Backscatter (original) (raw)
In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light. (en) La retrodispersión o retrorreflexión es un fenómeno físico en el cual las ondas que inciden en un material en un ángulo determinado son reflejadas en el mismo ángulo, volviendo a la fuente que las produjo. Dicho de otra forma, la trayectoria del haz incidente coincide con la del haz reflejado. Normalmente es acompañada de la reflexión especular o directa, y por la transmisión o refracción de una parte de la onda. Los dispositivos técnicos que se utilizan para lograr este efecto se denominan retrorreflectores. (es) La rétrodiffusion est la partie de la diffusion d'ondes, de particules ou de signaux vers leur direction d'origine. Il s'agit généralement d'une réflexion diffuse, par opposition à une réflexion spéculaire provenant d'un miroir, bien qu'une rétrodiffusion spéculaire puisse se produire à incidence normale avec une surface. La rétrodiffusion a des applications importantes en astronomie, en photographie, en radar et en échographie médicale. L'effet opposé est la diffusion vers l'avant, par exemple lorsqu'un matériau translucide comme un nuage, diffuse la lumière du soleil et donne une lumière douce. (fr) In fisica con il termine anglosassone backscatter o backscattering (in italiano retrodiffusione o radiazione di ritorno) s'intende la diffusione all'indietro, ossia la riflessione, di materia, energia raggiante, onde, particelle o segnali che tornano indietro nella stessa direzione da cui essi provengono, ma in senso opposto, ossia con un angolo di diffusione di 180º. È riflessione diffusa, distinta da quella speculare. Il concetto ha importanti applicazioni in astronomia e in diversi campi della fisica, come pure in fotografia e in ecografia. Il termine ha un utilizzo anche nell'ambito della posta elettronica, nel quale indica la ricezione, talvolta massiva, di messaggi "di rimbalzo" a seguito di eventi connessi all'invio di spam. (it) 物理学において、後方散乱 （backscatter, backscattering) は波や粒子もしくは信号の、来た方向への反射をいう。散乱に起因する拡散反射であり、鏡面反射とは異なる。天文学、写真、超音波検査の分野で応用上重要である。 (ja) Rozpraszanie wsteczne (ang. backscattering) – , w wyniku którego odbite cząstki lub promieniowanie biegną wstecz względem pierwotnego kierunku ruchu (kąt rozproszenia α > 90°). Przykładem rozpraszania wstecznego jest rozproszenie cząstek α w eksperymencie Rutherforda. (pl) Retrodifusão (português brasileiro) ou retroespalhamento (português europeu), em física, é a reflexão de ondas, partículas ou sinais na direção da qual eles vieram. Ela é uma reflexão difusa, devido à dispersão, em oposição à reflexão especular como a de um espelho. A retrodifusão tem importantes aplicações na astronomia, fotografia e ultrassonografia médica. (pt) Обра́тное рассе́яние — физическое явление, при котором происходит отражение волн, частиц или сигналов в обратном направлении, то есть в сторону источника. Подобные явления имеют важные применения в радиолокации, астрономии, фотографии и УЗИ-исследованиях. (ru) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Backscatter_on_Resciesa_Val_Gardena.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 863668 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 7755 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1017320213 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Back_Scattering_Alignment dbr:Elastic_collision dbr:Mie_scattering dbr:Mist dbr:Inelastic_collision dbr:Rain dbr:Reflection_(physics) dbr:Compton_scattering dbr:Gegenschein dbr:Optical_fiber_cable dbr:Transparency_and_translucency dbr:Bragg's_law dbr:Mirror dbr:Logarithmic_scale dbr:Slope dbr:Hail dbr:Phase_angle_(astronomy) dbr:Photography dbr:Physics dbr:Strobe dbr:Sunlight dbr:Suspension_(chemistry) dbr:Thunderstorm dbr:Weather_radar dbr:Drizzle dbr:Alpenglow dbr:Exponential_function dbr:Flash_(photography) dbr:Brillouin_scattering dbr:Diffuse_reflection dbr:Forward_scatter dbr:Graph_of_a_function dbr:Graupel dbr:Fiber_optic_cable dbr:Rayleigh_scattering dbr:Backscatter_(email) dbr:Backscatter_X-ray dbr:Astronomy dbc:Scattering,_absorption_and_radiative_transfer_(optics) dbr:Coherent_backscattering dbr:Specular_reflection dbr:Ice dbr:Raman_scattering dbr:Rate_(mathematics) dbr:Solid dbr:Scattering dbr:Snow dbr:Wave dbr:Neutron_backscattering dbr:Forward_Scattering_Alignment dbr:Weak_localization dbr:Three-wave_equation dbr:Rain_and_snow_mixed dbr:Fiber_optics dbr:Non-linear_optics dbr:Soft_light dbr:Medical_ultrasonography dbr:Droplet dbr:Rutherford_backscattering dbr:Forward_scattering dbr:Precipitation_(meteorology) dbr:Attenuation_(electromagnetic_radiation) dbr:File:Backscatter_on_Resciesa_Val_Gardena.jpg dbr:File:Sand_Particles.jpg dbr:X-ray_backscattering_spectroscopy |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Main dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:Other_uses dbt:Reflist |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Scattering,_absorption_and_radiative_transfer_(optics) |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Reflection |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:NaturalPhenomenon111408559 yago:Phenomenon100034213 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:PhysicalPhenomenon111419404 yago:Process100029677 dbo:Book yago:WikicatPhysicalPhenomena |
| rdfs:comment | In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light. (en) La retrodispersión o retrorreflexión es un fenómeno físico en el cual las ondas que inciden en un material en un ángulo determinado son reflejadas en el mismo ángulo, volviendo a la fuente que las produjo. Dicho de otra forma, la trayectoria del haz incidente coincide con la del haz reflejado. Normalmente es acompañada de la reflexión especular o directa, y por la transmisión o refracción de una parte de la onda. Los dispositivos técnicos que se utilizan para lograr este efecto se denominan retrorreflectores. (es) La rétrodiffusion est la partie de la diffusion d'ondes, de particules ou de signaux vers leur direction d'origine. Il s'agit généralement d'une réflexion diffuse, par opposition à une réflexion spéculaire provenant d'un miroir, bien qu'une rétrodiffusion spéculaire puisse se produire à incidence normale avec une surface. La rétrodiffusion a des applications importantes en astronomie, en photographie, en radar et en échographie médicale. L'effet opposé est la diffusion vers l'avant, par exemple lorsqu'un matériau translucide comme un nuage, diffuse la lumière du soleil et donne une lumière douce. (fr) In fisica con il termine anglosassone backscatter o backscattering (in italiano retrodiffusione o radiazione di ritorno) s'intende la diffusione all'indietro, ossia la riflessione, di materia, energia raggiante, onde, particelle o segnali che tornano indietro nella stessa direzione da cui essi provengono, ma in senso opposto, ossia con un angolo di diffusione di 180º. È riflessione diffusa, distinta da quella speculare. Il concetto ha importanti applicazioni in astronomia e in diversi campi della fisica, come pure in fotografia e in ecografia. Il termine ha un utilizzo anche nell'ambito della posta elettronica, nel quale indica la ricezione, talvolta massiva, di messaggi "di rimbalzo" a seguito di eventi connessi all'invio di spam. (it) 物理学において、後方散乱 （backscatter, backscattering) は波や粒子もしくは信号の、来た方向への反射をいう。散乱に起因する拡散反射であり、鏡面反射とは異なる。天文学、写真、超音波検査の分野で応用上重要である。 (ja) Rozpraszanie wsteczne (ang. backscattering) – , w wyniku którego odbite cząstki lub promieniowanie biegną wstecz względem pierwotnego kierunku ruchu (kąt rozproszenia α > 90°). Przykładem rozpraszania wstecznego jest rozproszenie cząstek α w eksperymencie Rutherforda. (pl) Retrodifusão (português brasileiro) ou retroespalhamento (português europeu), em física, é a reflexão de ondas, partículas ou sinais na direção da qual eles vieram. Ela é uma reflexão difusa, devido à dispersão, em oposição à reflexão especular como a de um espelho. A retrodifusão tem importantes aplicações na astronomia, fotografia e ultrassonografia médica. (pt) Обра́тное рассе́яние — физическое явление, при котором происходит отражение волн, частиц или сигналов в обратном направлении, то есть в сторону источника. Подобные явления имеют важные применения в радиолокации, астрономии, фотографии и УЗИ-исследованиях. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Rückstreuung (de) Retrodispersión (es) Backscatter (en) Backscatter (it) Rétrodiffusion (fr) 後方散乱 (ja) Rozpraszanie wsteczne (pl) Retrodifusão (pt) Обратное рассеяние (ru) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Backscatter yago-res:Backscatter wikidata:Backscatter dbpedia-de:Backscatter dbpedia-es:Backscatter dbpedia-fr:Backscatter dbpedia-it:Backscatter dbpedia-ja:Backscatter dbpedia-pl:Backscatter dbpedia-pt:Backscatter dbpedia-ru:Backscatter https://global.dbpedia.org/id/54Sie |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Backscatter?oldid=1017320213&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Backscatter_on_Resciesa_Val_Gardena.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Sand_Particles.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Backscatter |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Backscatter_(disambiguation) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Back-scatter dbr:Back-scattering dbr:Back_scatter dbr:Back_scattering dbr:Backscattered dbr:Backscattering dbr:Ghost_orb dbr:Ghost_orbs dbr:Liquid_orbs |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:California_Valley,_California dbr:Backscatter_(disambiguation) dbr:Scintillator dbr:Electronic_properties_of_graphene dbr:Millstone_Hill dbr:Scanning_electron_microscope dbr:Belt_of_Venus dbr:Anticrepuscular_rays dbr:Antisolar_point dbr:Arctowski_Medal dbr:Rings_of_Saturn dbr:Doppler_optical_coherence_tomography dbr:Earth's_shadow dbr:Index_of_physics_articles_(B) dbr:Index_of_radio_propagation_articles dbr:Inertial_navigation_system dbr:Interplanetary_medium dbr:J._Stewart_Marshall dbr:Particle_aggregation dbr:Twisted_nematic_field_effect dbr:Measurement_and_signature_intelligence dbr:STS-133 dbr:STS-59 dbr:Gegenschein dbr:Night_sky dbr:Optical_coherence_tomography_angiography dbr:Radar_display dbr:Radiolocation dbr:CloudSat dbr:Glossary_of_meteorology dbr:Mochii dbr:Contrast-enhanced_ultrasound dbr:Contrast_agent dbr:Cryosphere dbr:Optical_Payload_for_Lasercomm_Science dbr:Lidar dbr:Luna_13 dbr:Magellan_(spacecraft) dbr:Visual_artifact dbr:Phase_angle_(astronomy) dbr:Mapping_of_Venus dbr:Weather_radar dbr:Gamma_spectroscopy dbr:HAWAII_MR1 dbr:HIPAS_Observatory dbr:Jules_Fejer dbr:Laser_Doppler_imaging dbr:Spirit_photography dbr:Adrastea_(moon) dbr:Alpenglow dbr:Ambient_backscatter dbr:Barsoom dbr:Brocken_spectre dbr:Center_for_Coastal_&_Ocean_Mapping dbr:Forward_scatter dbr:Graphene dbr:Underwater_photography dbr:Neural_dust dbr:Underwater_glider dbr:Radio-frequency_identification dbr:Radio_acoustic_sounding_system dbr:Radio_propagation dbr:Remote_sensing_(geology) dbr:Rutherford_backscattering_spectrometry dbr:Wind_profiler dbr:Hawaii_hotspot dbr:Atmospheric_optics dbr:Atomic_line_filter dbr:Back_scattering_alignment dbr:Backscatter_(photography) dbr:Backscatter_X-ray dbr:Terence_James_Elkins dbr:Hydrogen_damage dbr:Rings_of_Uranus dbr:Sea_ice_concentration dbr:Acoustic_seabed_classification dbr:Afterglow dbr:Zodiacal_light dbr:Ultrafast_scanning_electron_microscopy dbr:Millimeter_cloud_radar dbr:Milton_Kerker dbr:Oceansat-2 dbr:Scintillation_counter dbr:Sky dbr:Tyndall_effect dbr:Extended_X-ray_absorption_fine_structure dbr:IEEE_Heinrich_Hertz_Medal dbr:Lunar_south_pole dbr:Ocean_observations dbr:Planetshine dbr:Three-wave_equation dbr:Everhart–Thornley_detector dbr:Ghost_hunting dbr:Scatterometer dbr:Supercontinuum dbr:X-ray_scattering_techniques dbr:Skyglow dbr:Tessera_(Venus) dbr:Rings_of_Neptune dbr:Back-scatter dbr:Back-scattering dbr:Back_scatter dbr:Back_scattering dbr:Backscattered dbr:Backscattering dbr:Spectroscopic_optical_coherence_tomography dbr:Ghost_orb dbr:Ghost_orbs dbr:Liquid_orbs |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Planetshine |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Backscatter |
