Routine flaring (original) (raw)
Die Abfackelung ist das Verbrennen von brennbaren Abgasen mittels einer Gasfackel, einem langen Rohr, das am oberen Ende den Fackelkopf, einen Brenner mit einer Zündvorrichtung, trägt. Abfackelung kommt weit überwiegend bei Förderanlagen für Erdöl und Erdgas und in geringerem Umfang bei Erdölraffinerien, chemischen Betrieben und verfüllten Mülldeponien zum Einsatz.
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| dbo:abstract | Die Abfackelung ist das Verbrennen von brennbaren Abgasen mittels einer Gasfackel, einem langen Rohr, das am oberen Ende den Fackelkopf, einen Brenner mit einer Zündvorrichtung, trägt. Abfackelung kommt weit überwiegend bei Förderanlagen für Erdöl und Erdgas und in geringerem Umfang bei Erdölraffinerien, chemischen Betrieben und verfüllten Mülldeponien zum Einsatz. (de) Routine flaring, also known as production flaring, is a method and current practice of disposing of large unwanted amounts of associated petroleum gas (APG) during crude oil extraction. The gas is first separated from the liquids and solids downstream of the wellhead, then released into a flare stack and combusted into earth's atmosphere (usually in an open diffusion flame). Where performed, the unwanted gas (mostly natural gas dominated by methane) has been deemed unprofitable, and may be referred to as stranded gas, flare gas, or simply as "waste gas". Routine flaring is not to be confused with safety flaring, maintenance flaring, or other flaring practices characterized by shorter durations or smaller volumes of gas disposal. Over 145 billion cubic metres (5 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas is estimated to have been flared worldwide during year 2018. The majority of this was routinely flared APG at thousands of well sites, and is a waste amount equal to the natural gas usage of South and Central America. The largest seven practitioners since 2014 are Russia, Iraq, Iran, the United States, Algeria, Venezuela and Nigeria. Activity in remote regions of Russia is greatest, with political conflict elevating the levels in other countries. The U.S. contributed nearly 10% of the 2018 world total. Routine flaring, along with intentional gas venting and unintentional fugitive gas emissions, have profound negative consequences. The wasting of a primary resource provides no present economic or future wealth benefits, while creating liabilities through the build up of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants in the biosphere. With most forecasts showing oil and gas use increasing into the foreseeable future, the World Bank in 2002 launched the international Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP); a public-private partnership with the aim of retiring the wasteful practice. In 2015, it further launched the Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 Initiative; endorsed by 32 countries, 37 companies, and 15 banking institutions by the end of 2019. Endorsers based in the U.S. were the U.S. Federal Government, the State of California, and the World Bank. Global data spanning 1996-2018 indicate that flared gas volumes fell 10%, while oil production rose 40%. (en) Le torchage du gaz naturel, ou brûlage, est l'action de brûler intentionnellement dans des torchères le gaz naturel, sans valorisation de son énergie. Les professionnels emploient fréquemment l'anglicisme flaring. L'essentiel du volume de gaz détruit de cette manière concerne du gaz associé, c'est-à-dire le gaz dissous dans le pétrole et séparé lors de l'extraction de celui-ci, pour lequel il n'existe pas de débouchés commerciaux. Le torchage peut aussi intervenir en urgence (par exemple à la suite de pannes), dans des installations qui, en temps normal, valorisent le gaz. Il est aussi pratiqué en aval, pour détruire des excès de gaz combustibles, par exemple dans des raffineries. Par extension, on peut y inclure la destruction de gaz de décharge ou de grisou. Le torchage représente un gaspillage d'énergie considérable, ainsi qu'une source de pollution atmosphérique et d'émission de gaz à effet de serre. (fr) Il gas flaring (in italiano: combustione di gas) è una pratica che consiste nel bruciare senza recupero energetico il gas naturale in eccesso estratto insieme al petrolio, infatti risulterebbe troppo costoso costruire infrastrutture adeguate per trasportarlo nei luoghi di consumo. Il gas combusto genera una fiamma sopra le torri petrolifere. Tale pratica è frequentemente utilizzata negli impianti industriali petroliferi, chimici e di gas naturale, nonché nei siti di produzione di petrolio o di gas naturale che hanno pozzi di petrolio, pozzi di gas naturale, impianti di perforazione offshore. (it) Affakkelen is het verbranden van de bij aardgaswinning, aardolieproductie en olieraffinage vrijkomende gassen, hoofdzakelijk methaan, ethaan en propaan. Deze zogenoemde "dry gases" kunnen worden hergebruikt als raffinage-brandstof ("refinery fuel"), maar bij een teveel aan gas en bij een overschot op de markt kan een raffinaderij of boorplatform besluiten het gas ter plekke te verbranden. Dit veroorzaakt grote vlammen ("flares") die soms te zien zijn bij raffinaderijen. Affakkelen is in Europa zonder vergunning verboden vanwege de luchtverontreiniging die het met zich meebrengt. Soms is het echter te gevaarlijk of onpraktisch om het vrijgekomen gas op een andere manier te verwijderen (en is er kans op een blow-out) en wordt er toch gas afgefakkeld. In 2007 werd wereldwijd nog 150 miljard kubieke meter gas afgefakkeld. Dit komt overeen met 30 procent van het totale jaarlijkse gasverbruik van de Europese Unie. (nl) Gasfackling är en industriprocess som innebär att bränna överskottsgas på oljefält, i raffinaderier eller vid petrokemiska fabriker. Bränningen sker oftast enbart för att elda upp gasen. Värmeenergin tas inte tillvara. 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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://petrowiki.org/Flare_and_vent_disposal_systems http://www.iogp.org/ https://permianmap.org/ https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction%231 https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/zero-routine-flaring-by-2030 https://www.ghgsat.com/ https://www.ghgsat.com/who-we-are/our-satellites/claire/ http://www.ipieca.org/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| dbp:caption | Global gas flaring and oil production trends (en) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| dbp:colwidth | 30 (xsd:integer) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| dbp:content | Chart | width=260 | height=100 | type=line | xAxisTitle=Year | xAxisAngle=-45 | yAxisMin=0 | yAxisMax=160 | x=1996,2018 | y1=160,160 | y2=140,140 | y3=120,120 | y4=100,100 | y5=80,80 | y6=60,60 | y7=40,40 | y8=20,20 | y9=0,0 | y10=160,145 | y11=70,97 | y12=58,76 | colors=grey, darkgrey, darkgrey, darkgrey, darkgrey, darkgrey, darkgrey, darkgrey, black, darkred, darkgoldenrod, blue (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Abfackelung ist das Verbrennen von brennbaren Abgasen mittels einer Gasfackel, einem langen Rohr, das am oberen Ende den Fackelkopf, einen Brenner mit einer Zündvorrichtung, trägt. Abfackelung kommt weit überwiegend bei Förderanlagen für Erdöl und Erdgas und in geringerem Umfang bei Erdölraffinerien, chemischen Betrieben und verfüllten Mülldeponien zum Einsatz. (de) Il gas flaring (in italiano: combustione di gas) è una pratica che consiste nel bruciare senza recupero energetico il gas naturale in eccesso estratto insieme al petrolio, infatti risulterebbe troppo costoso costruire infrastrutture adeguate per trasportarlo nei luoghi di consumo. Il gas combusto genera una fiamma sopra le torri petrolifere. Tale pratica è frequentemente utilizzata negli impianti industriali petroliferi, chimici e di gas naturale, nonché nei siti di produzione di petrolio o di gas naturale che hanno pozzi di petrolio, pozzi di gas naturale, impianti di perforazione offshore. (it) Gasfackling är en industriprocess som innebär att bränna överskottsgas på oljefält, i raffinaderier eller vid petrokemiska fabriker. Bränningen sker oftast enbart för att elda upp gasen. Värmeenergin tas inte tillvara. (sv) Routine flaring, also known as production flaring, is a method and current practice of disposing of large unwanted amounts of associated petroleum gas (APG) during crude oil extraction. The gas is first separated from the liquids and solids downstream of the wellhead, then released into a flare stack and combusted into earth's atmosphere (usually in an open diffusion flame). Where performed, the unwanted gas (mostly natural gas dominated by methane) has been deemed unprofitable, and may be referred to as stranded gas, flare gas, or simply as "waste gas". Routine flaring is not to be confused with safety flaring, maintenance flaring, or other flaring practices characterized by shorter durations or smaller volumes of gas disposal. (en) Le torchage du gaz naturel, ou brûlage, est l'action de brûler intentionnellement dans des torchères le gaz naturel, sans valorisation de son énergie. Les professionnels emploient fréquemment l'anglicisme flaring. L'essentiel du volume de gaz détruit de cette manière concerne du gaz associé, c'est-à-dire le gaz dissous dans le pétrole et séparé lors de l'extraction de celui-ci, pour lequel il n'existe pas de débouchés commerciaux. Le torchage peut aussi intervenir en urgence (par exemple à la suite de pannes), dans des installations qui, en temps normal, valorisent le gaz. Il est aussi pratiqué en aval, pour détruire des excès de gaz combustibles, par exemple dans des raffineries. Par extension, on peut y inclure la destruction de gaz de décharge ou de grisou. (fr) Affakkelen is het verbranden van de bij aardgaswinning, aardolieproductie en olieraffinage vrijkomende gassen, hoofdzakelijk methaan, ethaan en propaan. Deze zogenoemde "dry gases" kunnen worden hergebruikt als raffinage-brandstof ("refinery fuel"), maar bij een teveel aan gas en bij een overschot op de markt kan een raffinaderij of boorplatform besluiten het gas ter plekke te verbranden. Dit veroorzaakt grote vlammen ("flares") die soms te zien zijn bij raffinaderijen. (nl) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| rdfs:label | Abfackelung (de) Torchage du gaz naturel (fr) Gas flaring (it) Affakkelen (nl) Routine flaring (en) Gasfackling (sv) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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