Abram Alikhanov (original) (raw)
Ο Αβραάμ Ισαχάκοβιτς Αλιχάνοφ (Αλιχανιάν, αρμενικά: Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան, 20 Φεβρουαρίου 1904 – 8 Δεκεμβρίου 1970) ήταν σοβιετικός αρμένιος φυσικός και ακαδημαϊκός της Ακαδημίας Επιστημών της ΕΣΣΔ. Ήταν ένας από τους επικεφαλής του σοβιετικού ατομικού εγχειρήματος. Το 1945 ίδρυσε και έγινε διευθυντής του Ινστιτούτου Θεωρητικής και Πειραματικής Φυσικής. Είναι γνωστός ως ένας από τους πατέρες της Σοβιετικής σωματιδιακής φυσικής.
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| dbo:abstract | Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow (russisch Абрам Исаакович Алиханов; * 20. Februarjul. / 4. März 1904greg. in Tiflis; † 8. Dezember 1970 in Moskau) war ein sowjetischer Physiker. Alichanow war armenischer Herkunft. Sein Vater war Zugführer. 1928 machte er seinen Abschluss in Physik am Polytechnikum in Leningrad. Alichanow entdeckte bei Untersuchungen zur künstlichen Radioaktivität 1934 zusammen mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Artjom Isaakowitsch Alichanjan (1908–1978), später einer der Gründer des Physikinstituts in Jerewan, die Emission von Elektron-Positron-Paaren durch hochangeregte Kerne. Außerdem forschte er über kosmische Strahlung und über die schwache Wechselwirkung (unter anderem zum Betazerfall). Zusammen mit seinem Bruder dem sowj. Physiker Alichanjan Artemi Isaakowitsch (1908–1978) entdeckte Abraham Isaakowitsch Alichanow - 1946/47 in der Höhenstrahlung die Varitronen (Mesonen). Varitronen sind Elementarteilchen in der Weltraumstrahlung, die sowohl eine positive als auch eine negative Ladung und verschiedene Massen besitzen können. Alichanow war mitbeteiligt an der Entwicklung des ersten sowjetischen Kernreaktors in Obninsk (1949) und der sowjetischen Atombombe. Ab 1945 gründete und leitete er das Labor 3, aus dem später das ITEP hervorging. Er leitete das Institut bis 1968. 1961 war er wesentlich am Bau des ersten sowjetischen Synchrotrons mit starker Fokussierung beteiligt (mit einer Beschleunigungsenergie von 7 GeV) und er war auch an den Plänen für die folgende Generation der Teilchenbeschleuniger in der Sowjetunion beteiligt. Er war seit 1939 korrespondierendes und seit 1943 Vollmitglied der Sowjetischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Alichanow erhielt dreimal den Staatspreis der UdSSR (1941, 1948, 1953) sowie den Leninorden, das Rote Banner der Arbeit und wurde 1954 Held der Sozialistischen Arbeit. Seine Grabstätte befindet sich auf dem Nowodewitschi-Friedhof in Moskau. (de) Ο Αβραάμ Ισαχάκοβιτς Αλιχάνοφ (Αλιχανιάν, αρμενικά: Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան, 20 Φεβρουαρίου 1904 – 8 Δεκεμβρίου 1970) ήταν σοβιετικός αρμένιος φυσικός και ακαδημαϊκός της Ακαδημίας Επιστημών της ΕΣΣΔ. Ήταν ένας από τους επικεφαλής του σοβιετικού ατομικού εγχειρήματος. Το 1945 ίδρυσε και έγινε διευθυντής του Ινστιτούτου Θεωρητικής και Πειραματικής Φυσικής. Είναι γνωστός ως ένας από τους πατέρες της Σοβιετικής σωματιδιακής φυσικής. (el) Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (ahl-eek-ahn-off; Russian: Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, born Alikhanian; 4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1904 – 8 December 1970) was a Soviet Armenian experimental physicist who specialized in particle and nuclear physics. He was one of the Soviet Union's leading physicists. Alikhanov studied X-rays and cosmic rays before joining the Soviet atomic bomb project. Between 1945 and 1968 he directed the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow, which was named after him in 2004. He led the development of both the first research and the first industrial heavy water reactors in the Soviet Union. They were commissioned in 1949 and 1951, respectively. He was also a pioneer in Soviet accelerator technology. In 1934 he and Igor Kurchatov created a "baby cyclotron", the first "cyclotron" operating outside of Berkeley, California. He was the driving force behind the construction of the 70 GeV synchrotron in Serpukhov (1967), the largest in the world at the time. His brother, Artem Alikhanian, was based in Soviet Armenia and led the Yerevan Physics Institute for many years. (en) Abraham Alikhanov (en russe : Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, Abram Isaakovitch Alikhanov ; en arménien : Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան, Alikhanian) (20 février 1904 – 8 décembre 1970) est un physicien soviétique d'origine arménienne, membre de l'Académie des sciences de l'URSS. Il a été un des fondateurs du projet nucléaire soviétique. En 1945, il fonde l'Institut de physique théorique et expérimentale. Il est considéré comme l'un des pères de la physique des particules de l'URSS avec Igor Kourtchatov. Il est le frère du physicien (en). (fr) Abram Isaakowicz Alichanow (Alichanian) (ros. Абрам Исаакович Алиханов (Алиханян), orm. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանով, ur. 4 marca 1904 w Jelizawietpolu (obecnie Gandża), zm. 8 grudnia 1970 w Moskwie) – radziecki fizyk. (pl) Abraham Isahakovich Alikhanov (Alikhanian, em armênio/arménio: Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան; Elisabethpol, Governorate de Elisabethpol, Império Russo, 20 de fevereiro de 1904 – Moscou, República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia, União Soviética, 8 de dezembro de 1970) foi um físico soviético armeniano, acadêmico da Academia de Ciências da União Soviética. Foi um dos líderes do projeto atômico soviético. Em 1945 fundou e foi diretor do . É conhecido como um dos pais da física de partículas soviética. (pt) Абрам Исаакович Алиханов (Алиханян) (арм. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանով; 20 февраля [4 марта] 1904, Тифлис, Российская империя — 8 декабря 1970, Москва, СССР) — советский физик. Один из основоположников ядерной физики в СССР. Один из создателей первой советской атомной бомбы. Основатель Института теоретической и экспериментальной физики. Член-корреспондент (1939), академик Академии наук СССР (1943), академик Академии наук Армянской ССР (1943). Герой Социалистического Труда, трижды лауреат Сталинской премии. Родной брат Артёма Исааковича Алиханьяна. (ru) Абра́м Іса́кович Аліха́нов (вірм. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան; *20 лютого (4 березня) 1904, Кіровабад — 8 грудня 1970, Москва) — вірменський радянський фізик, спеціаліст у галузях ядерної фізики і космічного проміння, академік АН СРСР (з 1943). (uk) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://elib.biblioatom.ru/text/alihanov-vospominaniya_2004/go,0/ http://serials.flib.sci.am/matenagitutyun/Abraham_ALixanov/book/content.html http://www.biblioatom.ru/founders/alikhanov_abram_isaakovich/ https://web.archive.org/web/20190719202951/http:/www.biblioatom.ru/founders/alikhanov_abram_isaakovich https://web.archive.org/web/20200127100626/http:/serials.flib.sci.am/matenagitutyun/Abraham_ALixanov/book/Binder1.pdf |
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| dbp:birthName | Abraham Alikhanian (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Elizavetpol, Elizavetpol Governorate, Russian Empire (en) |
| dbp:caption | Alikhanov in 1948 (en) |
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| dbp:name | Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (en) |
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| dbp:quote | "For all of the many facets of his scientific career, Alikhanov was primarily an experimental physicist—an experimentor in the highest sense of the word, as exemplified by Faraday and Rutherford." (en) |
| dbp:source | —from obituary in Soviet Physics Uspekhi (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ο Αβραάμ Ισαχάκοβιτς Αλιχάνοφ (Αλιχανιάν, αρμενικά: Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան, 20 Φεβρουαρίου 1904 – 8 Δεκεμβρίου 1970) ήταν σοβιετικός αρμένιος φυσικός και ακαδημαϊκός της Ακαδημίας Επιστημών της ΕΣΣΔ. Ήταν ένας από τους επικεφαλής του σοβιετικού ατομικού εγχειρήματος. Το 1945 ίδρυσε και έγινε διευθυντής του Ινστιτούτου Θεωρητικής και Πειραματικής Φυσικής. Είναι γνωστός ως ένας από τους πατέρες της Σοβιετικής σωματιδιακής φυσικής. (el) Abraham Alikhanov (en russe : Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, Abram Isaakovitch Alikhanov ; en arménien : Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան, Alikhanian) (20 février 1904 – 8 décembre 1970) est un physicien soviétique d'origine arménienne, membre de l'Académie des sciences de l'URSS. Il a été un des fondateurs du projet nucléaire soviétique. En 1945, il fonde l'Institut de physique théorique et expérimentale. Il est considéré comme l'un des pères de la physique des particules de l'URSS avec Igor Kourtchatov. Il est le frère du physicien (en). (fr) Abram Isaakowicz Alichanow (Alichanian) (ros. Абрам Исаакович Алиханов (Алиханян), orm. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանով, ur. 4 marca 1904 w Jelizawietpolu (obecnie Gandża), zm. 8 grudnia 1970 w Moskwie) – radziecki fizyk. (pl) Abraham Isahakovich Alikhanov (Alikhanian, em armênio/arménio: Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան; Elisabethpol, Governorate de Elisabethpol, Império Russo, 20 de fevereiro de 1904 – Moscou, República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia, União Soviética, 8 de dezembro de 1970) foi um físico soviético armeniano, acadêmico da Academia de Ciências da União Soviética. Foi um dos líderes do projeto atômico soviético. Em 1945 fundou e foi diretor do . É conhecido como um dos pais da física de partículas soviética. (pt) Абрам Исаакович Алиханов (Алиханян) (арм. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանով; 20 февраля [4 марта] 1904, Тифлис, Российская империя — 8 декабря 1970, Москва, СССР) — советский физик. Один из основоположников ядерной физики в СССР. Один из создателей первой советской атомной бомбы. Основатель Института теоретической и экспериментальной физики. Член-корреспондент (1939), академик Академии наук СССР (1943), академик Академии наук Армянской ССР (1943). Герой Социалистического Труда, трижды лауреат Сталинской премии. Родной брат Артёма Исааковича Алиханьяна. (ru) Абра́м Іса́кович Аліха́нов (вірм. Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան; *20 лютого (4 березня) 1904, Кіровабад — 8 грудня 1970, Москва) — вірменський радянський фізик, спеціаліст у галузях ядерної фізики і космічного проміння, академік АН СРСР (з 1943). (uk) Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (ahl-eek-ahn-off; Russian: Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, born Alikhanian; 4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1904 – 8 December 1970) was a Soviet Armenian experimental physicist who specialized in particle and nuclear physics. He was one of the Soviet Union's leading physicists. His brother, Artem Alikhanian, was based in Soviet Armenia and led the Yerevan Physics Institute for many years. (en) Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow (russisch Абрам Исаакович Алиханов; * 20. Februarjul. / 4. März 1904greg. in Tiflis; † 8. Dezember 1970 in Moskau) war ein sowjetischer Physiker. Alichanow war armenischer Herkunft. Sein Vater war Zugführer. 1928 machte er seinen Abschluss in Physik am Polytechnikum in Leningrad. Alichanow entdeckte bei Untersuchungen zur künstlichen Radioaktivität 1934 zusammen mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Artjom Isaakowitsch Alichanjan (1908–1978), später einer der Gründer des Physikinstituts in Jerewan, die Emission von Elektron-Positron-Paaren durch hochangeregte Kerne. (de) |
| rdfs:label | Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow (de) Αβραάμ Αλιχάνοφ (el) Abram Alikhanov (en) Abraham Alikhanov (fr) Abram Alichanow (pl) Abraham Alikhanov (pt) Алиханов, Абрам Исаакович (ru) Аліханов Абрам Ісакович (uk) |
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