ls-files(1) - Linux manual page (original) (raw)

GIT-LS-FILES(1) Git Manual GIT-LS-FILES(1)

NAME top

   git-ls-files - Show information about files in the index and the
   working tree

SYNOPSIS top

   _git ls-files_ [-z] [-t] [-v] [-f]
                   [-c|--cached] [-d|--deleted] [-o|--others] [-i|--ignored]
                   [-s|--stage] [-u|--unmerged] [-k|--killed] [-m|--modified]
                   [--resolve-undo]
                   [--directory [--no-empty-directory]] [--eol]
                   [--deduplicate]
                   [-x <pattern>|--exclude=<pattern>]
                   [-X <file>|--exclude-from=<file>]
                   [--exclude-per-directory=<file>]
                   [--exclude-standard]
                   [--error-unmatch] [--with-tree=<tree-ish>]
                   [--full-name] [--recurse-submodules]
                   [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--format=<format>] [--] [<file>...]

DESCRIPTION top

   This command merges the file listing in the index with the actual
   working directory list, and shows different combinations of the
   two.

   Several flags can be used to determine which files are shown, and
   each file may be printed multiple times if there are multiple
   entries in the index or if multiple statuses are applicable for
   the relevant file selection options.

OPTIONS top

   -c, --cached
       Show all files cached in Git’s index, i.e. all tracked files.
       (This is the default if no -c/-s/-d/-o/-u/-k/-m/--resolve-undo
       options are specified.)

   -d, --deleted
       Show files with an unstaged deletion

   -m, --modified
       Show files with an unstaged modification (note that an
       unstaged deletion also counts as an unstaged modification)

   -o, --others
       Show other (i.e. untracked) files in the output

   -i, --ignored
       Show only ignored files in the output. Must be used with
       either an explicit _-c_ or _-o_. When showing files in the index
       (i.e. when used with _-c_), print only those files matching an
       exclude pattern. When showing "other" files (i.e. when used
       with _-o_), show only those matched by an exclude pattern.
       Standard ignore rules are not automatically activated;
       therefore, at least one of the **--exclude*** options is required.

   -s, --stage
       Show staged contents' mode bits, object name and stage number
       in the output.

   --directory
       If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its
       name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents. Has
       no effect without -o/--others.

   --no-empty-directory
       Do not list empty directories. Has no effect without
       --directory.

   -u, --unmerged
       Show information about unmerged files in the output, but do
       not show any other tracked files (forces --stage, overrides
       --cached).

   -k, --killed
       Show untracked files on the filesystem that need to be removed
       due to file/directory conflicts for tracked files to be able
       to be written to the filesystem.

   --resolve-undo
       Show files having resolve-undo information in the index
       together with their resolve-undo information. (resolve-undo
       information is what is used to implement "git checkout -m
       $PATH", i.e. to recreate merge conflicts that were
       accidentally resolved)

   -z
       \0 line termination on output and do not quote filenames. See
       OUTPUT below for more information.

   --deduplicate
       When only filenames are shown, suppress duplicates that may
       come from having multiple stages during a merge, or giving
       **--deleted** and **--modified** option at the same time. When any of
       the **-t**, **--unmerged**, or **--stage** option is in use, this option
       has no effect.

   -x <pattern>, --exclude=<pattern>
       Skip untracked files matching pattern. Note that pattern is a
       shell wildcard pattern. See EXCLUDE PATTERNS below for more
       information.

   -X <file>, --exclude-from=<file>
       Read exclude patterns from <file>; 1 per line.

   --exclude-per-directory=<file>
       Read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the
       directory and its subdirectories in <file>. If you are trying
       to emulate the way Porcelain commands work, using the
       **--exclude-standard** option instead is easier and more thorough.

   --exclude-standard
       Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
       in each directory, and the user’s global exclusion file.

   --error-unmatch
       If any <file> does not appear in the index, treat this as an
       error (return 1).

   --with-tree=<tree-ish>
       When using --error-unmatch to expand the user supplied <file>
       (i.e. path pattern) arguments to paths, pretend that paths
       which were removed in the index since the named <tree-ish> are
       still present. Using this option with **-s** or **-u** options does
       not make any sense.

   -t
       Show status tags together with filenames. Note that for
       scripting purposes, [git-status(1)](../man1/git-status.1.html) **--porcelain** and
       [git-diff-files(1)](../man1/git-diff-files.1.html) **--name-status** are almost always superior
       alternatives; users should look at [git-status(1)](../man1/git-status.1.html) **--short** or
       [git-diff(1)](../man1/git-diff.1.html) **--name-status** for more user-friendly alternatives.

       This option provides a reason for showing each filename, in
       the form of a status tag (which is followed by a space and
       then the filename). The status tags are all single characters
       from the following list:

       H
           tracked file that is not either unmerged or skip-worktree

       S
           tracked file that is skip-worktree

       M
           tracked file that is unmerged

       R
           tracked file with unstaged removal/deletion

       C
           tracked file with unstaged modification/change

       K
           untracked paths which are part of file/directory conflicts
           which prevent checking out tracked files

       ?
           untracked file

       U
           file with resolve-undo information

   -v
       Similar to **-t**, but use lowercase letters for files that are
       marked as _assume unchanged_ (see [git-update-index(1)](../man1/git-update-index.1.html)).

   -f
       Similar to **-t**, but use lowercase letters for files that are
       marked as _fsmonitor valid_ (see [git-update-index(1)](../man1/git-update-index.1.html)).

   --full-name
       When run from a subdirectory, the command usually outputs
       paths relative to the current directory. This option forces
       paths to be output relative to the project top directory.

   --recurse-submodules
       Recursively calls ls-files on each active submodule in the
       repository. Currently there is only support for the --cached
       and --stage modes.

   --abbrev[=<n>]
       Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object lines,
       show the shortest prefix that is at least _<n>_ hexdigits long
       that uniquely refers the object. Non default number of digits
       can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.

   --debug
       After each line that describes a file, add more data about its
       cache entry. This is intended to show as much information as
       possible for manual inspection; the exact format may change at
       any time.

   --eol
       Show <eolinfo> and <eolattr> of files. <eolinfo> is the file
       content identification used by Git when the "text" attribute
       is "auto" (or not set and core.autocrlf is not false).
       <eolinfo> is either "-text", "none", "lf", "crlf", "mixed" or
       "".

       "" means the file is not a regular file, it is not in the
       index or not accessible in the working tree.

       <eolattr> is the attribute that is used when checking out or
       committing, it is either "", "-text", "text", "text=auto",
       "text eol=lf", "text eol=crlf". Since Git 2.10 "text=auto
       eol=lf" and "text=auto eol=crlf" are supported.

       Both the <eolinfo> in the index ("i/<eolinfo>") and in the
       working tree ("w/<eolinfo>") are shown for regular files,
       followed by the ("attr/<eolattr>").

   --sparse
       If the index is sparse, show the sparse directories without
       expanding to the contained files. Sparse directories will be
       shown with a trailing slash, such as "x/" for a sparse
       directory "x".

   --format=<format>
       A string that interpolates %(**fieldname**) from the result being
       shown. It also interpolates %% to %, and %xXX where **XX** are hex
       digits interpolates to character with hex code **XX**; for example
       %x00 interpolates to \0 (NUL), %x09 to \t (TAB) and %x0a to \n
       (LF). --format cannot be combined with **-s**, **-o**, **-k**, **-t**,
       **--resolve-undo** and **--eol**.

   --
       Do not interpret any more arguments as options.

   <file>
       Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the
       other specified criteria are shown.

OUTPUT top

   _git ls-files_ just outputs the filenames unless **--stage** is
   specified in which case it outputs:

       [<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file>

   _git ls-files --eol_ will show
   i/<eolinfo><SPACES>w/<eolinfo><SPACES>attr/<eolattr><SPACE*><TAB><file>

   _git ls-files --unmerged_ and _git ls-files --stage_ can be used to
   examine detailed information on unmerged paths.

   For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1
   pair, the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in
   stage 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3. This information can be
   used by the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually
   be recorded at the path. (see [git-read-tree(1)](../man1/git-read-tree.1.html) for more
   information on state)

   Without the **-z** option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are
   quoted as explained for the configuration variable **core.quotePath**
   (see [git-config(1)](../man1/git-config.1.html)). Using **-z** the filename is output verbatim and
   the line is terminated by a NUL byte.

   It is possible to print in a custom format by using the **--format**
   option, which is able to interpolate different fields using a
   %(**fieldname**) notation. For example, if you only care about the
   "objectname" and "path" fields, you can execute with a specific
   "--format" like

       git ls-files --format='%(objectname) %(path)'

FIELD NAMES top

   The way each path is shown can be customized by using the
   **--format=**_<format>_ option, where the %(fieldname) in the <format>
   string for various aspects of the index entry are interpolated.
   The following "fieldname" are understood:

   objectmode
       The mode of the file which is recorded in the index.

   objecttype
       The object type of the file which is recorded in the index.

   objectname
       The name of the file which is recorded in the index.

   objectsize[:padded]
       The object size of the file which is recorded in the index
       ("-" if the object is a **commit** or **tree**). It also supports a
       padded format of size with "%(objectsize:padded)".

   stage
       The stage of the file which is recorded in the index.

   eolinfo:index, eolinfo:worktree
       The <eolinfo> (see the description of the **--eol** option) of the
       contents in the index or in the worktree for the path.

   eolattr
       The <eolattr> (see the description of the **--eol** option) that
       applies to the path.

   path
       The pathname of the file which is recorded in the index.

EXCLUDE PATTERNS top

   _git ls-files_ can use a list of "exclude patterns" when traversing
   the directory tree and finding files to show when the flags
   --others or --ignored are specified. [gitignore(5)](../man5/gitignore.5.html) specifies the
   format of exclude patterns.

   These exclude patterns can be specified from the following places,
   in order:

    1. The command-line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a single
       pattern. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in
       the command line.

    2. The command-line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a file
       containing a list of patterns. Patterns are ordered in the
       same order they appear in the file.

    3. The command-line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
       a name of the file in each directory _git ls-files_ examines,
       normally **.gitignore**. Files in deeper directories take
       precedence. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear
       in the files.

   A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
   from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the top
   of the directory tree. A pattern read from a file specified by
   --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
   pattern file appears in.

   Generally, you should be able to use **--exclude-standard** when you
   want the exclude rules applied the same way as what Porcelain
   commands do. To emulate what **--exclude-standard** specifies, you can
   give **--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore**, and then specify:

    1. The file specified by the **core.excludesfile** configuration
       variable, if exists, or the **$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore** file.

    2. The **$GIT_DIR/info/exclude** file.

   via the **--exclude-from=** option.

SEE ALSO top

   [git-read-tree(1)](../man1/git-read-tree.1.html), [gitignore(5)](../man5/gitignore.5.html)

GIT top

   Part of the [git(1)](../man1/git.1.html) suite

COLOPHON top

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Git 2.48.1.166.g58b580 2025-01-31 GIT-LS-FILES(1)

Pages that refer to this page:git(1), git-check-ignore(1), git-merge(1), git-read-tree(1), git-update-index(1)