le - Determine less than or equal to - MATLAB (original) (raw)

Determine less than or equal to

Syntax

Description

[A](#bt2kuby-1%5Fsep%5Fmw%5Ff1531b5a-7786-463e-b417-e1031fdeddc3) <= [B](#bt2kuby-1%5Fsep%5Fmw%5Ff1531b5a-7786-463e-b417-e1031fdeddc3) returns a logical array or a table of logical values with elements set to logical 1 (true) where A is less than or equal toB; otherwise, the element is logical 0 (false). The test compares only the real part of numeric arrays. le returns logical 0 (false) where A or B have NaN or undefined categorical elements.

example

le([A](#bt2kuby-1%5Fsep%5Fmw%5Ff1531b5a-7786-463e-b417-e1031fdeddc3),[B](#bt2kuby-1%5Fsep%5Fmw%5Ff1531b5a-7786-463e-b417-e1031fdeddc3)) is an alternate way to execute A <= B, but is rarely used. It enables operator overloading for classes.

Examples

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Find which vector elements are less than or equal to a given value.

Create a numeric vector.

A = [1 12 18 7 9 11 2 15];

Test the vector for elements that are less than or equal to 12.

ans = 1×8 logical array

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0

The result is a vector with values of logical 1 (true) where the elements of A satisfy the expression.

Use the vector of logical values as an index to view the values in A that are less than or equal to 12.

The result is a subset of the elements in A.

Create a matrix.

A = 4×4

16     2     3    13
 5    11    10     8
 9     7     6    12
 4    14    15     1

Replace all values less than or equal to 9 with the value 10.

A = 4×4

16    10    10    13
10    11    10    10
10    10    10    12
10    14    15    10

The result is a new matrix whose smallest element is 10.

Create an ordinal categorical array.

A = categorical({'large' 'medium' 'small'; 'medium' ... 'small' 'large'},{'small' 'medium' 'large'},'Ordinal',1)

A = 2×3 categorical large medium small medium small large

The array has three categories: 'small', 'medium', and 'large'.

Find all values less than or equal to the category 'medium'.

ans = 2×3 logical array

0 1 1 1 1 0

A value of logical 1 (true) indicates a value less than or equal to the category 'medium'.

Compare the rows of A.

ans = 1×3 logical array

0 0 1

The function returns logical 1 (true) where the first row has a category value less than or equal to the second row.

Create a vector of complex numbers.

A = [1+i 2-2i 1+3i 1-2i 5-i];

Find the values that are less than or equal to 3.

ans = 1×4 complex

1.0000 + 1.0000i 2.0000 - 2.0000i 1.0000 + 3.0000i 1.0000 - 2.0000i

le compares only the real part of the elements in A.

Use abs to find which elements are within a radius of 3 from the origin.

ans = 1×3 complex

1.0000 + 1.0000i 2.0000 - 2.0000i 1.0000 - 2.0000i

The result has one less element. The element 1.0000 + 3.0000i is not within a radius of 3 from the origin.

Create a duration array.

d = hours(21:25) + minutes(75)

d = 1×5 duration 22.25 hr 23.25 hr 24.25 hr 25.25 hr 26.25 hr

Test the array for elements that are less than or equal to one standard day.

ans = 1×5 logical array

1 1 0 0 0

Since R2023a

Create two tables and compare them. The row names (if present in both) and variable names must be the same, but do not need to be in the same orders. Rows and variables of the output are in the same orders as the first input.

A = table([1;2],[3;4],VariableNames=["V1","V2"],RowNames=["R1","R2"])

A=2×2 table V1 V2 __ __

R1    1     3 
R2    2     4

B = table([4;2],[3;1],VariableNames=["V2","V1"],RowNames=["R2","R1"])

B=2×2 table V2 V1 __ __

R2    4     3 
R1    2     1

ans=2×2 table V1 V2
_____ _____

R1    true     false
R2    true     true

Input Arguments

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Operands, specified as scalars, vectors, matrices, multidimensional arrays, tables, or timetables. Inputs A and B must either be the same size or have sizes that are compatible (for example, A is anM-by-N matrix and B is a scalar or 1-by-N row vector). For more information, see Compatible Array Sizes for Basic Operations.

You can compare numeric inputs of any type, and the comparison does not suffer loss of precision due to type conversion.

If one input is an ordinal categorical array, the other input can be an ordinal categorical array, or a string scalar or character vector that represents a categorical value. If both inputs are ordinal categorical arrays, they must have the same sets of categories, including their order. For more information, seeCompare Categorical Array Elements.
If one input is a datetime array, the other input can be adatetime array, or a string scalar or character vector that represents a date and time. For more information, see Compare Dates and Time.
If one input is a duration array, the other input can be aduration array, a string scalar or character vector that represents a length of time, or a numeric array where each element represents a number of fixed-length 24-hour days. For more information, see Compare Dates and Time.
If one input is a string array, the other input can be a string array, a character vector, or a cell array of character vectors. The corresponding elements of A and B are compared lexicographically. For more information, see Compare Text.

Inputs that are tables or timetables must meet the following conditions: (since R2023a)

If an input is a table or timetable, then all its variables must have data types that support the operation.
If only one input is a table or timetable, then the other input must be a numeric or logical array.
If both inputs are tables or timetables, then:
- Both inputs must have the same size, or one of them must be a one-row table.
- Both inputs must have variables with the same names. However, the variables in each input can be in a different order.
- If both inputs are tables and they both have row names, then their row names must be the same. However, the row names in each input can be in a different order.
- If both inputs are timetables, then their row times must be the same. However, the row times in each input can be in a different order.

Tips

Some floating-point numbers cannot be represented exactly in binary form. This leads to small differences in results that the <= operator reflects. For more information, see Floating-Point Numbers.

Extended Capabilities

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Thele function fully supports tall arrays. For more information, see Tall Arrays.

The le function fully supports GPU arrays. To run the function on a GPU, specify the input data as a gpuArray (Parallel Computing Toolbox). For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

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The le operator supports operations directly on tables and timetables without indexing to access their variables. All variables must have data types that support the operation. For more information, see Direct Calculations on Tables and Timetables.

Starting in R2020b, le supports implicit expansion when the arguments are ordinal categorical arrays, datetime arrays, or duration arrays. Between R2020a and R2016b, implicit expansion was supported only for numeric and string data types.

Starting in R2016b with the addition of implicit expansion, some combinations of arguments for basic operations that previously returned errors now produce results. For example, you previously could not add a row and a column vector, but those operands are now valid for addition. In other words, an expression like [1 2] + [1; 2] previously returned a size mismatch error, but now it executes.

If your code uses element-wise operators and relies on the errors that MATLAB® previously returned for mismatched sizes, particularly within a try/catch block, then your code might no longer catch those errors.

For more information on the required input sizes for basic array operations, see Compatible Array Sizes for Basic Operations.