic role of Malassezia spp. in Malassezia spp.-related skin diseases, and to evaluate the reliability of PCR as a molecular diagnostic tool in identification compared with conventional methods.

Abou Zeid M.,El Mohammady A.,El Fangary M.,Saudi W.,Abdalla T.Tamer M.and M.Taha Journal of Egypt... more Abou Zeid M.,El Mohammady A.,El Fangary M.,Saudi W.,Abdalla T.Tamer M.and M.Taha
Journal of Egyptian Women;sDermatology Association(JEWDS)
vol.12,issue 1 page 68-76. January 2015

Background: Malassezia spp. yeasts are known to be associated with pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and Malassezia folliculitis. Recently, their pathogenicity is being expanded to other skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne vulgaris. Identification of Malassezia spp. yeasts has been carried out mostly through morphological and biochemical analyses. Various molecular biological techniques are now available and being preferred as they are species-specific, and therefore are more accurate and less time-consuming.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenic role of Malassezia spp. in Malassezia spp.-related skin diseases, and to evaluate the reliability of PCR as a molecular diagnostic tool in identification compared with conventional methods.
Patients and methods: Conventional identification of Malassezia spp. and molecular analysis using PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was carried out on someMalassezia spp.-associated dermatoses.
Results: Three Malassezia spp. were identified (Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia sympodialis), and the results of the conventional identification were in accordance with the pattern obtained from 26S rDNA (or large subunit ribosomal DNA) PCR-RFLP.
Conclusion: 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP method confirmed the conventional identification ofMalassezia spp. in Malassezia spp.-associated dermatoses in our study. Further species-specific and strain-specific identification may help elucidate the role of the individual species in various diseases.

Aerobiologia, 2007

The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls, 2020

Medical Mycology, 2000

Journal of Medical Mycology , 2022

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 202210.

mycoses

Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PDT alone versus FrCO2-assisted PDT for treatment of onychomycosis.

Dermatology Therapy, 2020

The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty,

Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with cul... more Background Nondermatophyte fungi are highly suspected as a pathogen in tinea pedis cases with culture negative results for dermatophytes. The study of antifungal susceptibility restricts the resistance and provides the efficacy of an antifungal drug, especially in diabetic patients. Aim To evaluate the presence of nondermatophyte fungi (yeast and mold) as a causative agent in tinea pedis, in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, with reference to antifungal sensitivity test through the available antifungal drugs. Patients and methods A total of 60 adult patients were enrolled in this study (30 diabetics and 30 nondiabetics) having tinea pedis. Skin scrapings from all patients were collected, and complete mycological diagnosis was done. Yeast and mold isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antifungal susceptibility testing using Mueller-Hinton agar. Results Yeasts were the most common isolates in 26 (43.3%) cases, followed by dermatophytes nine (15%), nondermatophyte mold eight (13.3%), and mixed infection two (3.3%). There was no statically significant relation between diabetes and causative organisms, with P value more than 0.05. Yeast and mold isolates showed high sensitivity against itraconazole followed by fluconazole. Conclusion Nondermatophyte fungi are becoming increasingly prevalent in tinea pedis. There is a nonsignificant relation between causative agent and diabetes, and the best choice of antifungal treatment of nondermatophyte fungi in our work is itraconazole. Sci J Al-Azhar Med Fac, Girls 2020 4:256-261

Background: Onychomycosis is a dermatophyte fungal infection of the nail plate,

pigmented ethnic skin and imported dermatoses, 2018

Moulds and yeasts, so-called dimorphic fungi, cause a number of cutaneous infections. Transmissio... more Moulds and yeasts, so-called dimorphic fungi, cause a number of cutaneous infections. Transmission takes place via inoculation of the agents as a result of injury, e.g. following barefoot walking in semiarid to arid areas, or through haematogenous spread, mostly from the lung. Examples for inoculation mycoses are mycetomas caused by various fungi and bacteria, chromoblastomycoses due to melanized or brown-pigmented fungi and sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix schenckii, a ubiquitous occurring dimorphic fungus. Secondary cutaneous involvement after haematogenous transmission occurs in blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis, frequently in immunosuppressed patients.

Fungal infections of the skin and nails are the most common and widespread group of all mycoses; ... more Fungal infections of the skin and nails are the most common and widespread group of all mycoses; they affect more than 20-25% of the world's population [1]. The incidence of cutaneous mycoses continues to increase, particularly in tropical countries because of the heat and humidity, whereas the prevalence of the causative species of fungi involved has shifted or changed due to migration and changes in socioeconomic status and lifestyle [2]. People with colored skin, especially deeply pigmented or black-skinned populations, show high frequency of superficial mycosis, which may reach up to 41.9% of all derma-toses seen, as has been reported from West Africa [3]; they are frequently registered also in tourists and travelers. The clinical pictures can be subdivided into infections that induce minimal or no inflammatory response, e.g., pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, or piedra, and those that induce cutaneous inflammation such as cutaneous candi-dosis and tinea. 5.1 Pityriasis Versicolor Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a superficial fungal infection seen worldwide, with high prevalence observed in hot and humid climates. It affects young adults 20-45 years old, but it is not uncommon also among the children and elderly. There is evidence indicating higher prevalence of PV in males due to increased sebaceous activity [4]. There are conflicting findings on the prevalence of PV in different ethnic populations; in some reports predilection for dark-skinned individuals is registered [5]. PV is caused by different species of genus Malassezia, revised into seven, M. globosa, M. restricta, M. obtusa, M. sympodialis, M. furfur, M. slooffiae, and M. pachyderma-tis, as a part of the normal flora of the skin. These are all lipophilic yeasts except M. pachydermatis. Although M. globosa is considered as the dominant causative agent of PV in many parts of the world [6, 7], several studies revealed that M. sympodialis and M. furfur are most predominant [8-10].

pigmented ethnic skin and imported dermatoses

"" MEDICAL MYCOLOGY : Atlas of Medically Important Fungi and Dermatomycosis by ... more "" MEDICAL MYCOLOGY :
Atlas of Medically Important Fungi and Dermatomycosis
by PROF.DR. MOHAMED TAHA

First Edition 2011

A guide for reader about all important medically fungi and the diseases caused by them with details of laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Features

1-Basic mycology
Classification-Structure Nutrition-Reproduction.
2- Medically important fungi
Description of macro-and micro-morphology of
Yeasts -Zygomycetes -Dermatophytes –Non dermatophyte hyaline moulds -Dematiaceous fungi – Dimorphic Fungi - Atypical fungi.
3-Clinical Mycology
Description of the mycoses, Laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
4-Atlas of fungi and Atlas of dermatomycosis.

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Genus Microsporum comprises of more than 15 members characterized by rough walled macroconidia, s... more Genus Microsporum comprises of more than 15 members characterized by rough walled macroconidia, spindle in shape and have 2-12 cells. Microconidia are arranged singly along the hyphae. The most important species are: 1-M. canis 2-M.audounii 3-M.gypseum 4-M.ferrugineum 5-M.gallinae