Gal Kirn - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Videos by Gal Kirn
Keti Chukhrov (HSE) – Who Makes Revolution in the Age of Speculative Design Gal Kirn (Berlin Ins... more Keti Chukhrov (HSE) – Who Makes Revolution in the Age of Speculative Design
Gal Kirn (Berlin Institute for Cultural Inquiry) – Awakening of October revolution: from the figure of Lazarus to Marx, Lenin and Vertov
Rebecca Comay (University of Toronto) – Revolution, Repetition, Tragedy
213 views
Lecture at Ohrid Summer School
117 views
Articles by Gal Kirn
The Ruptures of Non-Alignment and Socialist Yugoslavia
McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks, Jan 15, 2023
Contradictions of the Socialist Civil Society in Nineteen-Eighties Yugoslavia
Baltic Worlds, 2023
Partisan and decolonial ecology is a notion addressed by Andreas Malm and Malcom Ferdinand respec... more Partisan and decolonial ecology is a notion addressed by Andreas Malm and Malcom Ferdinand respectively, in their texts on the Caribbean maroon partisans – the emancipated slaves – who moved to the more mountainous parts of the islands that were still covered by dense vegetation. This concept is here taken to another historical context, that of Yugoslav partisans’ fight against the fascist occupation in the Second World War. I engage in reading an array of partisan artworks that point to fascist domination/war over nature juxtaposed to emerging solidarity among humans and animals/nature. From poems and short stories to drawings and graphic art material, the subject matter of forest as a site of resistance and political subjectivity emerges. Diverse animals, pack of wolves, birds that continue to sing despite the thorny branches, the figure of the snail as the affect and attitude of resilience – these become “comrades” in the struggle, mobilizing nature in their fight against fascism.
Unwanted Images through the Prism of Counter-archive Photo-Printing of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Struggle
Unwanted Images, 2022
Turning more concretely to Davor Konjikušić's project of unwanted images, we must focus on partis... more Turning more concretely to Davor Konjikušić's project of unwanted images, we must focus on partisan photographic activity. If partisan photography not only captures, represents, and thus helps to interpret the world, how and in what ways can it contribute to changing it? What should we "un-learn" in our reading of the past, and especially the ways how national archives categorise the past - Ariella Aisha Azoulay's (2019) big questions - are here of central importance. Rather than instituting images for the eternity and immortality of humanity, partisan photography, succeeds in the moment it captures "contingency", for our purposes most important to highlight is a contingent character of People's Liberation Struggle. Liberation appears in retrospect as necessary-people had to rise up because of fascism, but in many places and at many times they did not, or even collaborated with occupationist forces. So partisan liberation is not part of a teleological-historical necessity. I would like to argue that also with the help of partisan photography, because partisan "photo-eye" captures the fleeting moment of the partisan present, its "deteritorialising" and ever-changing territory, the way how partisan men and women organised their struggle, their way of life, their symbolic networks of resistance, and not only their military actions/fights.
Building of Community-in-Resistance: Weapons of Mass Creation
Alphabet, HKW, 2021
In order to resist the existing order, it has become urgent to counter the tide, to think and en... more In order to resist the existing order, it has become urgent to counter the tide, to think and enact more collective forms of resistance and emancipation.[1] Within HKW’s New Alphabet School format, one possible trajectory is to rethink and return to revolutionary alphabetisation of the past – to return to those thin segments of victories of the “oppressed” that help us move beyond the melancholic seduction of defeat that the left has been holding onto.[2] Such travel to the past can become one important terrain to insist and persist in spite of catastrophic prognoses. This short contribution takes a journey into one of the darkest times of the twentieth century: fascist occupation of Yugoslavia, World War 2. It is worthwhile to consider that despite such impossible circumstances – no developed communication channels, no material base and infrastructure for antifascist resistance (no ammunition, no funding, no food) and an extremely high risk and threat to anyone that dared to think or act in resistance (immediate execution, tortures, camps) – that the genuine articulation of partisan art and politics emerged and contributed to a collective cultural and political form of resistance that was the base for community-in-resistance.
Memory Studies journal, 2022
The article elaborates on Marx's concept of the so-called primitive accumulation of capital by ex... more The article elaborates on Marx's concept of the so-called primitive accumulation of capital by extending it to the field of memory and introducing a new concept of the 'primitive accumulation of memory'. The article argues that this concept gives us an innovative path to understand the relationship between memory and capital. To arrive at a more nuanced understanding of the break-up of Yugoslavia and its thoroughly revised memoryscape, this text combines a politicoeconomic analysis with the evaluation of memory-related ideological shifts that are in fact perceived as long-term mnemonic wars in (post-)Yugoslavia. The article analyses how nationalism and memory revisionism are internally linked to capitalist accumulation. More specifically, the article will observe how an ethnocentric mnemonic war sought to openly negate the socialist and anti-fascist past. Indeed, the creation of an anti-communist, and at times anti-antifascist, orientation was integral to the imagining of new nation-states. Juxtaposed to this creative and generative current of memory revisionism, the primitive accumulation of capital in post-Yugoslavia began with the 'deaccumulation' of social infrastructure and wealth, and with the dispossession of working people. The bigger the dispossession, the larger the nationalist accumulation of memory and displacement of class antagonism. Finally, the article discusses what at first glance seems to be a pacifying discourse of 'national reconciliation', which stoked a thorough revision of the public memory of World War II. This revision reconciled fascist collaborationists and anti-fascist Partisans, and it helped to challenge Yugoslavia's anti-fascist consensus, while also framing the ethnic wars of the 1990s.
Artlas Bulletin, Purdue, 2022
The article departs critically from the postsocialist condition in Yugoslavia marked by conservat... more The article departs critically from the postsocialist condition in Yugoslavia marked by conservative revisionism that transformed the memorial landscape. The nation-building process took a clearly negative attitude towards the Yugoslav, socialist and partisan/antifascist past. The first part of the text will shortly present the notion of »counter-archive« and the central features of the method. The second part of the text will offer a short analysis of four case studies: A short partisan poem written by Iztok, a drawing by Dore Klemenčič, a partisan dance by Marta Paulin and a partisan film by Rudi Omota.
Historical Materialism, 2022
The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugos... more The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia. It presents three hypotheses for a critical reorientation of the 1989–91 sequence. Firstly, rather than seeing 1989 as the start of the longue durée of a democratic process, for Yugoslavia this trajectory was ‘realised’ as political chaos and ethnic wars in 1991. Secondly, criticising the chronological view of ‘post-socialism’, it posits post-socialism as having already emerged after 1965, marked by market reforms that ‘withered away’ socialism. Thirdly, and specific to the 1990s, in order to facilitate the transition to capitalism, a ‘primitive accumulation’ of memory and a high degree of violence unfolded, which actually dis-accumulated the socialist infrastructure and socialised means of (re)production. The post-Yugoslav transition proved a genuine ‘contribution’ to ‘making our country great again’: ethnically cleansed nation-states on the horizon of European peripheral capitalism. The contribution concludes on an affirmative note, pointing to the slow resurgence of the Left.
Studies in Eastern European Cinema, 2021
This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilni... more This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilnik's short film »Uprising in Jazak« (1973) as its object of study. Most notably, the text will present visual and alternative memory strategies. The text argues that Žilnik's film is one of the most prolific examples of making a partisan film in a partisan way from the epoch of socialist Yugoslavia. The film's raw image and cutting is a conscious politico-aesthetical intervention into the dominant genre of that time in socialist Yugoslavia-huge war partisan spectacles also called »Red Westerns«. Žilnik's method consists of a delicate bottom up ethnographic reconstruction of partisan and antifascist memory of the poor villagers in Vojvodina (village Jazak) who − 30 years after the warcollectively tell and renegotiate the stories of the antifascist resistance from the war. The visual language and method of Žilnik stays immensely actual today in post-socialist times of historical revisionism, also in terms of political message. Žilnik succeeds In complementing an Arendtian trope that analysed fascist collaboration from below in terms of »banality of evil« with something I name the everyday deeds and practices of resistances that constituted the partisan community.
Apparatus, 2020
The paper focuses on the lesser-known moments of the partisan performances from the Yugoslav libe... more The paper focuses on the lesser-known moments of the partisan performances from the Yugoslav liberation struggle by highlighting three points: firstly, all of the analysed performances have survived in the form of photographs by the established contemporaneous partisan photographers Jože Petek and Edi Šelhaus. Secondly, Marta Paulin-Brina, who became the most famous partisan dancer, will be commented on through the prism of the partisan poem “Anthem to Agitprop Theatre” by Janez Kardelj. And thirdly, we will look at the performances of partisan school children that formed a star, a symbol of partisan resistance, and the name ‘Tito’ with their bodies in a snowy field. Despite the political recommendation that partisan photography should be limited to reportage and documentation, the last case studies serve as evidence of peculiar staging and performing for the partisan camera and thus subvert the propagandistic reductionism. These performances were addressing the community-in-resistance, that is, they expressed symbols of the liberation itself, and even anticipated the future ritual performance under the aegis of the Titoist state.
Journal of Belonging, Identity, Language, and Diversity (J-BILD)/ Revue de langage, d'identité, de diversité et d'appartenance (R-LIDA) New Yugoslavia as a Diasporic State, 2021
This article proposes an alternative use of the notion of diaspora. Rather than address a specifi... more This article proposes an alternative use of the notion of diaspora. Rather than address a specific identity, the main thesis explores-in Derridean spirit-a specific diasporic logic of (counter-)state partisan formation in early socialist Yugoslavia. The diasporic character of partisan Yugoslavia has to do with the harsh circumstances of World War II, when Kingdom Yugoslavia disappeared and what remained of it was occupied by diverse fasicst regimes. The People's Liberation Struggle (PLS) not only struggled against the fascist occupation but imagined a new Yugoslavia that was opposed both to the Unitarian royalist idea of integral Yugoslavism and to the current form of ethnically clean nation-states. Diasporic and partisan Yugoslavia presents an open, unfinished, and emancipatory project that continues to go beyond ethnic belonging and national identity. The deterritorialising and diasporic tendency of PLS/Yugoslavia was not based on one specific nation and did not embody one recognised language. In the last part of the article, I show how already during the 1960s in socialist Yugoslavia, another symptomatic event took place: What started as a mere linguistic scientific issue, that is, whether Serbo-Croatian was one or two languages, actually articulated a new political subjectivity (nation). Despite the demise of the federative state and socialism, there was a growing portion of the population that considered themselves Yugoslavs and not members of their respective ethnical communities, taking nostalgic refuge in the virtual state that was withering away. RÉSUMÉ. Cet article propose une utilisation alternative de la notion de diaspora. Plutôt que d'aborder une identité spécifique, la thèse principale explore-dans l'esprit de Derrida-une logique diasporique spécifique de la formation partisane (contre-)étatique aux débuts de la Yougoslavie socialiste. Le caractère diasporique de la Yougoslavie partisane est lié aux rudes circonstances de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lorsque le Royaume de Yougoslavie disparu et que ce qui en restait a été occupé par divers régimes fascistes. People's Liberation Struggle (PLS) n'a pas seulement affronté l'occupation fascite, mais a imaginé une nouvelle Yougoslavie qui s'opposait à la fois à l'idée royaliste unitarienne de la Yougoslavie intégrale et à la forme actuelle d'États-nations ethniquement propres. La Yougoslavie diasporique et partisane présente un projet ouvert, inachevé et émancipateur qui continue de viser au-delà de l'appartenance ethnique et de l'identité nationale. La tendance à la déterritorialisation et à la diaspora du PLS/Yougoslavie ne s'appuyait pas sur une nation spécifique et n'incarnait pas une langue reconnue. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, je montre de quelle façon, dès les années 1960 en Yougoslavie socialiste, un autre événement symptomatique s'est produit: ce qui n'était au départ qu'une simple question scientifique linguistique, à savoir si le serbo-croate constituait une ou deux langues, a en fait articulé une nouvelle subjectivité (nationale) politique. Malgré la
Iconoclastic Ruptures: Black Lives Matter and the cleansing of colonial memory
Stasis, 2018
The text aims to think through a figure largely forgotten in radical philosophy or communist theo... more The text aims to think through a figure largely forgotten in radical philosophy or communist theology discussions today: the Biblical figure(s) of Lazarus. The absence of this figure from current discussions might have to do with something that was pointed out by Balibar as the ongoing "fear of the masses," and with their political awakening that is usually interpreted as violence, failure, riotous noise and absence of political program/ organization. I will perform a close reading of two stories of 1 This text is an edited lecture that was presented at the conference in St. Pe-tersburg. I would like to thank participants of the conference for their comments, Na-thaniel Boyd and especially Dominic Martin for their additional reflections on the political theology of Lazarus, and lastly the peer reviewers for their close reading of lacu-nae of the earlier version of this text.
Eisenstein, Vertov and Medvedkin: revolutionary “cinefication” and communist subjectivity
Das sozialistische Jugoslawien als politische, ideologische und kulturelle Entität wird vornehmli... more Das sozialistische Jugoslawien als politische, ideologische und kulturelle Entität wird vornehmlich in einer geschichtsrevisionistischen Perspektive interpretiert, die das Land vom Gesichtspunkt seines tragischen und gewaltsamen Auseinanderbrechens aus als ein homogenes, von Tito geführtes Monster dämonisiert. 1 Jugoslawien sei eine totalitäre Diktatur gewesen, geprägt durch Gewalt und Personenkult als Teil einer düsteren Vergangenheit, die es zu vergessen gelte. 2 Dieser Vergangenheit, die in der Zeit der Bürgerkriege in den 1990er Jahren zusätzlich mittels der rassistischen Konstruktion eines »dunklen Balkans« charakterisiert wird, wurden die neuen National-bzw. nationalistischen Staaten vor dem strahlenden Horizont einer europäischen Zukunft als einzige Alternative gegenübergestellt. 3 Dieser dominanten Strömung stellte sich subkulturell eine »Jugo-Nostalgie« entgegen, die die Vergangenheit idealisierte und Tito zum großen Führer heroisierte, der ein »gutes Leben« in sozialer Sicherheit garantiert habe. 4 Beide Strömungen, die im Alltagsleben und in politischen Diskursen durchaus gegenwärtig sind, trugen zur Vereinfachung der Geschichte bei. Aus theoretisch-kritischer Perspektive wurde eine andere Position bedeutsam, die den jugoslawischen Sozialismus (oder auch jeden anderen) als eine staatskapitalistische Formation betrachtet, die sich als unfähig erwies, eine Alternative zum Kapitalismus zu entwickeln. Alle diese Sichtweisen -ob kritisch, subkulturell oder dem Mainstream zugehörig -zeigen sich im negativen oder positiven Sinne fasziniert von der Dimension des repressiven sozialistischen Staates.
Angesichts der scheinbar erst seit einigen Monaten "akuten Flüchtlingskrise" in Europa ist es nic... more Angesichts der scheinbar erst seit einigen Monaten "akuten Flüchtlingskrise" in Europa ist es nicht schwer zu erraten, welches Thema in den nächsten Monaten im stetigen Antragstellungswettbewerb um Drittmittel in den Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaften zu den beliebteren gehören und einige neue, darunter auch vermeintlich oder tatsächlich "originelle" Projektvorhaben hervorbringen dürfte. Tatsächlich aber sind die rund um das Thema Migration entwickelten Fragestellungen nur selten wirklich neu, gehören sie doch seit längerem zu den Hauptschwerpunkten vieler Forscher_innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen. Die seit Jahrzehnten publizierten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und teilweise disziplinenübergreifend geführten Diskussionen (nicht nur) innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Soziologie, Ethnologie, Geschichtswissenschaft oder Politikwissenschaft, die in der Regel nicht in direkter Reaktion auf die von der Tagespolitik diktierten "Trends" zustande gekommen sind, zeugen, anders als vielleicht anzunehmen wäre, von einem gewissen theoretischen und methodischen "Stillstand". Gerade jene Forscher_innen der kritischen Migrationsforschung, deren Ergebnisse von weiten Teilen der wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit bisweilen mit einigen Jahren Verspätung rezipiert werden, sehen sich mit der Frage konfrontiert: wie weiter? Genauer: wie können wir Migrationsbewegungen, die Erfahrungen der Migrant_innen, die Migrationspolitik etc. neu interpretieren? Und was lässt sich als tatsächlich neuer Forschungsgegenstand konstituieren und entsprechend mittels neuer Methoden untersuchen? Eine Idee, wie ein Ausweg aus der theoretischen und methodischen "Sackgasse" aussehen könnte, wollen wir in Form einer kurzen Projektskizze hier präsentieren. Diese wurde ursprünglich im Frühjahr 2015 verfasst und geht auf unsere gemeinsamen Überlegungen im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Projektförderung zurück. Ob, wann und in welcher Form diese zustande kommen wird, bleibt offen. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll jedenfalls eine breitere öffentliche Diskussion angeregt werden.
Keti Chukhrov (HSE) – Who Makes Revolution in the Age of Speculative Design Gal Kirn (Berlin Ins... more Keti Chukhrov (HSE) – Who Makes Revolution in the Age of Speculative Design
Gal Kirn (Berlin Institute for Cultural Inquiry) – Awakening of October revolution: from the figure of Lazarus to Marx, Lenin and Vertov
Rebecca Comay (University of Toronto) – Revolution, Repetition, Tragedy
213 views
Lecture at Ohrid Summer School
117 views
The Ruptures of Non-Alignment and Socialist Yugoslavia
McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks, Jan 15, 2023
Contradictions of the Socialist Civil Society in Nineteen-Eighties Yugoslavia
Baltic Worlds, 2023
Partisan and decolonial ecology is a notion addressed by Andreas Malm and Malcom Ferdinand respec... more Partisan and decolonial ecology is a notion addressed by Andreas Malm and Malcom Ferdinand respectively, in their texts on the Caribbean maroon partisans – the emancipated slaves – who moved to the more mountainous parts of the islands that were still covered by dense vegetation. This concept is here taken to another historical context, that of Yugoslav partisans’ fight against the fascist occupation in the Second World War. I engage in reading an array of partisan artworks that point to fascist domination/war over nature juxtaposed to emerging solidarity among humans and animals/nature. From poems and short stories to drawings and graphic art material, the subject matter of forest as a site of resistance and political subjectivity emerges. Diverse animals, pack of wolves, birds that continue to sing despite the thorny branches, the figure of the snail as the affect and attitude of resilience – these become “comrades” in the struggle, mobilizing nature in their fight against fascism.
Unwanted Images through the Prism of Counter-archive Photo-Printing of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Struggle
Unwanted Images, 2022
Turning more concretely to Davor Konjikušić's project of unwanted images, we must focus on partis... more Turning more concretely to Davor Konjikušić's project of unwanted images, we must focus on partisan photographic activity. If partisan photography not only captures, represents, and thus helps to interpret the world, how and in what ways can it contribute to changing it? What should we "un-learn" in our reading of the past, and especially the ways how national archives categorise the past - Ariella Aisha Azoulay's (2019) big questions - are here of central importance. Rather than instituting images for the eternity and immortality of humanity, partisan photography, succeeds in the moment it captures "contingency", for our purposes most important to highlight is a contingent character of People's Liberation Struggle. Liberation appears in retrospect as necessary-people had to rise up because of fascism, but in many places and at many times they did not, or even collaborated with occupationist forces. So partisan liberation is not part of a teleological-historical necessity. I would like to argue that also with the help of partisan photography, because partisan "photo-eye" captures the fleeting moment of the partisan present, its "deteritorialising" and ever-changing territory, the way how partisan men and women organised their struggle, their way of life, their symbolic networks of resistance, and not only their military actions/fights.
Building of Community-in-Resistance: Weapons of Mass Creation
Alphabet, HKW, 2021
In order to resist the existing order, it has become urgent to counter the tide, to think and en... more In order to resist the existing order, it has become urgent to counter the tide, to think and enact more collective forms of resistance and emancipation.[1] Within HKW’s New Alphabet School format, one possible trajectory is to rethink and return to revolutionary alphabetisation of the past – to return to those thin segments of victories of the “oppressed” that help us move beyond the melancholic seduction of defeat that the left has been holding onto.[2] Such travel to the past can become one important terrain to insist and persist in spite of catastrophic prognoses. This short contribution takes a journey into one of the darkest times of the twentieth century: fascist occupation of Yugoslavia, World War 2. It is worthwhile to consider that despite such impossible circumstances – no developed communication channels, no material base and infrastructure for antifascist resistance (no ammunition, no funding, no food) and an extremely high risk and threat to anyone that dared to think or act in resistance (immediate execution, tortures, camps) – that the genuine articulation of partisan art and politics emerged and contributed to a collective cultural and political form of resistance that was the base for community-in-resistance.
Memory Studies journal, 2022
The article elaborates on Marx's concept of the so-called primitive accumulation of capital by ex... more The article elaborates on Marx's concept of the so-called primitive accumulation of capital by extending it to the field of memory and introducing a new concept of the 'primitive accumulation of memory'. The article argues that this concept gives us an innovative path to understand the relationship between memory and capital. To arrive at a more nuanced understanding of the break-up of Yugoslavia and its thoroughly revised memoryscape, this text combines a politicoeconomic analysis with the evaluation of memory-related ideological shifts that are in fact perceived as long-term mnemonic wars in (post-)Yugoslavia. The article analyses how nationalism and memory revisionism are internally linked to capitalist accumulation. More specifically, the article will observe how an ethnocentric mnemonic war sought to openly negate the socialist and anti-fascist past. Indeed, the creation of an anti-communist, and at times anti-antifascist, orientation was integral to the imagining of new nation-states. Juxtaposed to this creative and generative current of memory revisionism, the primitive accumulation of capital in post-Yugoslavia began with the 'deaccumulation' of social infrastructure and wealth, and with the dispossession of working people. The bigger the dispossession, the larger the nationalist accumulation of memory and displacement of class antagonism. Finally, the article discusses what at first glance seems to be a pacifying discourse of 'national reconciliation', which stoked a thorough revision of the public memory of World War II. This revision reconciled fascist collaborationists and anti-fascist Partisans, and it helped to challenge Yugoslavia's anti-fascist consensus, while also framing the ethnic wars of the 1990s.
Artlas Bulletin, Purdue, 2022
The article departs critically from the postsocialist condition in Yugoslavia marked by conservat... more The article departs critically from the postsocialist condition in Yugoslavia marked by conservative revisionism that transformed the memorial landscape. The nation-building process took a clearly negative attitude towards the Yugoslav, socialist and partisan/antifascist past. The first part of the text will shortly present the notion of »counter-archive« and the central features of the method. The second part of the text will offer a short analysis of four case studies: A short partisan poem written by Iztok, a drawing by Dore Klemenčič, a partisan dance by Marta Paulin and a partisan film by Rudi Omota.
Historical Materialism, 2022
The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugos... more The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia. It presents three hypotheses for a critical reorientation of the 1989–91 sequence. Firstly, rather than seeing 1989 as the start of the longue durée of a democratic process, for Yugoslavia this trajectory was ‘realised’ as political chaos and ethnic wars in 1991. Secondly, criticising the chronological view of ‘post-socialism’, it posits post-socialism as having already emerged after 1965, marked by market reforms that ‘withered away’ socialism. Thirdly, and specific to the 1990s, in order to facilitate the transition to capitalism, a ‘primitive accumulation’ of memory and a high degree of violence unfolded, which actually dis-accumulated the socialist infrastructure and socialised means of (re)production. The post-Yugoslav transition proved a genuine ‘contribution’ to ‘making our country great again’: ethnically cleansed nation-states on the horizon of European peripheral capitalism. The contribution concludes on an affirmative note, pointing to the slow resurgence of the Left.
Studies in Eastern European Cinema, 2021
This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilni... more This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilnik's short film »Uprising in Jazak« (1973) as its object of study. Most notably, the text will present visual and alternative memory strategies. The text argues that Žilnik's film is one of the most prolific examples of making a partisan film in a partisan way from the epoch of socialist Yugoslavia. The film's raw image and cutting is a conscious politico-aesthetical intervention into the dominant genre of that time in socialist Yugoslavia-huge war partisan spectacles also called »Red Westerns«. Žilnik's method consists of a delicate bottom up ethnographic reconstruction of partisan and antifascist memory of the poor villagers in Vojvodina (village Jazak) who − 30 years after the warcollectively tell and renegotiate the stories of the antifascist resistance from the war. The visual language and method of Žilnik stays immensely actual today in post-socialist times of historical revisionism, also in terms of political message. Žilnik succeeds In complementing an Arendtian trope that analysed fascist collaboration from below in terms of »banality of evil« with something I name the everyday deeds and practices of resistances that constituted the partisan community.
Apparatus, 2020
The paper focuses on the lesser-known moments of the partisan performances from the Yugoslav libe... more The paper focuses on the lesser-known moments of the partisan performances from the Yugoslav liberation struggle by highlighting three points: firstly, all of the analysed performances have survived in the form of photographs by the established contemporaneous partisan photographers Jože Petek and Edi Šelhaus. Secondly, Marta Paulin-Brina, who became the most famous partisan dancer, will be commented on through the prism of the partisan poem “Anthem to Agitprop Theatre” by Janez Kardelj. And thirdly, we will look at the performances of partisan school children that formed a star, a symbol of partisan resistance, and the name ‘Tito’ with their bodies in a snowy field. Despite the political recommendation that partisan photography should be limited to reportage and documentation, the last case studies serve as evidence of peculiar staging and performing for the partisan camera and thus subvert the propagandistic reductionism. These performances were addressing the community-in-resistance, that is, they expressed symbols of the liberation itself, and even anticipated the future ritual performance under the aegis of the Titoist state.
Journal of Belonging, Identity, Language, and Diversity (J-BILD)/ Revue de langage, d'identité, de diversité et d'appartenance (R-LIDA) New Yugoslavia as a Diasporic State, 2021
This article proposes an alternative use of the notion of diaspora. Rather than address a specifi... more This article proposes an alternative use of the notion of diaspora. Rather than address a specific identity, the main thesis explores-in Derridean spirit-a specific diasporic logic of (counter-)state partisan formation in early socialist Yugoslavia. The diasporic character of partisan Yugoslavia has to do with the harsh circumstances of World War II, when Kingdom Yugoslavia disappeared and what remained of it was occupied by diverse fasicst regimes. The People's Liberation Struggle (PLS) not only struggled against the fascist occupation but imagined a new Yugoslavia that was opposed both to the Unitarian royalist idea of integral Yugoslavism and to the current form of ethnically clean nation-states. Diasporic and partisan Yugoslavia presents an open, unfinished, and emancipatory project that continues to go beyond ethnic belonging and national identity. The deterritorialising and diasporic tendency of PLS/Yugoslavia was not based on one specific nation and did not embody one recognised language. In the last part of the article, I show how already during the 1960s in socialist Yugoslavia, another symptomatic event took place: What started as a mere linguistic scientific issue, that is, whether Serbo-Croatian was one or two languages, actually articulated a new political subjectivity (nation). Despite the demise of the federative state and socialism, there was a growing portion of the population that considered themselves Yugoslavs and not members of their respective ethnical communities, taking nostalgic refuge in the virtual state that was withering away. RÉSUMÉ. Cet article propose une utilisation alternative de la notion de diaspora. Plutôt que d'aborder une identité spécifique, la thèse principale explore-dans l'esprit de Derrida-une logique diasporique spécifique de la formation partisane (contre-)étatique aux débuts de la Yougoslavie socialiste. Le caractère diasporique de la Yougoslavie partisane est lié aux rudes circonstances de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lorsque le Royaume de Yougoslavie disparu et que ce qui en restait a été occupé par divers régimes fascistes. People's Liberation Struggle (PLS) n'a pas seulement affronté l'occupation fascite, mais a imaginé une nouvelle Yougoslavie qui s'opposait à la fois à l'idée royaliste unitarienne de la Yougoslavie intégrale et à la forme actuelle d'États-nations ethniquement propres. La Yougoslavie diasporique et partisane présente un projet ouvert, inachevé et émancipateur qui continue de viser au-delà de l'appartenance ethnique et de l'identité nationale. La tendance à la déterritorialisation et à la diaspora du PLS/Yougoslavie ne s'appuyait pas sur une nation spécifique et n'incarnait pas une langue reconnue. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, je montre de quelle façon, dès les années 1960 en Yougoslavie socialiste, un autre événement symptomatique s'est produit: ce qui n'était au départ qu'une simple question scientifique linguistique, à savoir si le serbo-croate constituait une ou deux langues, a en fait articulé une nouvelle subjectivité (nationale) politique. Malgré la
Iconoclastic Ruptures: Black Lives Matter and the cleansing of colonial memory
Stasis, 2018
The text aims to think through a figure largely forgotten in radical philosophy or communist theo... more The text aims to think through a figure largely forgotten in radical philosophy or communist theology discussions today: the Biblical figure(s) of Lazarus. The absence of this figure from current discussions might have to do with something that was pointed out by Balibar as the ongoing "fear of the masses," and with their political awakening that is usually interpreted as violence, failure, riotous noise and absence of political program/ organization. I will perform a close reading of two stories of 1 This text is an edited lecture that was presented at the conference in St. Pe-tersburg. I would like to thank participants of the conference for their comments, Na-thaniel Boyd and especially Dominic Martin for their additional reflections on the political theology of Lazarus, and lastly the peer reviewers for their close reading of lacu-nae of the earlier version of this text.
Eisenstein, Vertov and Medvedkin: revolutionary “cinefication” and communist subjectivity
Das sozialistische Jugoslawien als politische, ideologische und kulturelle Entität wird vornehmli... more Das sozialistische Jugoslawien als politische, ideologische und kulturelle Entität wird vornehmlich in einer geschichtsrevisionistischen Perspektive interpretiert, die das Land vom Gesichtspunkt seines tragischen und gewaltsamen Auseinanderbrechens aus als ein homogenes, von Tito geführtes Monster dämonisiert. 1 Jugoslawien sei eine totalitäre Diktatur gewesen, geprägt durch Gewalt und Personenkult als Teil einer düsteren Vergangenheit, die es zu vergessen gelte. 2 Dieser Vergangenheit, die in der Zeit der Bürgerkriege in den 1990er Jahren zusätzlich mittels der rassistischen Konstruktion eines »dunklen Balkans« charakterisiert wird, wurden die neuen National-bzw. nationalistischen Staaten vor dem strahlenden Horizont einer europäischen Zukunft als einzige Alternative gegenübergestellt. 3 Dieser dominanten Strömung stellte sich subkulturell eine »Jugo-Nostalgie« entgegen, die die Vergangenheit idealisierte und Tito zum großen Führer heroisierte, der ein »gutes Leben« in sozialer Sicherheit garantiert habe. 4 Beide Strömungen, die im Alltagsleben und in politischen Diskursen durchaus gegenwärtig sind, trugen zur Vereinfachung der Geschichte bei. Aus theoretisch-kritischer Perspektive wurde eine andere Position bedeutsam, die den jugoslawischen Sozialismus (oder auch jeden anderen) als eine staatskapitalistische Formation betrachtet, die sich als unfähig erwies, eine Alternative zum Kapitalismus zu entwickeln. Alle diese Sichtweisen -ob kritisch, subkulturell oder dem Mainstream zugehörig -zeigen sich im negativen oder positiven Sinne fasziniert von der Dimension des repressiven sozialistischen Staates.
Angesichts der scheinbar erst seit einigen Monaten "akuten Flüchtlingskrise" in Europa ist es nic... more Angesichts der scheinbar erst seit einigen Monaten "akuten Flüchtlingskrise" in Europa ist es nicht schwer zu erraten, welches Thema in den nächsten Monaten im stetigen Antragstellungswettbewerb um Drittmittel in den Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaften zu den beliebteren gehören und einige neue, darunter auch vermeintlich oder tatsächlich "originelle" Projektvorhaben hervorbringen dürfte. Tatsächlich aber sind die rund um das Thema Migration entwickelten Fragestellungen nur selten wirklich neu, gehören sie doch seit längerem zu den Hauptschwerpunkten vieler Forscher_innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen. Die seit Jahrzehnten publizierten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und teilweise disziplinenübergreifend geführten Diskussionen (nicht nur) innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Soziologie, Ethnologie, Geschichtswissenschaft oder Politikwissenschaft, die in der Regel nicht in direkter Reaktion auf die von der Tagespolitik diktierten "Trends" zustande gekommen sind, zeugen, anders als vielleicht anzunehmen wäre, von einem gewissen theoretischen und methodischen "Stillstand". Gerade jene Forscher_innen der kritischen Migrationsforschung, deren Ergebnisse von weiten Teilen der wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit bisweilen mit einigen Jahren Verspätung rezipiert werden, sehen sich mit der Frage konfrontiert: wie weiter? Genauer: wie können wir Migrationsbewegungen, die Erfahrungen der Migrant_innen, die Migrationspolitik etc. neu interpretieren? Und was lässt sich als tatsächlich neuer Forschungsgegenstand konstituieren und entsprechend mittels neuer Methoden untersuchen? Eine Idee, wie ein Ausweg aus der theoretischen und methodischen "Sackgasse" aussehen könnte, wollen wir in Form einer kurzen Projektskizze hier präsentieren. Diese wurde ursprünglich im Frühjahr 2015 verfasst und geht auf unsere gemeinsamen Überlegungen im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Projektförderung zurück. Ob, wann und in welcher Form diese zustande kommen wird, bleibt offen. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll jedenfalls eine breitere öffentliche Diskussion angeregt werden.
Nasleđe Nezavršenog Događaja Jugoslavije
Chapter 1. Between Socialist Modernization and Cinematic Modernism: the Revolutionary Politics of Aesthetics of Medvedkin’s Cinema-Train
Berghahn Books, Dec 31, 2022
Monument to suburban riot
Ejzenstejn, Vertov i Medvedkin: revolucionarna ‘kinefikacija’ i nastanak komunisticke subjektivnosti
Eisenstein, Vertov and Medvedkin: revolutionary “cinefication” and communist subjectivity
The major hypothesis of this article is that revolution was first “cinefied” in the Soviet contex... more The major hypothesis of this article is that revolution was first “cinefied” in the Soviet context, which suggests that film was able to imagine, produce, narrate and circulate the image of (the October) (R)revolution. In this context, I will attempt to elaborate on the concept of “cinefication” here taken from Pavle Levi’s book Cinema by Other Means (2012). Levi has shown that cinefication should not be seen only as an official Soviet policy that build the cinematic infrastructure across the country and spread the revolution by trains. Rather, cinefication should be seen as the emergence of an apparatus with intensified technological capacities and also as the specific modality-genealogy of avant-garde methods within cinema. In order to understand the emergence of (avant-garde) film one should actually take into account non-cinematic means, which in their turn produced cinematic effects. My hypothesis shifts the stress on these interdisciplinary, inter-medial resources to the more ...
Maribor\u27s social uprising in the European crisis: From antipolitics of people to politicisation of periphery\u27s surplus population
Doba Forenzike: Spomin, Emancipatorna Politika Ali Vizualna Strategija? Pogovor Z Eyalom Weizmanom in Anselmom Frankejem
Riots: On Surplus Population/Housing/Monuments
Untie to tie (online archive of conference), 2018
Forensis is Forensics Where There is No Law
Mute Magazine, 2014
‘In a partisan way’: Želimir Žilnik’s Uprising in Jazak and the reconstruction of antifascist memory from below
Studies in Eastern European Cinema, 2021
This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilni... more This text works at the intersection of film, memory and politics taking the case of Želimir Žilnik's short film »Uprising in Jazak« (1973) as its object of study. Most notably, the text will present visual and alternative memory strategies. The text argues that Žilnik's film is one of the most prolific examples of making a partisan film in a partisan way from the epoch of socialist Yugoslavia. The film's raw image and cutting is a conscious politico-aesthetical intervention into the dominant genre of that time in socialist Yugoslavia-huge war partisan spectacles also called »Red Westerns«. Žilnik's method consists of a delicate bottom up ethnographic reconstruction of partisan and antifascist memory of the poor villagers in Vojvodina (village Jazak) who − 30 years after the warcollectively tell and renegotiate the stories of the antifascist resistance from the war. The visual language and method of Žilnik stays immensely actual today in post-socialist times of historical revisionism, also in terms of political message. Žilnik succeeds In complementing an Arendtian trope that analysed fascist collaboration from below in terms of »banality of evil« with something I name the everyday deeds and practices of resistances that constituted the partisan community.
Восстания в Словении в контексте европейского кризиса: Марибор как периферия в период с 1998 по 2012 гг
Žižek, Slavoj (b. 1949)
The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
Notes on the Archive of Dissent: Monument to Sub/Urban Riots
Built to Be Torn Down, Fed to Be Starved, Resurrected to Be Disposed Of
Historical Materialism
The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugos... more The contribution sheds a critical light on the thirty years since the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia. It presents three hypotheses for a critical reorientation of the 1989–91 sequence. Firstly, rather than seeing 1989 as the start of the longue durée of a democratic process, for Yugoslavia this trajectory was ‘realised’ as political chaos and ethnic wars in 1991. Secondly, criticising the chronological view of ‘post-socialism’, it posits post-socialism as having already emerged after 1965, marked by market reforms that ‘withered away’ socialism. Thirdly, and specific to the 1990s, in order to facilitate the transition to capitalism, a ‘primitive accumulation’ of memory and a high degree of violence unfolded, which actually dis-accumulated the socialist infrastructure and socialised means of (re)production. The post-Yugoslav transition proved a genuine ‘contribution’ to ‘making our country great again’: ethnically cleansed nation-states on the horizon of European peripheral capital...
Marta Popivoda
(95 min, Marta Popivoda 2021)<br> Serbia / France / Germany, <em>How can a landscape ... more (95 min, Marta Popivoda 2021)<br> Serbia / France / Germany, <em>How can a landscape speak?<br> It's like wondering whether the grass, the crickets,<br> or the pond are only a backdrop to the events,<br> or whether they actually participate in them,<br> with their shadows, depths, sounds,<br> waiting to become narrators?</em><br> A. Vujanović Landscapes of Resistance, a film by Marta Popivoda, traces a journey through the memories of antifascist fighter Sonja (97), one of the first Partisan women in Yugoslavia, who was also among the leaders of the Resistance movement at Auschwitz. As Sonja speaks, we travel through the landscapes of her revolutionary youth as they exist in the present time – the Serbian forests and mountains where the partisans gathered and the muddy grounds and countless chimneys of Auschwitz – towards her tiny Belgrade flat where she lives with her husband and cat. Since Sonja is a great storyteller, capable of telling about past events without hindsight, she takes us directly into that peculiar atmosphere and mindset, which gave birth to antifascist resistance. We make her story travel through time towards the bodies of the new generation of antifascists, bespeaking that it is always possible to think and practice resistance. Landscapes of Resistance Teaser
Counter- Archive
A fascination with archives often entails a longing to return to sources, stories, and their begi... more A fascination with archives often entails a longing to return to sources, stories, and their beginnings. It is associated with a meticulous attention to detail, the uncovering of exciting connections, the collection of testimonies and reliable traces, accounts that corroborate a story, and contribute to the (re)construction of histories from below. However, at a time when the notion of the 'archive' threatens to become a dead metaphor or a cheap replacement for 'canon' or 'corpus', the symposium suggests to take a particularly contentious example — that of the Yugoslav Partisan 'counter-archive' — as a starting-point for its reconsideration of archival politics. The Yugoslav, socialist, and Partisan past was both demonized by the resurgent Balkan nationalist projects of the 1990s and commodified by Yugonostalgic memorialization, stylized as either heroic or droll. Against these versions of a 'frozen' past, a multiplicity of projects, cultural,...
Between Socialist Modernization and Cinematic Modernism
Ljubljana University Press, 2025
The book Memory of Liberation comes more than three decades after the dissolution of Yugoslavia a... more The book Memory of Liberation comes more than three decades after the dissolution of Yugoslavia and in the light of 80 years of end of World War II. It departs from a critical survey of the gradual and, at times, violent abandonment of the public memory of antifascist and Partisan legacy in the post-Yugoslav context. Work is critical towards a dominant ethno-nationalist trend in the politics of memory and revisionist historiographies, that have to do also with the process of capitalist restructuring (denationalisation, privatisation). Contrary to the dominant ideological trend that sees no alternative in the future and keeps demonising any emancipatory past, this book’s primary goal is to retrace and defragment what now resides scattered along what used to be a common state: the emancipatory fragments related to the Yugoslav People’s Liberation Struggle. The essays/chapters in this book are studies of the diverse historical political moments and (art)works, graphic art, poems, photographs from ecological, women, and emancipatory perspectives. It also demonstrates how some of the partisan moments were remembered in socialist Yugoslavia (eg films and monuments), and in what way in current postsocialist situation these fragments of emancipatory past are becoming sources and inspirations of new struggles.
The Partisan Counter-Archive
De Gruyter eBooks, Jul 22, 2020
Partisan Ruptures: Self-Management, Market Reform and the Spectre of Socialist Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia\u27s twentieth-century bore witness to civil war, sharp ideological struggles and a se... more Yugoslavia\u27s twentieth-century bore witness to civil war, sharp ideological struggles and a series of \u27partisan ruptures\u27revolutionary events that changed the face of Yugoslavian society, politics and culture, which were felt on a global level. This book is a comprehensive historical and political analysis of the three major rupturesthe People\u27s Liberation Struggle during World War Two, the self-management model and the Non-Aligned Movement. In order to understand what provoked and what came out of these revolutionary ruptures, Gal Kirn examines the implications of communism and socialism\u27s productive relationship, the Yugoslavian \u27experiment\u27 of market socialism that marked the political and economic shift towards \u27post-socialism\u27 already in the 1960s, which crystallised new class coalitions that will later on - together with austerity politics - lead the way towards des-integration of Yugoslavia. Filling a much-needed gap in English language literature, this book\u27s interrogation of the Yugoslav socialist experiment offers insights for left projects and democratic socialist discussions today, as well as historians of Yugoslavia and revolutionary movements
Anthropos, 2024
This edited volume presents a diverse body of work dealing with cultural legacies of socialism. I... more This edited volume presents a diverse body of work dealing with cultural legacies of socialism. It covers a wide range of topics (from communist comics to partisan art, the avantgarde movement and children's literature, etc.) which could be, more or less comfortably, inserted into the field of (post-socialist) memory studies. Post-socialist memory studies, a fresh branch of the well-situated memory studies (Assman and Czaplicka 1995), itself has been an assorted conglomerate of (mainly) case studies of how, in different regions of the former socialist Eastern Europe, communities in transition towards Western-style democracy have remembered their immediate past (Berdahl 2010; Bernhard and Kubik 2014; Mihelj 2016). The quest for the memory itself has played a critical role in this intellectual endeavour. Early on, Todor Kuljić (2017), a leading scholar in the ex-Yugoslav region, warned how the culture of remembrance would become a prime stage on which the emerging ideologies of nationalism and historic revisionism would play out their scripts. Considering the growing atmosphere of 'anti-fascism as a useless past' in the post-Yugoslav space, as Kuljić observantly put it, as well as a present day pan-European culture of amnesia as concerns the lessons of wwii, the early fears have proved to be far from a futuristic paranoia. In the last decade, they have formed the backbone of a new political condition in Europe, and, with the rise of far-right authoritarian leaders, across the globe. This new reality calls for a renewed chapter in dealing with the memories on socialism. Indeed, we are in dire need of critically rethinking-and intellectually rememorizing-the (post)socialist memory itself. This collection of essays provides some signals as how to embark on this task. The initial interest for the socialist world which followed the fall of the Berlin wall focused predominantly on popular sentiments and daily life (Svašek 2006). Marginal, sometimes bizarre cultural practices of living behind the 'Iron Curtain, ' as in Drakulić's How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed (1992), debunked the monolithic view of the socialist bloc; in some cases, as in Cinderella Goes to Market, the stereotypes
The Partisan Counter-Archive, 2020
Partisan Ruptures Self-Management, Market Reform and the Spectre of Socialist Yugoslavia, 2019
Introduction describes the space of intervention, both politically in postsocialist and post-Yugo... more Introduction describes the space of intervention, both politically in postsocialist and post-Yugoslav context, as well as theoretically into nationalist and transition studies that have been marked by anti-socialist and anti-Yugoslav ideological positions. Introduction highlights the major theses and contributions of chapters organized around the term "partisan rupture" (people's liberation struggle, workers' self-management and non-aligned movement) and their gradual exhaustion from 1965 onwards (market reform, liberalism and nationalism), which sheds new light of the break up of Yugoslavia.
Jernej Habjan and Gal Kirn have edited a special issue of Slavica tergestina devoted to the Yugos... more Jernej Habjan and Gal Kirn have edited a special issue of Slavica tergestina devoted to the Yugoslav Partisan art. All the chapters are in English, with abstracts in Russian and English as well as summaries in Slovenian. The chapters are preceded by the introduction by Gal Kirn, and followed by reviews of new books on the Yugoslav Partisan art.
French philosopher Louis Pierre Althusser (1918 -1990) helped define the politico-theoretical con... more French philosopher Louis Pierre Althusser (1918 -1990) helped define the politico-theoretical conjuncture of pre- and post-1968. Today, there is a recrudescence of interest in his thought, especially in light of his later work, published in English as Philosophy of the Encounter (Verso, 2006). This has led to renewed debates on the reformulation of conflicting notions of materialism, on the event as both philosophical concept and political construction, and on the nature of politics and the political.
These original essays by leading scholars aim to provide a new assessment of Althusser's thought, especially in relation to contemporary debates. Organized in four sections that represent the main currents in Althusser's scholarship, the book discusses materialism and the different formulations of the relationship between politics and philosophy, Althusser's interpretations of political thinkers (including Machiavelli, Deleuze and Gramsci), the resources he provides to critique political economy and politics in post-Marxist thought, and the theorization of ideology and politics.
Encountering Althusser is a groundbreaking resource that highlights Althusser's continuing relevance to contemporary radical thought. - See more at: http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/encountering-althusser-9781441146366/#sthash.qsXzSemE.dpuf
Free and Sovereign. Art, Theory and Politics. A collection of essays and interviews about Kosovo and Serbia
Knežević, V., Lukić, K., Marjanović, I., Nikolić, G. (eds.), Free and Sovereign. Art, Theory and Politics. A collection of essays and interviews about Kosovo and Serbia, Novi Sad: Cenzura, 2013. ISBN 978-86-86559-19-7, 2013
Authors/Writers and Contributors: Sezgin Boynik, Gal Kirn, Agon Hamza, Besnik Pula, Vjollca Krasn... more Authors/Writers and Contributors: Sezgin Boynik, Gal Kirn, Agon Hamza, Besnik Pula, Vjollca Krasniqi, Staša Zajović, Žarana Papić, Marina Gržinić, Petar Atanacković, Driton Hajredini, Fitore Isufi-Koja, Lulzim Zeqiri, Alban Muja, Artan Balaj, Flaka Haliti, Vida Knežević, Kristian Lukić, Ivana Marjanović, Gordana Nikolić.
Manchester University Press , 2022
Book Launch events in Europe for "I am Jugoslovenka!" Feminist performance politics during and af... more Book Launch events in Europe for "I am Jugoslovenka!" Feminist performance politics during and after Yugoslav Socialism, published by Manchester University Press, February 2022.
A Monument to Riots
Interview with Gal Kirn and Niloufar Tajeri - on the concept and the exhibition developed for Aka... more Interview with Gal Kirn and Niloufar Tajeri - on the concept and the exhibition developed for Akademie Solitude
BEYOND NEOLIBERALISM Edited by Marian Burchardt & Gal Kirn