Grootfonteinite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About GrootfonteiniteHide
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Specific Gravity:
6.856 (Calculated)
Name:
Named after the Grootfontein district, that includes the type locality.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46809:7
292b2e90-655a-4722-b354-690ba751dfe6
IMA Classification of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Type description reference:
Siidra, Oleg I., Jonsson, Erik, Chukanov, Nikita V., Nekrasova, Diana O., Pekov, Igor V., Depmeier, Wulf, Polekhovsky, Yury S., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O. (2018) Grootfonteinite, Pb3O(CO3)2, a new mineral species from the Kombat Mine, Namibia, merotypically related to hydrocerussite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (2) 383-391 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2723
Classification of GrootfonteiniteHide
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5.BE.40
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
E : With Pb, Bi
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gtf | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Hardness:
VHN20=48.7 - 66.1 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.856 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Could not be measured
Optical Data of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Anisotropism:
Weak, ΔR(589nm)=2.1%, masked by internal reflections
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 11.7% | 13.9% |
| 420nm | 11.4% | 13.6% |
| 440nm | 11.1% | 13.3% |
| 460nm | 10.9% | 13.1% |
| 470nm | 10.8% | 13.0% |
| 480nm | 10.7% | 12.9% |
| 500nm | 10.6% | 12.8% |
| 520nm | 10.5% | 12.7% |
| 540nm | 10.5% | 12.6% |
| 546nm | 10.5% | 12.6% |
| 560nm | 10.4% | 12.6% |
| 580nm | 10.4% | 12.5% |
| 589nm | 10.3% | 12.5% |
| 600nm | 10.3% | 12.4% |
| 620nm | 10.3% | 12.4% |
| 640nm | 10.2% | 12.3% |
| 650nm | 10.2% | 12.3% |
| 660nm | 10.2% | 12.2% |
| 680nm | 10.2% | 12.2% |
| 700nm | 10.2% | 12.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 13.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Internal Reflections:
White
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Pb3O(CO3)2
Crystallography of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Class (H-M):
6_m_ m - Dihexagonal Pyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.303(1) Å, c = 13.770(2) Å
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.353 Å | (9) |
| 3.441 Å | (8) |
| 3.244 Å | (100) |
| 2.652 Å | (30) |
| 2.627 Å | (12) |
| 2.294 Å | (21) |
| 2.267 Å | (5) |
| 2.053 Å | (39) |
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of GrootfonteiniteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Platy grains up to 1 mm across and up to 0.2 mm thick.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Cotype material is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, catalogue number 20080176.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Complex, banded assemblage from a Mn(-Fe) oxide ore unit. May have formed by regional metamorphism of a primary, Pb-Mn-(As-Ba)-rich, chemically heterogeneous, volcanic-hydrothermal assemblage.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Siidra, O.I., Jonsson, E., Chukanov, N.V., Nekrasova, D.O., Pekov, I.V., Depmeier, W., Polekhovsky, Y.S., Yapaskurt, V.O. (2018) Grootfonteinite, Pb3O(CO3)2, a new mineral species from the Kombat Mine, Namibia, merotypically related to hydrocerussite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 30(2): 383-391.
Synonyms of GrootfonteiniteHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 5.BE.X | Abellaite | NaPb2(CO3)2(OH) | Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.BE.05 | Shannonite | Pb2O(CO3) | Orth. 222 : _P_212121 |
| 5.BE.10 | Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 5.BE.15 | Plumbonacrite | Pb5O(OH)2(CO3)3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_c_1 |
| 5.BE.20 | Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 | Tet. 4/m m m _(_4/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_4/m b m |
| 5.BE.25 | Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 | Orth. m _m_2 : I m _m_2 |
| 5.BE.30 | Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P m m n |
| 5.BE.35 | Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : I m m m |
| 5.BE.45 | Somersetite | Pb8O2(OH)2(CO3)5 | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for GrootfonteiniteHide
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References for GrootfonteiniteHide
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Reference List:
Siidra, Oleg I., Jonsson, Erik, Chukanov, Nikita V., Nekrasova, Diana O., Pekov, Igor V., Depmeier, Wulf, Polekhovsky, Yury S., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O. (2018) Grootfonteinite, Pb3O(CO3)2, a new mineral species from the Kombat Mine, Namibia, merotypically related to hydrocerussite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (2) 383-391 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2723
Siidra, Oleg, Nekrasova, Diana, Depmeier, Wulf, Chukanov, Nikita, Zaitsev, Anatoly, Turner, Rick (2018) Hydrocerussite-related minerals and materials: structural principles, chemical variations and infrared spectroscopy. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 74 (2). 182-195 doi:10.1107/s2052520618000768
Localities for GrootfonteiniteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
| Namibia (TL) | |
|---|---|
| Otjozondjupa Region Otavi Constituency Kombat ⓘ Kombat Mine (TL) | Hålenius et al. (2015) +1 other reference |