std::partial_sum - cppreference.com (original) (raw)
- If
[first,last)is empty, does nothing.
Otherwise, performs the following operations in order:
- Creates an accumulator acc, whose type is the value type of
InputIt, and initializes it with *first. - Assigns acc to *d_first.
- For each integer i in
[1,std::distance(first, last)), performs the following operations in order:
a) Computes acc + *iter(until C++20)std::move(acc) + *iter(since C++20), where iter is the next ith iterator of first.
b) Assigns the result to acc.
c) Assigns acc[1] to *dest, where dest is the next ith iterator of d_first.
- Same as (1), but computes op(acc, *iter)(until C++20)op(std::move(acc), *iter)(since C++20) instead.
Given binary_op as the actual binary operation:
If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the program is ill-formed:
The value type of
InputItis not constructible from *first.acc is not writable to d_first.
The result of binary_op(acc, *iter)(until C++20)binary_op(std::move(acc), *iter)(since C++20) is not implicitly convertible to the value type of
InputIt.Given d_last as the iterator to be returned, if any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:
binary_op modifies any element of
[first,last)or[d_first,d_last).binary_op invalidates any iterator or subrange in
[first,last]or[d_first,d_last].
- ↑ The actual value to be assigned is the result of the assignment in the previous step. We assume the assignment result is acc here.
Contents
- 1 Parameters
- 2 Return value
- 3 Complexity
- 4 Possible implementation
- 5 Notes
- 6 Example
- 7 Defect reports
- 8 See also
[edit] Parameters
| first, last | - | the pair of iterators defining the range of elements to sum |
|---|---|---|
| d_first | - | the beginning of the destination range; may be equal to first |
| op | - | binary operation function object that will be applied. The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following: Ret fun(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b); The signature does not need to have const &. The type Type1 must be such that an object of type std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type can be implicitly converted to Type1. The type Type2 must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type2. The type Ret must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and assigned a value of type Ret. |
| Type requirements | ||
| -InputIt must meet the requirements of LegacyInputIterator. | ||
| -OutputIt must meet the requirements of LegacyOutputIterator. |
[edit] Return value
Iterator to the element past the last element written, or d_first if [first, last) is empty.
[edit] Complexity
Given \(\scriptsize N\)N as std::distance(first, last):
Exactly \(\scriptsize N-1\)N-1 applications of operator+.
Exactly \(\scriptsize N-1\)N-1 applications of the binary function op.
[edit] Possible implementation
| partial_sum (1) |
|---|
| template<class InputIt, class OutputIt> constexpr // since C++20 OutputIt partial_sum(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first) { if (first == last) return d_first; typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type sum = *first; *d_first = sum; while (++first != last) { sum = std::move(sum) + *first; // std::move since C++20 *++d_first = sum; } return ++d_first; // or, since C++14: // return std::partial_sum(first, last, d_first, std::plus<>()); } |
| partial_sum (2) |
| template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class BinaryOp> constexpr // since C++20 OutputIt partial_sum(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, BinaryOp op) { if (first == last) return d_first; typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type acc = *first; *d_first = acc; while (++first != last) { acc = op(std::move(acc), *first); // std::move since C++20 *++d_first = acc; } return ++d_first; } |
[edit] Notes
acc was introduced because of the resolution of LWG issue 539. The reason of using acc rather than directly summing up the results (i.e. *(d_first + 2) = (*first + *(first + 1)) + *(first + 2);) is because the semantic of the latter is confusing if the following types mismatch:
- the value type of
InputIt - the writable type(s) of
OutputIt - the types of the parameters of operator+ or op
- the return type of operator+ or op
acc serves as the intermediate object to store and provide the values for each step of the computation:
- its type is the value type of
InputIt - it is written to d_first
- its value is passed to operator+ or op
- it stores the return value of operator+ or op
enum not_int { x = 1, y = 2 }; char i_array[4] = {100, 100, 100, 100}; not_int e_array[4] = {x, x, y, y}; int o_array[4]; // OK: uses operator+(char, char) and assigns char values to int array std::partial_sum(i_array, i_array + 4, o_array); // Error: cannot assign not_int values to int array std::partial_sum(e_array, e_array + 4, o_array); // OK: performs conversions when needed // 1. creates “acc” of type char (the value type) // 2. the char arguments are used for long multiplication (char -> long) // 3. the long product is assigned to “acc” (long -> char) // 4. “acc” is assigned to an element of “o_array” (char -> int) // 5. go back to step 2 to process the remaining elements in the input range std::partial_sum(i_array, i_array + 4, o_array, std::multiplies{});
[edit] Example
#include #include #include #include #include int main() { std::vector v(10, 2); // v = {2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2} std::cout << "The first " << v.size() << " even numbers are: "; // write the result to the cout stream std::partial_sum(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " ")); std::cout << '\n'; // write the result back to the vector v std::partial_sum(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), v.begin(), std::multiplies()); std::cout << "The first " << v.size() << " powers of 2 are: "; for (int n : v) std::cout << n << ' '; std::cout << '\n'; }
Output:
The first 10 even numbers are: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 The first 10 powers of 2 are: 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024
[edit] Defect reports
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
| DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior |
|---|---|---|---|
| LWG 242 | C++98 | op could not have side effects | it cannot modify the ranges involved |
| LWG 539 | C++98 | the type requirements needed for the resultevaluations and assignments to be valid were missing | added |
[edit] See also
| | computes the differences between adjacent elements in a range (function template) [edit] | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | sums up or folds a range of elements (function template) [edit] | | | similar to std::partial_sum, includes the ith input element in the ith sum (function template) [edit] | | | similar to std::partial_sum, excludes the ith input element from the ith sum (function template) [edit] |