Advanced Video Coding (original) (raw)
H.264, o MPEG-4 part 10, és un còdec digital d'alta compressió estàndard desenvolupat durant quatre anys per l'ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) juntament amb l' Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). La intenció del projecte H.264/AVC va ser la de crear un estàndard que fos capaç de desenvolupar una bona qualitat d'imatge amb bit rates substancialment menors que els estàndards anteriors (MPEG-2, H.263 o MPEG-4 part 2). A més a més de no incrementar la complexitat en el seu disseny.
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| dbo:abstract | H.264, o MPEG-4 part 10, és un còdec digital d'alta compressió estàndard desenvolupat durant quatre anys per l'ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) juntament amb l' Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). La intenció del projecte H.264/AVC va ser la de crear un estàndard que fos capaç de desenvolupar una bona qualitat d'imatge amb bit rates substancialment menors que els estàndards anteriors (MPEG-2, H.263 o MPEG-4 part 2). A més a més de no incrementar la complexitat en el seu disseny. (ca) H.264, zvaný také MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding) nebo MPEG-4 část 10 je formát kódování videa, součást sady standardů MPEG-4. Finální podoba byla vytvořena v roce 2003. Od května 2003 do listopadu 2007 prošel standard 8 úpravami. Cílem bylo vytvořit nový standard, který bude vyhovovat nárokům jak na malou i velkou přenosovou rychlost, tak na nízké i vysoké rozlišení. V porovnání s ostatními staršími formáty je H.264 až o 50 % efektivnější. To znamená, že je možné zachovat stejnou kvalitu videa při poloviční velikosti a tím pádem i při nižší přenosové rychlosti. Standard se v mnohém podobá staršímu MPEG-2, používá nicméně některé pokročilejší postupy, které z něj dělají mnohem efektivnější kódovací standard. Formát byl vyvinut ve spolupráci dvou skupin – ITU-T VCEG (International Telecommunications Union – Video Coding Experts Group) a ISO/IEC JTC1 MPEG (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission – Moving Picture Experts Group). Nástupcem H.264 je H.265, jinak HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), který nabízí další velký skok v efektivitě komprese digitálního videa. V současné době je ale HEVC mnohem méně rozšířený než H.264. (cs) أتش 264 (بالإنجليزية: H.264) وهو معيار لضغط بيانات الصوت والصورة وهو يعدل إي في سي (MPEG-4 AVC) أو الجزء العاشر (MPEG-4 part 10). وإن أتش 264 وإم بي إي جي 4 الجزء العاشر يتم الحفاظ عليهما ليبقيان متشابهين في التركيبة التقنية. وتم تسليم آخر مسودة من النسخ الأولى لهذا المعيار في مارس 2003. (ar) Advanced Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding. It is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video industry developers as of September 2019. It supports resolutions up to and including 8K UHD. The intent of the H.264/AVC project was to create a standard capable of providing good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards (i.e., half or less the bit rate of MPEG-2, H.263, or MPEG-4 Part 2), without increasing the complexity of design so much that it would be impractical or excessively expensive to implement. This was achieved with features such as a reduced-complexity integer discrete cosine transform (integer DCT), variable block-size segmentation, and multi-picture inter-picture prediction. An additional goal was to provide enough flexibility to allow the standard to be applied to a wide variety of applications on a wide variety of networks and systems, including low and high bit rates, low and high resolution video, broadcast, DVD storage, RTP/IP packet networks, and ITU-T multimedia telephony systems. The H.264 standard can be viewed as a "family of standards" composed of a number of different profiles, although its "High profile" is by far the most commonly used format. A specific decoder decodes at least one, but not necessarily all profiles. The standard describes the format of the encoded data and how the data is decoded, but it does not specify algorithms for encoding video – that is left open as a matter for encoder designers to select for themselves, and a wide variety of encoding schemes have been developed. H.264 is typically used for lossy compression, although it is also possible to create truly lossless-coded regions within lossy-coded pictures or to support rare use cases for which the entire encoding is lossless. H.264 was standardized by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) of Study Group 16 together with the ISO/IEC JTC 1 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The project partnership effort is known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC standard (formally, ISO/IEC 14496-10 – MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding) are jointly maintained so that they have identical technical content. The final drafting work on the first version of the standard was completed in May 2003, and various extensions of its capabilities have been added in subsequent editions. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), a.k.a. H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2 is a successor to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC developed by the same organizations, while earlier standards are still in common use. H.264 is perhaps best known as being the most commonly used video encoding format on Blu-ray Discs. It is also widely used by streaming Internet sources, such as videos from Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Vimeo, YouTube, and the iTunes Store, Web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight, and also various HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial (ATSC, ISDB-T, DVB-T or DVB-T2), cable (DVB-C), and satellite (DVB-S and DVB-S2) systems. H.264 is restricted by patents owned by various parties. A license covering most (but not all) patents essential to H.264 is administered by a patent pool administered by MPEG LA. The commercial use of patented H.264 technologies requires the payment of royalties to MPEG LA and other patent owners. MPEG LA has allowed the free use of H.264 technologies for streaming Internet video that is free to end users, and Cisco Systems pays royalties to MPEG LA on behalf of the users of binaries for its open source H.264 encoder. (en) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC ist ein H.-Standard zur Videokompression. Nachfolger sind H.265, VP9 und Daala. Er wurde zunächst von der ITU (Study Group 16, Video Coding Experts Group) unter dem Namen H.26L entwickelt. Im Jahr 2001 schloss sich die ITU-Gruppe mit MPEG-Visual zusammen und führte die Entwicklung gemeinschaftlich im Joint Video Team (JVT) fort. Ziel des Projektes war es, ein Kompressionsverfahren zu entwerfen, das im Vergleich zu damaligen Standards sowohl für mobile Anwendungen als auch im TV- und HD-Bereich die benötigte Datenrate bei gleicher Qualität mindestens um die Hälfte reduziert. Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe stammen unter anderem vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Microsoft und Cisco Systems. Im Jahr 2003 wurde der Standard von beiden Organisationen mit identischem Wortlaut verabschiedet. Die ITU-Bezeichnung lautet dabei H.264. Bei ISO/IEC MPEG läuft der Standard unter der Bezeichnung MPEG-4/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) und ist der zehnte Teil des MPEG-4-Standards (MPEG-4/Part 10, ISO/IEC 14496-10). Der Standard sollte nicht mit dem MPEG-4/ASP-Standard verwechselt werden (MPEG-4/Part 2, ISO/IEC 14496-2). H.264 erreicht typischerweise eine etwa dreimal so hohe Codiereffizienz wie H.262 (MPEG-2) und ist wie auch H.262 für hoch aufgelöste Bilddaten (z. B. HDTV) ausgelegt. Das heißt, vergleichbare Qualität ist bei etwa einem Drittel der MPEG-2-Datenmenge zu erreichen. Allerdings ist der Rechenaufwand auch um den Faktor 2 bis 3 höher. Die für den Standard benutzten FourCCs sind „AVC1“, „DAVC“, „H264“, „x264“ und „VSSH“. Die Matroska-Codec-ID lautet „V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC“. Das standardisierte Dateiformat/Containerformat ist MP4. (de) H.264 o MPEG-4 parte 10 es una norma que define un códec de vídeo de alta compresión, desarrollada conjuntamente por el ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) y el ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). La intención del proyecto H.264/AVC fue la de crear un estándar capaz de proporcionar una buena calidad de imagen con tasas binarias notablemente inferiores a los estándares previos (MPEG-2, H.263 o MPEG-4 parte 2), además de no incrementar la complejidad de su diseño. Para garantizar un ágil desarrollo de la misma, la ITU-T y la ISO/IEC acordaron unirse para desarrollar conjuntamente la siguiente generación de códecs de vídeo. El Joint Video Team (JVT) estaba formado por expertos del VCEG y MPEG y nació en diciembre de 2001 con el objetivo de completar el desarrollo técnico del estándar hacia 2003. La ITU-T planeó adoptar el estándar bajo el nombre de ITU-T H.264 e ISO/IEC bajo el nombre de MPEG-4 Parte 10 Códec de Vídeo Avanzado (AVC) y de aquí surgió el nombre híbrido de H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Para empezar a programar el código del nuevo estándar adoptaron las siguientes premisas: * La estructura DCT + Compensación de Movimiento de las versiones anteriores era superior a otros estándares y por esto no había ninguna necesidad de hacer cambios fundamentales en la estructura. * Algunas formas de codificación de vídeo que habían sido excluidas en el pasado debido a su complejidad y su alto coste de implementación se volverían a examinar para su inclusión puesto que la tecnología VLSI había sufrido un adelanto considerable y una bajada de costes de implementación. * Para permitir una libertad máxima en la codificación y evitar restricciones que comprometan la eficiencia, no se contempla mantener la compatibilidad con normas anteriores. (es) H.264, ou MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), ou MPEG-4 Part 10, est une norme de codage vidéo développée conjointement par l'UIT-T Q.6/SG16 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) ainsi que l'ISO/CEI Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) et est le produit d'un effort de partenariat connu sous le nom Joint Video Team (JVT). La norme UIT-T H.264 et la norme ISO/CEI MPEG-4 Part 10 (ISO/CEI 14496-10) sont techniquement identiques, et la technologie employée est aussi connue sous le nom AVC, pour Advanced Video Coding. La première version de la norme a été approuvée en mai 2003 et la plus récente date d'avril 2012. Le JVT a ensuite travaillé sur le concept d'extensibilité en élaborant une extension à la norme H.264 (annexe G) : les spécifications Scalable Video Coding (SVC), puis sur la norme HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). Le H.264 est mieux connu comme étant le format d'encodage vidéo le plus couramment utilisé sur les disques Blu-ray. Il est également largement utilisé par les sources Internet de streaming, telles que les vidéos de Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Vimeo, YouTube et l'iTunes Store, les logiciels Web tels que Adobe Flash Player et Microsoft Silverlight ainsi que diverses émissions de TVHD. (fr) L'H.264 o MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Codec) o MPEG-4 Part 10, designazione formale ISO/IEC 14496-10 o ITU-T H.264, è un formato standard di compressione video digitale con perdita sviluppato dal Moving Picture Experts Group. Nel maggio 2003 è stata completata la stesura finale della prima versione dello standard, nelle edizioni successive sono state aggiunte varie estensioni alle sue funzionalità. H.264 è protetto da vari brevetti la cui licenza è amministrata dall'azienda MPEG LA, l'uso commerciale delle tecnologie brevettate H.264 richiede quindi il pagamento di royalties. MPEG LA ha consentito il libero uso di tecnologie H.264 per lo streaming video su Internet agli utenti finali, mentre, a titolo esemplificativo, Cisco Systems e altre aziende pagano royalties a MPEG LA per conto degli utenti dei binari del suo encoder H.264 open source. (it) 블록 단위 움직임 보상 기반의 영상 압축 표준인 H.264 또는 MPEG-4 파트 10, Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4 AVC)는 동영상 녹화, 압축, 배포를 위한 방식들 중 현재 가장 보편적으로 사용되고 있는 포맷이다. H.264/AVC 프로젝트의 목표는 기존의 표준들보다 실질적으로 낮은 비트율(다시 말해, MPEG-2, H.263, 또는 MPEG-4 Part 2의 비트율보다 적거나 절반)로써, 수많은 비실용적인 설계 복잡도 증가와 개발에 지나치게 고비용이 들이지 않고 훌륭한 비디오 품질을 제공할 수 있는 표준을 만드는 것이었다. 추가 목표로는 높은 비트율과 낮은 비트율, 높은 해상도와 낮은 해상도의 비디오들, 방송, DVD 저장장치들, RTP/IP 네트워크 패킷들, 그리고 ITU-T 멀티미디어 전화 시스템들과 같은 매우 다양한 애플리케이션들과 네트워크와 시스템들에 적용시킬수 있는 표준으로 채택되기에 충분한 유연성을 제공하는 것이었다. H.264 표준은 다양한 수의 프로파일들의 "표준들의 집합체"로 볼 수 있다. 하나의 재생기(Decoder)는 이 프로파일 전부를 필요로 하지는 않지만, 적어도 하나의 프로파일로 재생된다. 그리고 재생기 규격은 프로파일들을 해독될 수 있게 기술된다. H.264는 보통 손실압축 용도로 사용될 수도 있지만, 손실 영상 내에 실제로 무손실압축 영역을 만들거나 드물게 전체를 무손실 인코딩 하는 것도 가능하다. 이 표준은 ITU-T의 비디오 코딩 전문가 그룹(Video Coding Experts Group, VCEG)과 ISO/IEC의 동화상 전문가 그룹(Moving Picture Experts Group, MPEG)이 공동으로 조인트 비디오 팀(Joint Video Team, JVT)을 구성하고 표준화를 진행한 결과물로 나온 것이다. 그러므로 ITU-T의 H.264와 ISO/IEC의 MPEG-4 파트 10 AVC(공식적으로는 ISO/IEC 14496-10-MPEG-4 파트 10, 고급 비디오 부호화)은 기술적으로 동일한 표준안이다. 표준안은 2003년 5월에 발표되었다. H.264는 블루레이 디스크를 위한 코덱 표준 중 하나로 잘 알려져 있다. 모든 블루레이 디스크 플레이어는 항상 H.264를 디코딩할 수 있어야 하기 때문이다. H.264는 또한 비메오, 유튜브, 아이튠즈 스토어 영상 등의 인터넷 스트리밍 서비스와 어도비 플래시 플레이어 및 마이크로소프트 실버라이트 등의 웹 소프트웨어, 다양한 HDTV 방송(지상파: ATSC, ISDB-T, DVB-T, DVB-T2 케이블: 위성: , )에 널리 사용된다. H.264는 다양한 단체가 소유 한 특허로 보호된다. H.264에 필수적인 대부분의 특허는 (전부는 아니지만) MPEG LA 특허 풀에서 관리한다.특허 된 H.264 기술을 상업적으로 사용하려면 MPEG LA 및 기타 특허 소유자에게 로열티를 지불해야한다.H.264를 채용 한 제품을 구입 한 소비자에게 별도로 사용료를 부과 할 수는 없지만, 제품 가격에 그 비용이 포함된다.MPEG LA는 최종 사용자가 인터넷 비디오 스트리밍을 위한 H.264 기술 사용을 무료로 허용했다.Cisco Systems는 오픈 소스로 공개된 H.264 인코더 용 바이너리(OpenH264) 사용자들을 대신하여 MPEG LA에 로열티를 지불한다.H.264 알고리즘에 영향을 미치거나 기술하는 특허들은 100 개가 넘는다. 그 중 일부는 특허 만료가 되었지만, 대부분은 2028년 만료 기점을 가진다. (ko) H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10 of AVC (Advanced Video Coding) is een digitale videocodec, die een sterke compressie van videobeelden nastreeft. Door de ontwikkeling van het internet is het aantal internetdiensten toegenomen. Aangezien geheugencapaciteit en processorsnelheid van computers eveneens zijn toegenomen kan de noodzaak van een verbeterde codec niet zo groot lijken, maar een sterkere compressie brengt ook andere voordelen met zich mee (zie onder). Daarom besloten ITU-T en ISO MPEG hun krachten te bundelen en richtten ze het Joint Video Team (JVT) op, om samen een nieuwe videocoderingsstandaard te ontwikkelen: H.264/AVC. (nl) H.264（エイチにいろくよん）、MPEG-4 AVC（エムペグフォーエーブイシー）は、動画圧縮規格の一つ。 ITU-Tでは「H.264」として、2003年初めに勧告された。ISO/IECでは、ISO/IEC 14496-10「MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding（通称：MPEG-4 AVC）」として規定されている。どちらも技術的には同一のものであり、ITU-TとISO/IECが共同で策定したため、両者の呼称を「H.264/MPEG-4 AVC」「MPEG-4 AVC/H.264」と併記することが多い。規格文書では「ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding」と縦線で区切られているため、「H.264 |
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| dbp:title | Advanced Video Coding / H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | H.264, o MPEG-4 part 10, és un còdec digital d'alta compressió estàndard desenvolupat durant quatre anys per l'ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) juntament amb l' Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). La intenció del projecte H.264/AVC va ser la de crear un estàndard que fos capaç de desenvolupar una bona qualitat d'imatge amb bit rates substancialment menors que els estàndards anteriors (MPEG-2, H.263 o MPEG-4 part 2). A més a més de no incrementar la complexitat en el seu disseny. (ca) أتش 264 (بالإنجليزية: H.264) وهو معيار لضغط بيانات الصوت والصورة وهو يعدل إي في سي (MPEG-4 AVC) أو الجزء العاشر (MPEG-4 part 10). وإن أتش 264 وإم بي إي جي 4 الجزء العاشر يتم الحفاظ عليهما ليبقيان متشابهين في التركيبة التقنية. وتم تسليم آخر مسودة من النسخ الأولى لهذا المعيار في مارس 2003. (ar) H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10 of AVC (Advanced Video Coding) is een digitale videocodec, die een sterke compressie van videobeelden nastreeft. Door de ontwikkeling van het internet is het aantal internetdiensten toegenomen. Aangezien geheugencapaciteit en processorsnelheid van computers eveneens zijn toegenomen kan de noodzaak van een verbeterde codec niet zo groot lijken, maar een sterkere compressie brengt ook andere voordelen met zich mee (zie onder). Daarom besloten ITU-T en ISO MPEG hun krachten te bundelen en richtten ze het Joint Video Team (JVT) op, om samen een nieuwe videocoderingsstandaard te ontwikkelen: H.264/AVC. (nl) H.264（エイチにいろくよん）、MPEG-4 AVC（エムペグフォーエーブイシー）は、動画圧縮規格の一つ。 ITU-Tでは「H.264」として、2003年初めに勧告された。ISO/IECでは、ISO/IEC 14496-10「MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding（通称：MPEG-4 AVC）」として規定されている。どちらも技術的には同一のものであり、ITU-TとISO/IECが共同で策定したため、両者の呼称を「H.264/MPEG-4 AVC」「MPEG-4 AVC/H.264」と併記することが多い。規格文書では「ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding」と縦線で区切られているため、「H.264 |
| rdfs:label | أتش 264 (ar) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (ca) H.264 (cs) H.264 (de) Advanced Video Coding (en) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (es) H.264 (fr) H.264 (it) H.264 (ja) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (ko) H.264 (nl) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (pl) H.264 (pt) H.264 (ru) H.264 (sv) H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (zh) H.264 (uk) |
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