Exception.StackTrace Property (System) (original) (raw)

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Exception.StackTrace Property

Reference

Definition

Gets a string representation of the immediate frames on the call stack.

public:
 virtual property System::String ^ StackTrace { System::String ^ get(); };

public virtual string StackTrace { get; }

public virtual string? StackTrace { get; }

member this.StackTrace : string

Public Overridable ReadOnly Property StackTrace As String

Property Value

A string that describes the immediate frames of the call stack. If no stack trace is available (such as prior to stack unwinding from a throw statement), the value is null.

Implements

Examples

The following code example throws an Exception and then catches it and displays a stack trace using the StackTrace property.

// Example for the Exception::HelpLink, Exception::Source,
// Exception::StackTrace, and Exception::TargetSite properties.
using namespace System;

namespace NDP_UE_CPP
{

   // Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and 
   // Source properties.
   public ref class LogTableOverflowException: public Exception
   {
   private:
      static String^ overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed.";

   public:
      LogTableOverflowException( String^ auxMessage, Exception^ inner )
         : Exception( String::Format( "{0} - {1}", overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )
      {
         this->HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com";
         this->Source = "Exception_Class_Samples";
      }

   };

   public ref class LogTable
   {
   public:
      LogTable( int numElements )
      {
         logArea = gcnew array<String^>(numElements);
         elemInUse = 0;
      }


   protected:
      array<String^>^logArea;
      int elemInUse;

   public:

      // The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if 
      // the array bounds exception is caught.
      int AddRecord( String^ newRecord )
      {
         try
         {
            logArea[ elemInUse ] = newRecord;
            return elemInUse++;
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ex ) 
         {
            throw gcnew LogTableOverflowException( String::Format( "Record \"{0}\" was not logged.", newRecord ),ex );
         }

      }

   };


   // Create a log table and force an overflow.
   void ForceOverflow()
   {
      LogTable^ log = gcnew LogTable( 4 );
      try
      {
         for ( int count = 1; ; count++ )
         {
            log->AddRecord( String::Format( "Log record number {0}", count ) );

         }
      }
      catch ( Exception^ ex ) 
      {
         Console::WriteLine( "\nMessage ---\n{0}", ex->Message );
         Console::WriteLine( "\nHelpLink ---\n{0}", ex->HelpLink );
         Console::WriteLine( "\nSource ---\n{0}", ex->Source );
         Console::WriteLine( "\nStackTrace ---\n{0}", ex->StackTrace );
         Console::WriteLine( "\nTargetSite ---\n{0}", ex->TargetSite->ToString() );
      }

   }

}

int main()
{
   Console::WriteLine( "This example of \n   Exception::Message, \n"
   "   Exception::HelpLink, \n   Exception::Source, \n"
   "   Exception::StackTrace, and \n   Exception::"
   "TargetSite \ngenerates the following output." );
   NDP_UE_CPP::ForceOverflow();
}

/*
This example of
   Exception::Message,
   Exception::HelpLink,
   Exception::Source,
   Exception::StackTrace, and
   Exception::TargetSite
generates the following output.

Message ---
The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.

HelpLink ---
https://learn.microsoft.com

Source ---
Exception_Class_Samples

StackTrace ---
   at NDP_UE_CPP.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
   at NDP_UE_CPP.ForceOverflow()

TargetSite ---
Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
*/

// Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
// Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
using System;

namespace NDP_UE_CS
{
    // Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
    // Source properties.
    class LogTableOverflowException : Exception
    {
        const string overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed.";

        public LogTableOverflowException(
            string auxMessage, Exception inner ) :
                base( String.Format( "{0} - {1}",
                    overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )
        {
            this.HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com";
            this.Source = "Exception_Class_Samples";
        }
    }

    class LogTable
    {
        public LogTable( int numElements )
        {
            logArea = new string[ numElements ];
            elemInUse = 0;
        }

        protected string[ ] logArea;
        protected int       elemInUse;

        // The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
        // the array bounds exception is caught.
        public    int       AddRecord( string newRecord )
        {
            try
            {
                logArea[ elemInUse ] = newRecord;
                return elemInUse++;
            }
            catch( Exception e )
            {
                throw new LogTableOverflowException(
                    String.Format( "Record \"{0}\" was not logged.",
                        newRecord ), e );
            }
        }
    }

    class OverflowDemo
    {
        // Create a log table and force an overflow.
        public static void Main()
        {
            LogTable log = new LogTable( 4 );

            Console.WriteLine(
                "This example of \n   Exception.Message, \n" +
                "   Exception.HelpLink, \n   Exception.Source, \n" +
                "   Exception.StackTrace, and \n   Exception." +
                "TargetSite \ngenerates the following output." );

            try
            {
                for( int count = 1; ; count++ )
                {
                    log.AddRecord(
                        String.Format(
                            "Log record number {0}", count ) );
                }
            }
            catch( Exception ex )
            {
                Console.WriteLine( "\nMessage ---\n{0}", ex.Message );
                Console.WriteLine(
                    "\nHelpLink ---\n{0}", ex.HelpLink );
                Console.WriteLine( "\nSource ---\n{0}", ex.Source );
                Console.WriteLine(
                    "\nStackTrace ---\n{0}", ex.StackTrace );
                Console.WriteLine(
                    "\nTargetSite ---\n{0}", ex.TargetSite );
            }
        }
    }
}

/*
This example of
   Exception.Message,
   Exception.HelpLink,
   Exception.Source,
   Exception.StackTrace, and
   Exception.TargetSite
generates the following output.

Message ---
The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.

HelpLink ---
https://learn.microsoft.com

Source ---
Exception_Class_Samples

StackTrace ---
   at NDP_UE_CS.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
   at NDP_UE_CS.OverflowDemo.Main()

TargetSite ---
Int32 AddRecord(System.String)
*/

// Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
// Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
open System
        
let overflowMessage = "The log table has overflowed."

// Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and
// Source properties.
type LogTableOverflowException(auxMessage, inner) as this =
    inherit Exception($"%s{overflowMessage} - %s{auxMessage}", inner)

    do
        this.HelpLink <- "https://learn.microsoft.com"
        this.Source <- "Exception_Class_Samples"

type LogTable(numElements) =
    let logArea = Array.zeroCreate<string> numElements
    let mutable elemInUse = 0

    // The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if
    // the array bounds exception is caught.
    member this.AddRecord(newRecord) =
        try
            logArea[elemInUse] <- newRecord
            elemInUse <- elemInUse + 1
            elemInUse - 1 
        with e ->
            raise (LogTableOverflowException($"Record \"{newRecord}\" was not logged.", e) )

// Create a log table and force an overflow.
let log = LogTable 4 

printfn
    """This example of
   Exception.Message, 
   Exception.HelpLink, 
   Exception.Source, 
   Exception.StackTrace, and
   Exception.TargetSite 
   generates the following output."""

try
    for count = 1 to 1000000 do
        log.AddRecord $"Log record number {count}"
        |> ignore
with ex ->
    printfn $"\nMessage ---\n{ex.Message}"
    printfn $"\nHelpLink ---\n{ex.HelpLink}"
    printfn $"\nSource ---\n{ex.Source}"
    printfn $"\nStackTrace ---\n{ex.StackTrace}"
    printfn $"\nTargetSite ---\n{ex.TargetSite}"

// This example of
//    Exception.Message,
//    Exception.HelpLink,
//    Exception.Source,
//    Exception.StackTrace, and
//    Exception.TargetSite
// generates the following output.

// Message ---
// The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.

// HelpLink ---
// https://learn.microsoft.com

// Source ---
// Exception_Class_Samples

// StackTrace ---
//    at NDP_UE_FS.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
//    at <StartupCode$fs>.$NDP_UE_FS.main@()

// TargetSite ---
// Int32 AddRecord(System.String)

' Example for the Exception.HelpLink, Exception.Source,
' Exception.StackTrace, and Exception.TargetSite properties.
Namespace NDP_UE_VB

    ' Derive an exception; the constructor sets the HelpLink and 
    ' Source properties.
    Class LogTableOverflowException
        Inherits Exception

        Private Const overflowMessage As String = _
            "The log table has overflowed."
           
        Public Sub New( auxMessage As String, inner As Exception )
            MyBase.New( String.Format( "{0} - {1}", _
                overflowMessage, auxMessage ), inner )

            Me.HelpLink = "https://learn.microsoft.com"
            Me.Source = "Exception_Class_Samples"

        End Sub
    End Class

    Class LogTable
       
        Public Sub New(numElements As Integer)
            logArea = New String(numElements) {}
            elemInUse = 0
        End Sub
           
        Protected logArea() As String
        Protected elemInUse As Integer
           
        ' The AddRecord method throws a derived exception if 
        ' the array bounds exception is caught.
        Public Function AddRecord( newRecord As String ) As Integer

            Try
                Dim curElement as Integer = elemInUse
                logArea( elemInUse ) = newRecord
                elemInUse += 1
                Return curElement

            Catch ex As Exception
                Throw New LogTableOverflowException( _
                    String.Format( "Record ""{0}"" was not logged.", _
                        newRecord ), ex )
            End Try
        End Function ' AddRecord
    End Class

    Module OverflowDemo
       
        ' Create a log table and force an overflow.
        Sub Main( )
            Dim log As New LogTable( 4 )
              
            Console.WriteLine( "This example of " & vbCrLf & _
                "   Exception.Message, " & vbCrLf & _
                "   Exception.HelpLink, " & vbCrLf & _
                "   Exception.Source, " & vbCrLf & _
                "   Exception.StackTrace, and " & vbCrLf & _
                "   Exception.TargetSite " & vbCrLf & _
                "generates the following output." )
              
            Try
                Dim count As Integer = 0
                 
                Do
                    log.AddRecord( _
                        String.Format( "Log record number {0}", count ) )
                    count += 1
                Loop

            Catch ex As Exception
                Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
                    "Message ---" & vbCrLf & ex.Message )
                Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
                    "HelpLink ---" & vbCrLf & ex.HelpLink )
                Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
                    "Source ---" & vbCrLf & ex.Source )
                Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & _
                    "StackTrace ---" & vbCrLf & ex.StackTrace )
                Console.WriteLine( vbCrLf & "TargetSite ---" & _
                    vbCrLf & ex.TargetSite.ToString( ) )
            End Try
        End Sub

    End Module ' OverflowDemo
End Namespace ' NDP_UE_VB

' This example of
'    Exception.Message,
'    Exception.HelpLink,
'    Exception.Source,
'    Exception.StackTrace, and
'    Exception.TargetSite
' generates the following output.
' 
' Message ---
' The log table has overflowed. - Record "Log record number 5" was not logged.
' 
' HelpLink ---
' https://learn.microsoft.com
' 
' Source ---
' Exception_Class_Samples
' 
' StackTrace ---
'    at NDP_UE_VB.LogTable.AddRecord(String newRecord)
'    at NDP_UE_VB.OverflowDemo.Main()
' 
' TargetSite ---
' Int32 AddRecord(System.String)

Remarks

The execution stack keeps track of all the methods that are in execution at a given instant. A trace of the method calls is called a stack trace. The stack trace listing provides a way to follow the call stack to the line number in the method where the exception occurs.

The StackTrace property returns the frames of the call stack that originate at the location where the exception was thrown. You can obtain information about additional frames in the call stack by creating a new instance of the System.Diagnostics.StackTrace class and using its StackTrace.ToString method.

The common language runtime (CLR) updates the stack trace whenever an exception is thrown in application code (by using the throw keyword). If the exception was rethrown in a method that is different than the method where it was originally thrown, the stack trace contains both the location in the method where the exception was originally thrown, and the location in the method where the exception was rethrown. If the exception is thrown, and later rethrown, in the same method, the stack trace only contains the location where the exception was rethrown and does not include the location where the exception was originally thrown.

The StackTrace property may not report as many method calls as expected because of code transformations, such as inlining, that occur during optimization.

Notes to Inheritors

The StackTrace property is overridden in classes that require control over the stack trace content or format.

By default, the stack trace is captured immediately before an exception object is thrown. Use StackTrace to get stack trace information when no exception is being thrown.

Exception.StackTrace Property (System) (original) (raw)