Bakken Formation (original) (raw)

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Die Bakken-Formation ist eine etwa 40 m mächtige Mineralöl führende geologische Formation aus dem späten Devon bis frühen Mississippium. Sie umfasst etwa 520.000 km² unter der Oberfläche des , welches Teile von Saskatchewan und Manitoba in Kanada sowie Teile von Montana, North Dakota und South Dakota in den USA umfasst. Aufschlüsse an der Erdoberfläche existieren nicht, die Bakken-Formation liegt meist in Tiefen um 3 km. Die Formation wurde erstmals 1953 durch den Geologen J. W. Nordquist beschrieben und wurde benannt nach Henry Bakken, einem Bauern aus im Nordwesten von North Dakota, auf dessen Land die Formation entdeckt wurde.

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dbo:abstract Die Bakken-Formation ist eine etwa 40 m mächtige Mineralöl führende geologische Formation aus dem späten Devon bis frühen Mississippium. Sie umfasst etwa 520.000 km² unter der Oberfläche des , welches Teile von Saskatchewan und Manitoba in Kanada sowie Teile von Montana, North Dakota und South Dakota in den USA umfasst. Aufschlüsse an der Erdoberfläche existieren nicht, die Bakken-Formation liegt meist in Tiefen um 3 km. Die Formation wurde erstmals 1953 durch den Geologen J. W. Nordquist beschrieben und wurde benannt nach Henry Bakken, einem Bauern aus im Nordwesten von North Dakota, auf dessen Land die Formation entdeckt wurde. (de) The Bakken Formation (/ˈbɑːkən/) is a rock unit from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age occupying about 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2) of the subsurface of the Williston Basin, underlying parts of Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The formation was initially described by geologist J. W. Nordquist in 1953. The formation is entirely in the subsurface, and has no surface outcrop. It is named after Henry O. Bakken (1901–1982), a farmer in Tioga, North Dakota, who owned the land where the formation was initially discovered while drilling for oil. Besides the Bakken formation being a widespread prolific source rock for oil when thermally mature, significant producible oil reserves exist within the rock unit itself. Oil was first discovered within the Bakken in 1951, but past efforts to produce it have faced technical difficulties. In April 2008, a USGS report estimated the amount of recoverable oil using technology readily available at the end of 2007 within the Bakken Formation at 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m3), with a mean of 3.65 billion. Simultaneously the state of North Dakota released a report with a lower estimate of 2.1 billion barrels (330,000,000 m3) of technically recoverable oil in the Bakken. Various other estimates place the total reserves, recoverable and non-recoverable with today's technology, at up to 24 billion barrels. A recent estimate places the figure at 18 billion barrels. In April 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey released a new figure for expected ultimate recovery of 7.4 billion barrels of oil. The application of hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling technologies has caused a boom in Bakken oil production since 2000. By the end of 2010, oil production rates had reached 458,000 barrels (72,800 m3) per day, thereby outstripping the pipeline capacity to ship oil out of the Bakken. There is some controversy over the safety of shipping this crude oil by rail due to its volatility. This was illustrated by the 2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster, in which a unit train carrying 77 tank cars full of highly volatile Bakken oil through Quebec from North Dakota to the Irving Oil Refinery in New Brunswick derailed and exploded in the town centre of Lac-Mégantic. It destroyed 30 buildings (half the downtown core) and killed 47 people. The explosion was estimated to have a one-kilometre (0.62 mi) blast radius. As of January 2015, estimates varied on the break-even oil price for drilling Bakken wells. The North Dakota Department of Natural Resources estimated overall break-even to be just below US$40 per barrel. An analyst for Wood Mackenzie said that the overall break-even price was US$62/barrel, but in high-productivity areas such as Sanish Field and Parshall Oil Field, the break-even price was US$38–US$40 per barrel. (en) La formation de Bakken (parfois nommée « Bakken shale ») est une formation géologique riche en hydrocarbures non conventionnels (pétrole et gaz en partie d'origine biogénique), entièrement située sous le niveau du sol (elle ne présente aucun affleurement). La partie du bassin située dans le Dakota du Nord serait le champ pétrolier le plus important restant libre pour l'exploitation aux États-Unis. Elle est ainsi nommée en l'honneur d'Henry Bakken, un agriculteur du Dakota du Nord et propriétaire du terrain où a été découverte la formation, pendant un forage exploratoire pour le pétrole. (fr) Баккеновская формация (англ. Bakken formation — формация Баккен, Bakken-Logdepole ) — крупнейшая формация лёгкой нефти низкопроницаемых коллекторов (часто некорректно называемую сланцевой нефтью) на территории в Северной Америке, в штатах Северная Дакота и Монтана (США) и провинциях Саскачеван и Манитоба (Канада). Образована породами на границах девонской формации и (карбон) известняками Лождпол. Залегает на глубинах 2,5-3,5 км, занимает площадь около полумиллиона квадратных километров, толщина до 40 метров. Открыта в 1953 году геологом J.W. Nordquist, попытки разработки начаты в 1970—2000 года с помощью традиционных методов нефтедобычи. Интенсивная разработка нефти с применением наклонно-горизонтального бурения и гидроразрыва пласта, в том числе многостадийного, началась в 2000-х годах. В начале 2010-х Баккен, наряду со сходной формацией (Игл Форд), суммарно обеспечивали почти 2/3 добычи нефти низкопроницаемых коллекторов в США. (ru)
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dbp:age dbr:Early_Mississippian dbr:Late_Devonian ~ (en)
dbp:caption Cut Bakken core samples (en)
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dbp:mapCaption Map of the Bakken Formation reservoirs in the US portion of the Williston Basin . Prior to 2007, most oil came from the Elm Coulee Oil Field (en)
dbp:name Bakken Formation (en)
dbp:namedby J.W. Nordquist (en)
dbp:namedfor Henry O. Bakken (en)
dbp:otherlithology dbr:Siltstone dbr:Sandstone
dbp:overlies Wabamun, Big Valley & Torquay Formations (en)
dbp:period Paleozoic (en)
dbp:prilithology dbr:Dolomite_(rock) dbr:Shale
dbp:region Central North America (en)
dbp:thickness up to (en)
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rdfs:comment Die Bakken-Formation ist eine etwa 40 m mächtige Mineralöl führende geologische Formation aus dem späten Devon bis frühen Mississippium. Sie umfasst etwa 520.000 km² unter der Oberfläche des , welches Teile von Saskatchewan und Manitoba in Kanada sowie Teile von Montana, North Dakota und South Dakota in den USA umfasst. Aufschlüsse an der Erdoberfläche existieren nicht, die Bakken-Formation liegt meist in Tiefen um 3 km. Die Formation wurde erstmals 1953 durch den Geologen J. W. Nordquist beschrieben und wurde benannt nach Henry Bakken, einem Bauern aus im Nordwesten von North Dakota, auf dessen Land die Formation entdeckt wurde. (de) La formation de Bakken (parfois nommée « Bakken shale ») est une formation géologique riche en hydrocarbures non conventionnels (pétrole et gaz en partie d'origine biogénique), entièrement située sous le niveau du sol (elle ne présente aucun affleurement). La partie du bassin située dans le Dakota du Nord serait le champ pétrolier le plus important restant libre pour l'exploitation aux États-Unis. Elle est ainsi nommée en l'honneur d'Henry Bakken, un agriculteur du Dakota du Nord et propriétaire du terrain où a été découverte la formation, pendant un forage exploratoire pour le pétrole. (fr) The Bakken Formation (/ˈbɑːkən/) is a rock unit from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age occupying about 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2) of the subsurface of the Williston Basin, underlying parts of Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The formation was initially described by geologist J. W. Nordquist in 1953. The formation is entirely in the subsurface, and has no surface outcrop. It is named after Henry O. Bakken (1901–1982), a farmer in Tioga, North Dakota, who owned the land where the formation was initially discovered while drilling for oil. (en) Баккеновская формация (англ. Bakken formation — формация Баккен, Bakken-Logdepole ) — крупнейшая формация лёгкой нефти низкопроницаемых коллекторов (часто некорректно называемую сланцевой нефтью) на территории в Северной Америке, в штатах Северная Дакота и Монтана (США) и провинциях Саскачеван и Манитоба (Канада). Образована породами на границах девонской формации и (карбон) известняками Лождпол. Залегает на глубинах 2,5-3,5 км, занимает площадь около полумиллиона квадратных километров, толщина до 40 метров. Открыта в 1953 году геологом J.W. Nordquist, попытки разработки начаты в 1970—2000 года с помощью традиционных методов нефтедобычи. Интенсивная разработка нефти с применением наклонно-горизонтального бурения и гидроразрыва пласта, в том числе многостадийного, началась в 2000-х годах (ru)
rdfs:label Bakken Formation (en) Bakken-Formation (de) Formation de Bakken (fr) Баккеновская формация (ru)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:North_Dakota_oil_boom
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