Alap (original) (raw)
De alap (of alaap) is de trage, meditatieve opening van de uitvoering van een raga in de Hindoestaanse muziek. Toon voor toon wordt de raga ontvouwen voor het oor van de luisteraars. Geleidelijk aan wordt de onderliggende toonladder-structuur hoorbaar. De alap heeft tempo noch ritme.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | The Alap (/æˈlɑːp/; Hindustani: [aːˈlaːp]) is the opening section of a typical North Indian classical performance. It is a form of melodic improvisation that introduces and develops a raga. In dhrupad singing the alap is unmetered, improvised (within the raga) and unaccompanied (except for the tanpura drone), and started at a slow tempo.For people unfamiliar with the raga form, it introduces the mode (the pattern of ascending and perhaps different descending scale) to the listener. It defines the raga, its mood, and the emphasized notes and notes with a secondary role. It's like an invocation. Instead of wholly free improvisation, many musicians perform alap schematically, for example by way of vistar, where the notes of the raga are introduced one at a time, so that phrases never travel further than one note above or below what has been covered before. In such cases, the first reach into a new octave can be a powerful event. In instrumental music, when a steady pulse is introduced into the alap, it is called jor; when the tempo has been greatly increased, or when the rhythmic element overtakes the melodic, it is called jhala (dhrupad: nomtom). The jor and jhala can be seen as separate sections of the performance, or as parts of the alap; in the same way, jhala can be seen as a part of jor. Several musicologists have proposed much more complicated classifications and descriptions of alap. In the same way as traditional four-part compositions have a sthai, antara, sanchar and abhog, some treat alap with a four-part scheme using the same names. Bengali researcher Bimalakanto Raychoudhuri in his Bharatiya Sangeetkosh suggests classification both by length (aochar being the shortest, followed by bandhan, kayed and vistar) and by performance style (according to the four ancient vanis or singing styles – Gohar, Nauhar, Dagar and Khandar), and proceeds to list thirteen stages: 1. * Vilambit 2. * Madhya laya 3. * Drut 4. * Jhala 5. * Thok 6. * Lari/Ladi 7. * Larguthav 8. * Larlapet 9. * Paran 10. * Sath 11. * Dhuya 12. * Matha 13. * Paramatha Even though Raychoudhuri admits the 13th stage is wholly extinct, as we see we are in jhala already at the fourth stage; the sthai-to-abhog movement is all part of the first stage (vilambit). Stages six and up are for instrumentalists only. Other authorities have forwarded other classifications. For example, when alap is sung with lyrics or at least syllables, as in dhrupad, it is called sakshar as opposed to anakshar. (en) De alap (of alaap) is de trage, meditatieve opening van de uitvoering van een raga in de Hindoestaanse muziek. Toon voor toon wordt de raga ontvouwen voor het oor van de luisteraars. Geleidelijk aan wordt de onderliggende toonladder-structuur hoorbaar. De alap heeft tempo noch ritme. (nl) Alap – otwierająca sekcja ragi w stylu hindustańskim klasycznej muzyki indyjskiej. Alap jest improwizowany, wykonywany w wolnym tempie bez metrum i bez akompaniamentu (z wyjątkiem ). Zarówno w wykonaniu instrumentalnym, jak i wokalnym, ta część ragi może trwać ponad godzinę. Kolejne części ragi to dźor (z wprowadzeniem stałego rytmu) i dźhala (w dhrupadzie nomtom). Niekiedy obie te części utworu traktuje się jako części alapu.Instrumenty zwykle wykorzystywane do wykonywaniu alapu: * bansuri * * rebab * rudra vina * santur * sarangi * * sarod * shehnai * sitar * skrzypce * surbahar (pl) |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 577240 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 3208 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1082325742 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Nomtom dbr:Bengal dbr:Invocation dbr:Vilambit dbr:Drut dbr:Jhala dbr:Jor_(music) dbr:Lari/Ladi dbr:Drone_(music) dbr:Dhrupad dbr:Hindustani_classical_music dbr:Tanpura dbr:Alapana dbc:Formal_sections_in_music_analysis dbc:Hindustani_music_terminology dbr:Buka_(music) dbr:Raga dbr:Madhya_laya dbr:Thok |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Citation_needed dbt:For_multi dbt:IPA-hns dbt:IPAc-en dbt:Who |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Formal_sections_in_music_analysis dbc:Hindustani_music_terminology |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Section |
| rdf:type | yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:AuditoryCommunication107109019 yago:Communication100033020 yago:Music107020895 yago:Writing106362953 yago:WrittenCommunication106349220 dbo:Settlement yago:Section106392001 yago:WikicatFormalSectionsInMusicAnalysis |
| rdfs:comment | De alap (of alaap) is de trage, meditatieve opening van de uitvoering van een raga in de Hindoestaanse muziek. Toon voor toon wordt de raga ontvouwen voor het oor van de luisteraars. Geleidelijk aan wordt de onderliggende toonladder-structuur hoorbaar. De alap heeft tempo noch ritme. (nl) The Alap (/æˈlɑːp/; Hindustani: [aːˈlaːp]) is the opening section of a typical North Indian classical performance. It is a form of melodic improvisation that introduces and develops a raga. In dhrupad singing the alap is unmetered, improvised (within the raga) and unaccompanied (except for the tanpura drone), and started at a slow tempo.For people unfamiliar with the raga form, it introduces the mode (the pattern of ascending and perhaps different descending scale) to the listener. It defines the raga, its mood, and the emphasized notes and notes with a secondary role. It's like an invocation. (en) Alap – otwierająca sekcja ragi w stylu hindustańskim klasycznej muzyki indyjskiej. Alap jest improwizowany, wykonywany w wolnym tempie bez metrum i bez akompaniamentu (z wyjątkiem ). Zarówno w wykonaniu instrumentalnym, jak i wokalnym, ta część ragi może trwać ponad godzinę. Kolejne części ragi to dźor (z wprowadzeniem stałego rytmu) i dźhala (w dhrupadzie nomtom). Niekiedy obie te części utworu traktuje się jako części alapu.Instrumenty zwykle wykorzystywane do wykonywaniu alapu: (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Alap (en) Alap (muziek) (nl) Alap (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Alap yago-res:Alap wikidata:Alap dbpedia-nl:Alap dbpedia-pl:Alap dbpedia-pnb:Alap https://global.dbpedia.org/id/26xsk |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Alap?oldid=1082325742&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Alap |
| is dbo:musicSubgenre of | dbr:Jor_(music) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Larlapet dbr:Alapa dbr:Aalap |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Pran_Nath_(musician) dbr:Production_of_Pakeezah dbr:Mewati_gharana dbr:Bihag dbr:Bishnupur_gharana dbr:Blue_Jay_Way dbr:Born_This_Way_(song) dbr:Bhendibazaar_gharana dbr:V._R._Athavale dbr:Indore_gharana dbr:Maryan_(soundtrack) dbr:Pushparaj_Koshti dbr:Qawwali dbr:Elements_of_music dbr:Full_Circle:_Carnegie_Hall_2000 dbr:Gopal_Krishan dbr:Mr._and_Mrs._Iyer dbr:Consider_the_Source dbr:Anoushka_(album) dbr:Love_You_To dbr:Sisir_Kana_Dhar_Chowdhury dbr:Smack_My_Bitch_Up dbr:Computational_musicology dbr:Maihar_gharana dbr:Mushtaq_Ali_Khan dbr:Music_of_Rajasthan dbr:Bade_Ghulam_Ali_Khan dbr:Budhaditya_Mukherjee dbr:West_Meets_East dbr:Drone_music dbr:Jor_(music) dbr:Just_Alap_Raga_Ensemble dbr:Lakhwinder_Wadali dbr:Ahir_Bhairav dbr:Amir_Khan_(singer) dbr:Drishti_(film) dbr:Floodplain_(Kronos_Quartet_album) dbr:Bangla_Desh_(song) dbr:Pakeezah dbr:Dapha_music dbr:Darbhanga_gharana dbr:Dhrupad dbr:Khushal_Khan_Gunsamundra dbr:Khyal dbr:Javed_Bashir dbr:Tarapada_Chakraborty dbr:Karthik_(singer) dbr:Kaushiki_Chakraborty dbr:La_Monte_Young dbr:Larlapet dbr:Sunn_Raha_Hai dbr:Borgeet dbr:Buka_(music) dbr:Free_time_(music) dbr:Indian_classical_music dbr:Mere_Sanam dbr:Million_Dollar_Arm_(soundtrack) dbr:Narendra_Nath_Dhar dbr:Raavan_(soundtrack) dbr:Rag_Lalit dbr:Rag_Shankara,_Rag_Mala_in_Jogia dbr:Raga_rock dbr:Rais_Khan dbr:Ram_Narayan dbr:Ramakadha dbr:Ravi_Shankar dbr:Ravi_Shankar:_In_Celebration dbr:Shafqat_Amanat_Ali dbr:Shambhu_Das dbr:Shilpa_Rao dbr:Within_You_Without_You dbr:Yearning_(album) dbr:Rudra_veena dbr:Sargam_(music) dbr:Gwalior_gharana dbr:List_of_songs_recorded_by_Alka_Yagnik dbr:Padayappa_(soundtrack) dbr:Surbahar dbr:Wadali_Brothers dbr:Sandeep_Das dbr:Ravi_Shankar's_Music_Festival_from_India dbr:Ride_Rajbun dbr:Alapa dbr:Aalap |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Alap |