2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (original) (raw)

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Kyselina trichlorfenoxyoctová (2,4,5-T) je organochloridový pesticid, který proslul zejména jako jedna ze složek defoliantu Agent Orange, který byl masově nasazen americkou armádou během války ve Vietnamu.

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dbo:abstract Kyselina trichlorfenoxyoctová (2,4,5-T) je organochloridový pesticid, který proslul zejména jako jedna ze složek defoliantu Agent Orange, který byl masově nasazen americkou armádou během války ve Vietnamu. (cs) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin, is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants. It was developed in the late 1940s and was widely used in the agricultural industry until being phased out, starting in the late 1970s due to toxicity concerns. Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the British in the Malayan Emergency and the U.S. in the Vietnam War, was equal parts 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). 2,4,5-T itself is toxic with a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg/day and a LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. Additionally, the manufacturing process for 2,4,5-T contaminates this chemical with trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD is a carcinogenic persistent organic pollutant with long-term effects on the environment. With proper temperature control during production of 2,4,5-T, TCDD levels can be held to about .005 ppm. Before the TCDD risk was well understood, early production facilities lacked proper temperature controls and individual batches tested later were found to have as much as 60 ppm of TCDD. In 1970, the United States Department of Agriculture halted the use of 2,4,5-T on all food crops except rice, and in 1985, the EPA terminated all remaining uses in the U.S. of this herbicide. In Canada, the use and sale of 2,4,5-T was prohibited after 1985. The international trade of 2,4,5-T is restricted by the Rotterdam Convention. 2,4,5-T has since largely been replaced by dicamba and triclopyr. Human health effects from 2,4,5-T at low environmental doses or at biomonitored levels from low environmental exposures are unknown. Intentional overdoses and unintentional high dose occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides have resulted in weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, myotonia, hypotension, renal and hepatic injury, and delayed neuropathy. Cometabolism of 2,4,5-T is possible to produce 3,5-dichlorocatechol which, in turn, can be degraded by Pseudomonas bacteria.IARC considers the chlorophenoxyacetic acids group of chemicals as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In 1963 a production vessel for 2,4,5-T exploded in the Philips-Duphar plant in the Netherlands. Six workers that cleaned up afterwards got seriously intoxicated and developed chloracne. After twelve years, four of the six cleaners had died. (en) Triklorofenokso-acetata acido, triklorofenokso-etanoata acido aŭ C8H5Cl3O3 estas ĉefa kombinaĵo de la Oranĝa agento, tre uzata en la Vjetnama milito, kune kun napalmo, du alte mortigaj armiloj. La ambaŭa uzo estis malpermesata pro la kruelaĵo de la kaŭzataj konsekvencoj. Ĝi estas solvebla en etanolo kaj kristaliĝas ekde benzeno. En ĉeesto de natria hidroksido ĝi estigas akvo-solveblajn alkanolaminajn salojn. Komerca produkto kutime troviĝas sub la formoj de aminaj aŭ esteraj derivaĵoj, ofte miksita kun duklorofenokso-acetata acido. (eo) 2,4,5-Trichlorphenoxyessigsäure (kurz 2,4,5-T, auch bekannt als T-Säure) ist ein von der Phenoxyessigsäure abgeleitetes Herbizid. Umweltrelevanz hatte 2,4,5-T vor allem durch seine Verunreinigung mit 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlordibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Es war ein wichtiger Bestandteil der im Vietnamkrieg eingesetzten Entlaubungsmittel. Unfälle bei der Herstellung führten einige Male zur Dioxin-Freisetzung. (de) El 2,4,5-T,​ (nombre químico: ácido 2, 4, 5- triclorofenoxiacético) es una auxina sintética con efectos plaguicidas, prohibido en todas sus formulaciones y usos por el Convenio de Róterdam, por ser dañino para la salud humana y el ambiente. (es) L'acide 2,4,5-trichlorophénoxyacétique, ou 2,4,5-T, est une auxine synthétique de formule brute C8H5Cl3O3 faisant partie de la famille des acides chlorophénoxyalkanoïques. C'est une substance active herbicide qui a été, entre autres, un constituant de l'agent orange, herbicide utilisé à grande échelle durant la guerre du Viêt Nam. (fr) 2,4,5-트리클로로페녹시 초산(영어: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-T) 또는 2,4,5-트라이클로로페녹시아세트산은 현재 허용되지 않은 잎이 넓은 식물용 제초제이자 화학 합성 농약이다. 2,4-디클로로페녹시아세트산(2,4-D)와 구조적으로 유사하고, 2,4-D뿐만 아니라 식물 호르몬인 다이옥신 작용을 나타낸다. 제초제의 구조도 마찬가지이다. 2,4-D보다 벼와 식물에 크게 작용한다. 또한 귤, 사과 등 과실 방지, 과실 비대의 효과도 있다. 베트남 전쟁에서 사용된 고엽제는 2,4,5-T와 2,4-D의 혼합물이며, 합성 과정에서 다이옥신 류의 일종 2,3,7,8-테트라클로로디벤조- p-디오키신(TCDD)를 생성하며, 일반적으로 2,4,5-T 방지제보다는 TCDD를 훨씬 많이 포함하고 있기 때문에 문제가 되었다. (ko) 2,4,5-trichloorfenoxyazijnzuur is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C8H5Cl3O3. Het is een toxisch kleurloos en reukloos kristallijn poeder. De stof wordt gebruikt als herbicide. (nl) L'acido 2,4,5-triclorofenossiacetico è un acido carbossilico, il suo nome comune è 2,4,5-T. Viene utilizzato come diserbante e con l'acido 2,4-diclorofenossiacetico, anche conosciuto come 2,4-D, prende parte alla miscela conosciuta come Agente Arancio, sempre un diserbante. Un tempo commercializzato col nome Tormoca. (it) 2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸（2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシさくさん、2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 略称 2,4,5-T）は、現在認可されていない広葉用除草剤・化学合成農薬である。2,4-ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸（2,4-D）と構造的に似通っており、2,4-D同様、植物ホルモンであるオーキシン様の作用を示す。除草の仕組みも同様であるが、2,4-Dよりもイネ科植物への作用が大きい。また、ミカン、リンゴなどの落果防止、果実肥大の効果もある。 (ja) 2,4,5-Triklorfenoxiättiksyra (2,4,5-T) är en kemisk substans som tidigare ingick i herbicider, däribland Agent Orange och Hormoslyr. Ett amerikanskt förbud mot användning av ämnet inom jordbruket utfärdades 1985 av EPA. I Sverige förbjöds ämnet 1977. Ämnet kan ses som ett derivat av glykolsyra (hydroxiättiksyra) och även som ett klorderivat av fenoxiättiksyra. (sv) Ácido 2,4,5-Triclorofenoxiacético ou simplesmente 2,4,5-T é um composto organoclorado de formula é um composto cristalino branco sem cheiro quando puro, quando impuro possui um cheiro de vinagre e com cristais de coloração amarelada, laranja para marrom, seu ponto de ebulição o decompõe, podendo ser destilado a vácuo, é um agente insolúvel e água entrando em hidrólise ao passar de dias, o agente em ambiente é bem persistente podendo ficar por vários dias, semanas ou até meses. (pt) 2,4,5-T (kwas 2,4,5-trichlorofenoksyoctowy) – organiczny związek chemiczny stosowany jako fitotoksyczny bojowy środek trujący. Jest etatowym środkiem trującym armii USA. Stosowany w wojnie wietnamskiej. Określany przez żołnierzy amerykańskich "mordercą buszu" – bush-killer. (pl) 2,4,5-Трихлорфеноксиуксусная кислота (сокращённо 2,4,5-T) — синтетический ауксин, производное феноксиуксусной кислоты. Уже сам по себе токсичный, 2,4,5-Т в процессе производства загрязнялся следовыми количествами 2,3,7,8-тетрахлордибензодиоксина (2,3,7,8-ТХДД), канцерогеном и пестицидом с долгосрочными последствиями для окружающей среды. Во время войны во Вьетнаме применялся в качестве дефолианта. (ru) 2,4,5-三氯苯氧乙酸，也称2,4,5-涕酸或2,4,5-T，可用作植物的生长调节剂、除草剂。纯品为白色无臭晶体，难溶于水，对人体有一定危害。根据不同植物施用适当计量，可以防止植物落花落果，但用量不当会使植物受到严重伤害。2,4,5-三氯苯氧乙酸具有一定的毒性，對老鼠的LD50是389mg/kg ，而大鼠是500 mg/kg。 美軍在越戰時於越南所噴灑的橙劑之中，即含有2,4,5-T。 (zh)
dbo:alternativeName Trioxone (en) 2,4,5-T (en) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (en)
dbo:iupacName (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (en)
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dbp:imagealt Ball-and-stick model of 2,4,5-T (en)
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dbp:othernames 245 (xsd:integer) Trioxone (en)
dbp:pin acetic acid (en)
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dcterms:subject dbc:Acetic_acids dbc:Chlorobenzenes dbc:Auxinic_herbicides dbc:Obsolete_pesticides dbc:Phenoxyacetic_acids
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rdfs:comment Kyselina trichlorfenoxyoctová (2,4,5-T) je organochloridový pesticid, který proslul zejména jako jedna ze složek defoliantu Agent Orange, který byl masově nasazen americkou armádou během války ve Vietnamu. (cs) Triklorofenokso-acetata acido, triklorofenokso-etanoata acido aŭ C8H5Cl3O3 estas ĉefa kombinaĵo de la Oranĝa agento, tre uzata en la Vjetnama milito, kune kun napalmo, du alte mortigaj armiloj. La ambaŭa uzo estis malpermesata pro la kruelaĵo de la kaŭzataj konsekvencoj. Ĝi estas solvebla en etanolo kaj kristaliĝas ekde benzeno. En ĉeesto de natria hidroksido ĝi estigas akvo-solveblajn alkanolaminajn salojn. Komerca produkto kutime troviĝas sub la formoj de aminaj aŭ esteraj derivaĵoj, ofte miksita kun duklorofenokso-acetata acido. (eo) 2,4,5-Trichlorphenoxyessigsäure (kurz 2,4,5-T, auch bekannt als T-Säure) ist ein von der Phenoxyessigsäure abgeleitetes Herbizid. Umweltrelevanz hatte 2,4,5-T vor allem durch seine Verunreinigung mit 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlordibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Es war ein wichtiger Bestandteil der im Vietnamkrieg eingesetzten Entlaubungsmittel. Unfälle bei der Herstellung führten einige Male zur Dioxin-Freisetzung. (de) El 2,4,5-T,​ (nombre químico: ácido 2, 4, 5- triclorofenoxiacético) es una auxina sintética con efectos plaguicidas, prohibido en todas sus formulaciones y usos por el Convenio de Róterdam, por ser dañino para la salud humana y el ambiente. (es) L'acide 2,4,5-trichlorophénoxyacétique, ou 2,4,5-T, est une auxine synthétique de formule brute C8H5Cl3O3 faisant partie de la famille des acides chlorophénoxyalkanoïques. C'est une substance active herbicide qui a été, entre autres, un constituant de l'agent orange, herbicide utilisé à grande échelle durant la guerre du Viêt Nam. (fr) 2,4,5-트리클로로페녹시 초산(영어: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-T) 또는 2,4,5-트라이클로로페녹시아세트산은 현재 허용되지 않은 잎이 넓은 식물용 제초제이자 화학 합성 농약이다. 2,4-디클로로페녹시아세트산(2,4-D)와 구조적으로 유사하고, 2,4-D뿐만 아니라 식물 호르몬인 다이옥신 작용을 나타낸다. 제초제의 구조도 마찬가지이다. 2,4-D보다 벼와 식물에 크게 작용한다. 또한 귤, 사과 등 과실 방지, 과실 비대의 효과도 있다. 베트남 전쟁에서 사용된 고엽제는 2,4,5-T와 2,4-D의 혼합물이며, 합성 과정에서 다이옥신 류의 일종 2,3,7,8-테트라클로로디벤조- p-디오키신(TCDD)를 생성하며, 일반적으로 2,4,5-T 방지제보다는 TCDD를 훨씬 많이 포함하고 있기 때문에 문제가 되었다. (ko) 2,4,5-trichloorfenoxyazijnzuur is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C8H5Cl3O3. Het is een toxisch kleurloos en reukloos kristallijn poeder. De stof wordt gebruikt als herbicide. (nl) L'acido 2,4,5-triclorofenossiacetico è un acido carbossilico, il suo nome comune è 2,4,5-T. Viene utilizzato come diserbante e con l'acido 2,4-diclorofenossiacetico, anche conosciuto come 2,4-D, prende parte alla miscela conosciuta come Agente Arancio, sempre un diserbante. Un tempo commercializzato col nome Tormoca. (it) 2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸（2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシさくさん、2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 略称 2,4,5-T）は、現在認可されていない広葉用除草剤・化学合成農薬である。2,4-ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸（2,4-D）と構造的に似通っており、2,4-D同様、植物ホルモンであるオーキシン様の作用を示す。除草の仕組みも同様であるが、2,4-Dよりもイネ科植物への作用が大きい。また、ミカン、リンゴなどの落果防止、果実肥大の効果もある。 (ja) 2,4,5-Triklorfenoxiättiksyra (2,4,5-T) är en kemisk substans som tidigare ingick i herbicider, däribland Agent Orange och Hormoslyr. Ett amerikanskt förbud mot användning av ämnet inom jordbruket utfärdades 1985 av EPA. I Sverige förbjöds ämnet 1977. Ämnet kan ses som ett derivat av glykolsyra (hydroxiättiksyra) och även som ett klorderivat av fenoxiättiksyra. (sv) Ácido 2,4,5-Triclorofenoxiacético ou simplesmente 2,4,5-T é um composto organoclorado de formula é um composto cristalino branco sem cheiro quando puro, quando impuro possui um cheiro de vinagre e com cristais de coloração amarelada, laranja para marrom, seu ponto de ebulição o decompõe, podendo ser destilado a vácuo, é um agente insolúvel e água entrando em hidrólise ao passar de dias, o agente em ambiente é bem persistente podendo ficar por vários dias, semanas ou até meses. (pt) 2,4,5-T (kwas 2,4,5-trichlorofenoksyoctowy) – organiczny związek chemiczny stosowany jako fitotoksyczny bojowy środek trujący. Jest etatowym środkiem trującym armii USA. Stosowany w wojnie wietnamskiej. Określany przez żołnierzy amerykańskich "mordercą buszu" – bush-killer. (pl) 2,4,5-Трихлорфеноксиуксусная кислота (сокращённо 2,4,5-T) — синтетический ауксин, производное феноксиуксусной кислоты. Уже сам по себе токсичный, 2,4,5-Т в процессе производства загрязнялся следовыми количествами 2,3,7,8-тетрахлордибензодиоксина (2,3,7,8-ТХДД), канцерогеном и пестицидом с долгосрочными последствиями для окружающей среды. Во время войны во Вьетнаме применялся в качестве дефолианта. (ru) 2,4,5-三氯苯氧乙酸，也称2,4,5-涕酸或2,4,5-T，可用作植物的生长调节剂、除草剂。纯品为白色无臭晶体，难溶于水，对人体有一定危害。根据不同植物施用适当计量，可以防止植物落花落果，但用量不当会使植物受到严重伤害。2,4,5-三氯苯氧乙酸具有一定的毒性，對老鼠的LD50是389mg/kg ，而大鼠是500 mg/kg。 美軍在越戰時於越南所噴灑的橙劑之中，即含有2,4,5-T。 (zh) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin, is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants. It was developed in the late 1940s and was widely used in the agricultural industry until being phased out, starting in the late 1970s due to toxicity concerns. Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the British in the Malayan Emergency and the U.S. in the Vietnam War, was equal parts 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). 2,4,5-T itself is toxic with a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg/day and a LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. Additionally, the manufacturing process for 2,4,5-T contaminates this chemical with trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD is a carcinogenic persistent organic pollutant with long-term effects on the e (en)
rdfs:label Kyselina trichlorfenoxyoctová (cs) 2,4,5-Trichlorphenoxyessigsäure (de) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (en) Triklorofenokso-acetata acido (eo) 2,4,5-T (es) Acido 2,4,5-triclorofenossiacetico (it) Acide 2,4,5-trichlorophénoxyacétique (fr) 2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸 (ja) 2,4,5-트리클로로페녹시 초산 (ko) 2,4,5-trichloorfenoxyazijnzuur (nl) Kwas 2,4,5-trichlorofenoksyoctowy (pl) 2,4,5-Трихлорфеноксиуксусная кислота (ru) 2,4,5-T (pt) 2,4,5-Triklorfenoxiättiksyra (sv) 2,4,5-三氯苯氧乙酸 (zh)
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