Braggite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

About BraggiteHide

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Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Name:

Named by F.A. Bannister in 1932 in honor of Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862, Wigton, Cumberland, England - 12 March 1942, London, England), physicist, chemist, mathematician at the University of Adelaide, University of Leeds, University College London, and the Royal Institution and his son Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890, Adelaide, South Australia - 1 July 1971, Waldringfield, Ipswich, Suffolk, England), physicist and X-ray crystallographer at the University of Manchester and University of Cambridge.

This father-son team was awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics, "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays". This revolutionized crystallography and mineralogy. The mineral braggite was the first new mineral isolated and determined by these x-ray methods.

Braggite-Vysotskite Series.

Braggite is stabilised by Pd (and Ni) contents, while cooperite (PtS) is not.
There is a miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite (Merkle & Verryn, 2003).

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:751:3

a5c9f6b3-98c0-45ff-92e3-f9875c340e90

IMA Classification of BraggiteHide

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IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Approval history:

Grandfathered
Redefined by IMA 2022 (proposal 22-E) as PdPt3S4

Type description reference:

Classification of BraggiteHide

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2.CC.35a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.

2.8.5.3

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1

3.12.45

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Pronunciation of BraggiteHide

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Pronunciation:

Physical Properties of BraggiteHide

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Hardness:

VHN100=946 - 1064 kg/mm2 - Vickers

Density:

9.63 g/cm3 (Measured) 9.383 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BraggiteHide

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Anisotropism:

Distinct in purplish and pinkish shades of gray and brown

Reflectivity:

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White

Chemistry of BraggiteHide

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Crystallography of BraggiteHide

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Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/m - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.367 Å, c = 6.561 Å

Unit Cell V:

265.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prisms to 2 cm.

Twinning:

Sometimes observed

Crystal StructureHide

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ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0009481	Braggite	Childs J D, Hall S R (1973) The crystal structure of braggite, (Pt,Pd,Ni)S Acta Crystallographica B29 1446-1451		1973	Potgietersrust district, Transvaal, South Africa	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Comments:

ICDD 26-1301. See also ICDD 9-421.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Norites in mafic layered intrusives.

Type Occurrence of BraggiteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1932,1303–1304.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 105857.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Bannister, F.A., Hey, M.H. (1932) Determination of minerals in platinum concentrates from the Transvaal by X-ray methods. Mineralogical Magazine: 23: 188-208.

Other Language Names for BraggiteHide

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Relationship of Braggite to other SpeciesHide

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Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Fluorescence of BraggiteHide

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Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BraggiteHide

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References for BraggiteHide

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Reference List:

Cabri, Louis J., Laflamme, J. H. Gilles, Stewart, John M., Turner, Kent, Skinner, Brian J. (1978) On cooperite, braggite, and vysotskite. American Mineralogist, 63 (9-10) 832-839

Merkle, R.K.W., Pikl, R., Verryn, S.M.C., De Waal, D. (1999) Raman spectra of synthetic ‘braggite’, (Pd,Pt,Ni)S. Mineralogical Magazine: 63: 363-367.

Localities for BraggiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. ⓘ Little Darling Creek	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Western Australia City of Karratha Karratha ⓘ Munni Munni Complex	HOATSON et al. (1992)
Austria
Styria Leoben District ⓘ Kraubath an der Mur	Malitch et al. (2001) +2 other references
Sankt Stefan ob Leoben Mitterberg ⓘ Unnamed chromite pit	Malitch et al. (2002)
Brazil
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Luanga Cr-Pt-Pd deposit	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	Berni et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad Province Blagoevgrad Municipality ⓘ Blagoevgrad placer deposits	Цинцов (1998)
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo	Atanasov (1990)
Canada
New Brunswick Kings Co. Cardwell Parish ⓘ Mechanic Settlement Pluton	Grammatikopoulos et al. (2006)
Ontario Kenora District Ring of Fire BMA527861 Area ⓘ Black Label deposit	Musa Karkus (2010)
Thunder Bay District Coldwell complex ⓘ Marathon deposit	Ames et al. (2017)
ⓘ W horizon	Good et al. (2017)
Lac des Iles Area ⓘ Lac des Iles Complex	Louis J. Cabri and J.H. Gilles Laflamme (1979) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lac des Iles Mine	Canadian Mineralogist et al. (1984)
Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine ⓘ Old Greenshields mine (Nayes mine; Beaudoin mine)	Canadian Mineralogist 28
ⓘ Thetford Mines	Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference
ⓘ Hall chrome pit (Hall mine; Thetford quarry)	Corrivaux et al. (1990)
China
Xinjiang Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.) ⓘ Qingshuiquan Cu deposit	Guofan Liu et al. (2005)
Ecuador
Esmeraldas Province ⓘ Santiago River placers	Weiser et al. (1993)
Finland
ⓘ Lapland	Törroos Ragnar +1 other reference
Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	Kojonen et al. (2007) +4 other references
ⓘ Rapeli-Kangas claim	Tuisku (2010)
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Kari Kojonen (2012)
ⓘ Sotajoki River	Kojonen et al. (2014)
ⓘ Koillismaa Complex	Gustafsson et al. (2019)
Penikat complex ⓘ Ala-Penikka Reef	Alapieti et al. (1986)
ⓘ Paasivaara Reef	5th International Platinum Symposium ... +2 other references
ⓘ Sompujärvi Reef	Econ Geol (1986)
ⓘ Kirakkajuppura PGE deposit	American Mineralogist +2 other references
Portimo complex ⓘ Kilvenjärvi Offset Sulfide-PGE Deposit	Andersen et al. (2006)
ⓘ Siika-Kämä PGE Reef	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Sodankylä ⓘ Keivitsa intrusion	Törmänen et al. (eds.) +3 other references
Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi) ⓘ Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine	33 IGC excursion No 15 +1 other reference
Viiankiaapa mire area ⓘ Sakattilampi (Sakatti deposit)	Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020)
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ain Bourg-en-Bresse Jayat ⓘ Jayat quarry	Ducluzaux (2022)
Lescheroux ⓘ Reyssouze River placer	Ducluzaux B. (2022)
Savoie Chambéry Marcieux ⓘ Marcieux quarry	Ducluzaux (2021)
Greece
Central Greece Phthiotis Domokos ⓘ Agios Stefanos mine	Tsikouras et al. (2016)
ⓘ Pindos ophiolite complex	Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +1 other reference
Thessaly Trikala Meteora ⓘ Pefki	Argirios Kapsiotis et al. (2011)
Greenland
Sermersooq Skaergaard intrusion ⓘ Platinova reef	Holwell et al. (2016)
India
Odisha Keonjhar District ⓘ Baula Complex	Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309
ⓘ Bangur gabbro	Augé et al. (2002, July)
ⓘ Nuasahi Complex	Sahu et al. (2022)
ⓘ Boula chromite deposit	Jena et al. (2017)
Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Rumoi Subprefecture ⓘ Obira coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae District Tomamae ⓘ Tomamae coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Madagascar
Atsinanana Antanambao Manampotsy District ⓘ Antanambao-Manampotsy area	Legendre et al. (1992)
ⓘ Ambodibonara Placer	Auge et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Myanmar
Sagaing Region Monywa District ⓘ Chindwin river	Hagen et al. (1990)
New Zealand
Southland Region Southland District Catlins Coast ⓘ Waikawa	Railton et al. (1990)
ⓘ Round Hill	Railton et al. (1990)
Russia
Kamchatka Krai Sobolevsky District ⓘ Mount Filipp	Mikon specimen
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Koura River	Zhmodik et al. (2016)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex Sisim Placer Zone ⓘ River Ko placer deposit	Barkov et al. (2021)
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Gritsenko et al. (2022)
Noril'sk Cu-Ni deposit Noril'sk-1 Cu-Ni deposit ⓘ Medvezhyi Ruchei Mine	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit	Gritsenko et al. (2022)
ⓘ Komsomol'skii Mine	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Kovalenker et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Western Sayan range ⓘ Idgimsky gabbro- peridotite-pyroxenite complex	Cherkasova et al. (2014, August)
Yermakovsky District ⓘ River Rudnaya	Barkov et al. (2018)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)	Gabov (2010)
ⓘ Eastern Pana block	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
ⓘ East Chuarvy	Hålenius et al. (2018)
ⓘ Fedorova Tundra block	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ FT-1 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ FT-2 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ North Kamennik deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Northern PGE reef	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
ⓘ Southern PGE Reef	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Western Pana block	Groshev et al. (2019)
Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Sorokhtina et al. (2021)
ⓘ Monche tundra intrusion	www.duke.edu (2003)
ⓘ Loypishnyun deposit	Chashchin et al. (2018)
ⓘ Monchetundra deposit	Grokhovskaya et al. (2009)
ⓘ Monchegorsk	Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008)
Sopcha Massif ⓘ Monchegorsk Cu-Ni Deposit	Grokhovskaya et al. (2003)
ⓘ Sopcha Mt	- (2014)
ⓘ Vuruchuaivench prospect	Grokhovskaya et al. (2014)
ⓘ Pechengsky District	Chashchin et al. (2013)
ⓘ Volchetundra massif	Chashchin et al. (2013)
Novosibirsk Oblast Egor’evsk ore placer district Ik placer field ⓘ Simonovsky Brook gold placer	Podlipsky et al. (2007)
Perm Krai Gornozavodskii District Sarany ⓘ Saranovskii Mine	Puzik (2019)
Republic of Karelia Burakovskii Layered Complex ⓘ Shalozerskoe (Kuk Ruchei) deposit	Grishaenko et al. (2007)
Kondopozhsky District ⓘ Vikshozero deposit	- (2014)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	Eur. J. Mineral. +1 other reference
ⓘ Nadezhda PGM deposit	Barkov et al. (2001)
Northern Karelia ⓘ Kaalamo massif	Lavrov et al. (2017)
Suojärvi District ⓘ Kuolisma gabbrodolerite	Коневин et al. (2020)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Kachkanar Kachkanar Complex Kachkanarskoe ⓘ Western pit	Stepanov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Syum-Keu Ophiolite Massif	Gurskaya (2002)
Ural Mountains Polar Urals ⓘ Dzelyatyshor massif	Cherkasova et al. (2014, August)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Labytnangi ⓘ Ozernoe Occurrence	Murzin et al. (2022)
Sierra Leone
Western Area Freetown layered complex ⓘ Big Water	Bowles et al. (2018)
South Africa
ⓘ Bushveld Complex	... +1 other reference
Eastern Cape Alfred Nzo District Municipality Umzimvubu Local Municipality Insizwa ⓘ Waterfall gorge	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Limpopo Capricorn District Municipality Blouberg Local Municipality ⓘ Nonnenwerth 421 LR farm	Manyeruke (2007)
ⓘ Waterberg project	McCreesh et al. (2018)
ⓘ T-Zone	McCreesh et al. (2018)
Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality ⓘ Atok Mine	Schwellnus et al. (1976) +1 other reference
ⓘ Booysendal North Mine	McCall (2016)
ⓘ Driekop Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Helena Chrome Mine	Kottke-Levin (2011)
ⓘ Lebowa Mine	- (2014) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lesego project	Montjoie (2018)
ⓘ Maandagshoek Farm	Melcher et al. (2005)
ⓘ Modikwa Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Mooihoek Farm 255 KT	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Steelpoort ⓘ Onverwacht Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Waterberg District Municipality Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality Mookgophong ⓘ Waterberg deposit	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Rietfontein	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Mogalakwena Local Municipality ⓘ Mokopane (TL)	Bannister et al. (1932)
ⓘ Akanani prospects	Ndhlovu (2017)
ⓘ Overysel deposit	Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sandsloot mine	Holwell et al. (2006)
ⓘ Tweefontein Farm	Cabri et al. (1976) +1 other reference
ⓘ Zwartfontein	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Thabazimbi Local Municipality Thabazimbi ⓘ Northam Platinum mine	Roberts
ⓘ Zondereinde Mine	McCall (2016)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Madibeng Local Municipality ⓘ Brits	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Crocodile River Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Hoekfontein Farm	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Merensky Reef	Barkov et al. (2001)
Rustenburg Local Municipality ⓘ Marikana	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Lonmin Marikana Mine	Dzvinamurungu (2012)
Rustenburg ⓘ Boschfontein Farm	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Brakspruit Farm	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Impala Platinum mines	Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ Karee Mine	Junge et al. (2014)
Royal Bafokeng ⓘ Bafokeng-Rasimone Mine	Smith et al. (2013)
ⓘ Rustenburg Town & Townlands Farm
ⓘ Western Platinum Mine	Brynard et al. (1976) +1 other reference
ⓘ UG-2 Reef	Voordouw et al. (2010)
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
Galicia A Coruña ⓘ Herbeira ultramafic massif	Zaccarini F et al. (PGE) +5 other references
Turkey
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu et al. (2010)
UK
ⓘ Scotland	Tindle (2008)
Highland Caol and Mallaig Isle of Rum ⓘ Rum Central Complex	Power et al. (2000)
USA
Alaska Kodiak Island Borough Tugidak Island ⓘ Southern beach placer	Belkin et al. (2021)
Minnesota Lake County Beaver Bay Beaver Bay Complex ⓘ Sonju Lake intrusion	Chusi Li et al. (2008)
Montana ⓘ Stillwater Complex	August 2006 +4 other references
Stillwater County Blakely Creek ⓘ Frog Pond	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
ⓘ Iron Mountain	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
J-M Reef (Howland Reef) ⓘ Minneapolis adit	Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 23 (1 985)
ⓘ Lost Mountain	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
ⓘ Frog Pond	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
ⓘ Mountain View	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
ⓘ Stillwater Mine	Rifai +5 other references
ⓘ West Fork adit	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986)
Sweet Grass County ⓘ East Boulder Mine (East Boulder project prospect; Frog Pond adit; Frog Pond audit; Jack Pine project; J-M Reef)	Robert C. Smith II Ph.D. P.G. +1 other reference
ⓘ Picket Pins prospect (Picket Pin occurrence)	Corkery (2002)
ⓘ Stillwater Mine (Johns-Manville Stillwater Platinum; Stillwater PGM Resources; Stillwater Platinum Project; M Prospect)	...
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith et al. (2011)
Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Chegutu District ⓘ Hartley Mine	Stribrny et al. (2000) +5 other references
Masvingo Chiredzi District Chiredzi mining district (Hartley mining district) ⓘ Makwiro River	Oberthür et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Midlands Shurugwi District ⓘ Umtebekwe River	Oberthür et al. (2013)
ⓘ Unki Mine	Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001)
Zvishavane District Zvishavane (Shabani; Shabanie; Shavani) ⓘ Mimosa Mine	Allan H. Wilson and Martin D. Prendergast (2001) +1 other reference