Ord in std::cmp - Rust (original) (raw)

Trait std::cmp::Ord

1.0.0 · source ·

pub trait Ord: Eq + PartialOrd {
    // Required method
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering;

    // Provided methods
    fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized { ... }
    fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized { ... }
    fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
       where Self: Sized + PartialOrd { ... }
}

Expand description

Trait for types that form a total order.

Implementations must be consistent with the PartialOrd implementation, and ensuremax, min, and clamp are consistent with cmp:

• partial_cmp(a, b) == Some(cmp(a, b)).
• max(a, b) == max_by(a, b, cmp) (ensured by the default implementation).
• min(a, b) == min_by(a, b, cmp) (ensured by the default implementation).
• For a.clamp(min, max), see the method docs(ensured by the default implementation).

It’s easy to accidentally make cmp and partial_cmp disagree by deriving some of the traits and manually implementing others.

Violating these requirements is a logic error. The behavior resulting from a logic error is not specified, but users of the trait must ensure that such logic errors do not result in undefined behavior. This means that unsafe code must not rely on the correctness of these methods.

Corollaries

From the above and the requirements of PartialOrd, it follows that for all a, b and c:

• exactly one of a < b, a == b or a > b is true; and
• < is transitive: a < b and b < c implies a < c. The same must hold for both == and >.

Mathematically speaking, the < operator defines a strict weak order. In cases where == conforms to mathematical equality, it also defines a strict total order.

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive].

When derived on structs, it will produce alexicographic ordering based on the top-to-bottom declaration order of the struct’s members.

When derived on enums, variants are ordered by their discriminants. By default, the discriminant is smallest for variants at the top, and largest for variants at the bottom. Here’s an example:

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
enum E {
    Top,
    Bottom,
}

assert!(E::Top < E::Bottom);

Run

However, manually setting the discriminants can override this default behavior:

#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
enum E {
    Top = 2,
    Bottom = 1,
}

assert!(E::Bottom < E::Top);

Run

Lexicographical comparison

Lexicographical comparison is an operation with the following properties:

• Two sequences are compared element by element.
• The first mismatching element defines which sequence is lexicographically less or greater than the other.
• If one sequence is a prefix of another, the shorter sequence is lexicographically less than the other.
• If two sequences have equivalent elements and are of the same length, then the sequences are lexicographically equal.
• An empty sequence is lexicographically less than any non-empty sequence.
• Two empty sequences are lexicographically equal.

How can I implement Ord?

Ord requires that the type also be PartialOrd and Eq (which requires PartialEq).

Then you must define an implementation for cmp. You may find it useful to usecmp on your type’s fields.

Here’s an example where you want to sort people by height only, disregarding idand name:

use std::cmp::Ordering;

#[derive(Eq)]
struct Person {
    id: u32,
    name: String,
    height: u32,
}

impl Ord for Person {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.height.cmp(&other.height)
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for Person {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl PartialEq for Person {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.height == other.height
    }
}

Run

source

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

By convention, self.cmp(&other) returns the ordering matching the expressionself <operator> other if true.

Examples

use std::cmp::Ordering;

assert_eq!(5.cmp(&10), Ordering::Less);
assert_eq!(10.cmp(&5), Ordering::Greater);
assert_eq!(5.cmp(&5), Ordering::Equal);

Run

1.21.0 · source

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

Returns the second argument if the comparison determines them to be equal.

Examples

assert_eq!(1.max(2), 2);
assert_eq!(2.max(2), 2);

Run

1.21.0 · source

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

Returns the first argument if the comparison determines them to be equal.

Examples

assert_eq!(1.min(2), 1);
assert_eq!(2.min(2), 2);

Run

1.50.0 · source

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

Returns max if self is greater than max, and min if self is less than min. Otherwise this returns self.

Panics

Panics if min > max.

Examples

assert_eq!((-3).clamp(-2, 1), -2);
assert_eq!(0.clamp(-2, 1), 0);
assert_eq!(2.clamp(-2, 1), 1);

Run