Braggite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About BraggiteHide
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Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named by F.A. Bannister in 1932 in honor of Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862, Wigton, Cumberland, England - 12 March 1942, London, England), physicist, chemist, mathematician at the University of Adelaide, University of Leeds, University College London, and the Royal Institution and his son Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890, Adelaide, South Australia - 1 July 1971, Waldringfield, Ipswich, Suffolk, England), physicist and X-ray crystallographer at the University of Manchester and University of Cambridge.
This father-son team was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics, "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays". This revolutionized crystallography and mineralogy. The mineral braggite was the first new mineral isolated and determined by these x-ray methods.
Braggite is stabilised by Pd (and Ni) contents, while cooperite (PtS) is not.
There is a miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite (Merkle & Verryn, 2003).
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:751:3
a5c9f6b3-98c0-45ff-92e3-f9875c340e90
IMA Classification of BraggiteHide
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IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval history:
Grandfathered
Redefined by IMA 2022 (proposal 22-E) as PdPt3S4
Type description reference:
Classification of BraggiteHide
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2.CC.35a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2.8.5.3
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.12.45
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Brg | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of BraggiteHide
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Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Sorry, your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio. | Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of BraggiteHide
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Hardness:
VHN100=946 - 1064 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
9.63 g/cm3 (Measured) 9.383 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of BraggiteHide
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Anisotropism:
Distinct in purplish and pinkish shades of gray and brown
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 41.3% | 41.8% |
440nm | 42.1% | 43.0% |
480nm | 42.5% | 43.8% |
520nm | 42.7% | 44.2% |
560nm | 42.5% | 44.2% |
600nm | 42.3% | 44.1% |
640nm | 41.9% | 44.0% |
680nm | 41.9% | 43.8% |
700nm | 41.5% | 43.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Chemistry of BraggiteHide
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Crystallography of BraggiteHide
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Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.367 Å, c = 6.561 Å
Unit Cell V:
265.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Prisms to 2 cm.
Twinning:
Sometimes observed
Crystal StructureHide
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ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009481 | Braggite | Childs J D, Hall S R (1973) The crystal structure of braggite, (Pt,Pd,Ni)S Acta Crystallographica B29 1446-1451 | 1973 | Potgietersrust district, Transvaal, South Africa | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.577 Å | (3) |
4.511 Å | (3) |
3.719 Å | (13) |
3.285 Å | (6) |
3.190 Å | (15) |
2.921 Å | (96) |
2.870 Å | (89) |
2.853 Å | (96) |
2.656 Å | (40) |
2.617 Å | (100) |
2.154 Å | (14) |
2.018 Å | (6) |
1.9286 Å | (2) |
1.8595 Å | (33) |
1.8055 Å | (17) |
1.7852 Å | (13) |
1.7695 Å | (16) |
1.7372 Å | (27) |
1.7192 Å | (37) |
1.7086 Å | (18) |
1.6425 Å | (14) |
1.5950 Å | (16) |
1.5579 Å | (2) |
1.5474 Å | (6) |
1.5434 Å | (4) |
1.5062 Å | (3) |
1.4659 Å | (3) |
1.4603 Å | (3) |
1.4348 Å | (3) |
1.4266 Å | (9) |
1.4235 Å | (16) |
1.3998 Å | (13) |
1.3941 Å | (10) |
1.3764 Å | (4) |
1.3673 Å | (2) |
1.2760 Å | (2) |
1.2738 Å | (2) |
1.2526 Å | (2) |
1.2291 Å | (2) |
1.2150 Å | (3) |
1.2038 Å | (6) |
1.1954 Å | (5) |
1.1935 Å | (6) |
1.1894 Å | (9) |
1.1847 Å | (5) |
1.1693 Å | (3) |
1.1659 Å | (4) |
1.1443 Å | (7) |
1.1278 Å | (3) |
1.1263 Å | (4) |
Comments:
ICDD 26-1301. See also ICDD 9-421.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Geological Setting:
Norites in mafic layered intrusives.
Type Occurrence of BraggiteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1932,1303–1304.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 105857.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Bannister, F.A., Hey, M.H. (1932) Determination of minerals in platinum concentrates from the Transvaal by X-ray methods. Mineralogical Magazine: 23: 188-208.
Other Language Names for BraggiteHide
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Relationship of Braggite to other SpeciesHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
---|---|---|---|
2.CC. | UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 | |
2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.1)S | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 | Trig. 32 : _P_3221 |
2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
2.CC. | Proxitwelvefoldite | Pd3Ni4Te8 | Tet. 4/m m m _(_4/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_42/m n m |
2.CC.05 | Achávalite | FeSe | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) | Hex. |
2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs | Hex. 6 : _P_63 |
2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m c m |
2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | beta-NiSe | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Sobolevskite | PdBi | Hex. |
2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS | Hex. |
2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : P_31_m |
2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS | Mon. |
2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
2.CC.15 | Modderite | (Co,Fe)As | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) |
2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
2.CC.15 | Westerveldite | (Fe,Ni,Co)As | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) |
2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
2.CC.20 | Millerite | NiS | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m |
2.CC.20 | Mäkinenite | γ-NiSe | Trig. 3_m_ |
2.CC.20 | UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S | |
2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS | Tet. 4/m m m _(_4/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_4/n m m |
2.CC.30 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? | Hex. |
2.CC.30 | Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 | Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m m c |
2.CC.35b | Cooperite | PtS | Tet. 4/m m m _(_4/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_42/m m c |
2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS | Tet. 4/m : _P_42/m |
2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
2.CC.50 | Imgreite | NiTe (?) | Hex. |
Fluorescence of BraggiteHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for BraggiteHide
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References for BraggiteHide
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Reference List:
Cabri, Louis J., Laflamme, J. H. Gilles, Stewart, John M., Turner, Kent, Skinner, Brian J. (1978) On cooperite, braggite, and vysotskite. American Mineralogist, 63 (9-10) 832-839
Localities for BraggiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.