Battle of Imphal (original) (raw)
La Batalla de Imphal fue una de las batallas más importantes de la Campaña de Birmania. Tuvo lugar en los alrededores de la ciudad del mismo nombre entre marzo y julio de 1944 y concluyó en un completo desastre para el Ejército Imperial Japonés, que intentaba -mediante su conquista- asegurarse un punto de apoyo para una eventual conquista de la India Británica o su neutralización como base de los ejércitos aliados.
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| dbo:abstract | Bitva o Imphál (součást , někdy též označované jako operace C) byla součástí bojů v jihovýchodní Asii během druhé světové války. Ofenziva, v rámci níž se Japonská císařská armáda a Indická národní armáda pokusily o průnik na indické území ovládané Brity, probíhala roku 1944 od března do července. Operaci veleli generálporučíci a , vrchní velení Indické národní armády ztělesňoval Subháš Čandra Bose. Útok na Imphál zahájili Japonci 8. března, fakticky zároveň s útokem na Kohimu. Při vpádu do Indie přerušili silnici spojující obě města a začali postupovat oběma směry. Přerušením silnice mezi oběma městy Japonci a svobodní Indové Imphál prakticky obklíčili. Město tak bylo možné zásobovat pouze letecky, na což se Britové adaptovali a zřídili zde polní letiště. Boje probíhající několik měsíců přinášely Japoncům velké ztráty, nikoliv však strategický úspěch. Imphál se jim do příchodu monzunových dešťů dobýt nepodařilo. Začaly narůstat problémy se zásobováním a japonské divize účastnící se ofenzivy se hroutily kvůli poklesu bojové morálky. Boje o Imphál skončily na začátku července 1944 stažením zbytků sil Japonské císařské armády a Indické národní armády. Japonské armádě způsobil pokus o proniknutí do nitra Indického subkontinentu těžké ztráty na životech a zdraví jejích vojáků i tažných zvířat a ztráty na materiálu. Zároveň se vojskům Osy ve východní Asii již nikdy nepodařilo provést další ofenzivu. (cs) The Battle of Imphal (Meitei: Japan Laan, lit. 'Japanese invasion') took place in the region around the city of Imphal, the capital of the state of Manipur in Northeast India from March until July 1944. Japanese armies attempted to destroy the Allied forces at Imphal and invade India, but were driven back into Burma with heavy losses. Together with the simultaneous Battle of Kohima on the road by which the encircled Allied forces at Imphal were relieved, the battle was the turning point of the Burma campaign, part of the South-East Asian theatre of World War II. The Japanese defeat at Kohima and Imphal was the largest up until that time, with many of the Japanese deaths resulting from starvation, disease and exhaustion suffered during their retreat. According to a voting in a contest run by the British National Army Museum, the Battle of Imphal was bestowed as Britain's Greatest Battle in 2013. (en) La Batalla de Imphal fue una de las batallas más importantes de la Campaña de Birmania. Tuvo lugar en los alrededores de la ciudad del mismo nombre entre marzo y julio de 1944 y concluyó en un completo desastre para el Ejército Imperial Japonés, que intentaba -mediante su conquista- asegurarse un punto de apoyo para una eventual conquista de la India Británica o su neutralización como base de los ejércitos aliados. (es) La bataille d'Imphal est une bataille livrée entre les forces britanniques et les forces japonaises durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de mars à juillet 1944, dans la région autour de la ville d'Imphāl, dans l'extrême est de l'Inde. L'Armée impériale japonaise traversant la frontière birmane lance une offensive sur les possessions indiennes de l'Empire britannique, désignée sous le nom d'opération U-Go. L'armée japonaise tenta de détruire les forces alliées à Imphal et d'envahir l'Inde, mais fut repoussée jusqu'en Birmanie, subissant de lourdes pertes. (fr) Pertempuran Imphal adalah sebuah pertempuran yang berlangsung di sekitar kota Imphal, ibu kota negara bagian Manipur di India timur laut, dari Maret hingga Juli 1944. Dalam pertempuran ini, pasukan Kekaisaran Jepang mencoba menghancurkan pasukan Sekutu di Imphal dan menyerbu India, tetapi malah dipukul mundur ke Burma dan menimbulkan korban jiwa yang besar. Pertempuran ini berlangsung bersamaan dengan Pertempuran Kohima dan keduanya merupakan titik balik dalam kampanye militer Burma selama Perang Dunia II. Kekalahan Jepang di Kohima dan Imphal merupakan kekalahan terbesar Jepang pada saat itu.. (in) La battaglia di Imphal ebbe luogo nella regione intorno all'omonima città, capitale dello stato di Manipur, nell'India nordorientale, da marzo a luglio del 1944. I giapponesi tentarono di distruggere le forze alleate a Imphal per invadere l'India, ma furono respinti in Birmania con pesanti perdite. Insieme alla simultanea sulla strada dove le forze alleate circondate a Imphal furono salvate, la battaglia fu il punto di svolta della campagna della Birmania, parte del teatro del sud-est asiatico della seconda guerra mondiale. La sconfitta a Kohima e Imphal fu la più grande sconfitta fino a quella data nella storia giapponese, con migliaia di soldati giapponesi uccisi dalla fame, dalle malattie e dalla stanchezza durante la ritirata. (it) 임팔 전투(일본어: インパール作戦, 영어: Battle of Imphal, 힌디어: इम्फाल का युद्ध)는 1944년 3월부터 7월까지 북동인도 마니푸르주의 주도였던 임팔 일대에서 벌어진 전투였다. 일본 제국은 임팔에 주둔한 연합군을 공격하고 인도로 침공하고자 했으나 오히려 연합군에게 큰 패배를 당한채 미얀마로 후퇴했다. 와 동시에 벌어진 이 전투로 인해 임팔에 갇힌 연합군은 사태가 완화될 수 있었다. 이 전투는 동남아시아 전역의 일부였던 버마 전역에서 중요한 전환점이 되었다. 코히마와 임팔에서의 패배는 그 때까지의 일본군 역사상 가장 큰 패배였다. 일본군 사망자의 대부분은 철수하면서 생긴 기아·질병·탈진이 원인으로 죽었다. (ko) インパール作戦（インパールさくせん、日本側作戦名：ウ号作戦〈ウごうさくせん〉）とは、第二次世界大戦（大東亜戦争）のビルマ戦線において、1944年（昭和19年）3月に大日本帝国陸軍により開始、7月初旬まで継続された、イギリス領インド帝国北東部の都市であるインパール攻略を目指した作戦のことである。作戦はイギリスの植民地インドを独立させて、イギリスの勢力を一掃するという政治的な目的に加えて、ビルマ防衛のための攻撃防御や援蔣ルートの遮断を戦略目的としていた。 通俗的には、牟田口廉也中将の強硬な主張により決行された作戦として知られる。兵站に難があり、撤退時に特に多くの犠牲を出したことから、現在では「無謀な作戦」の代名詞としてしばしば引用され、日本軍における「史上最悪の作戦」と言われることもある。 イギリスでは主催のコンテストでの戦いも含め、「この勝利は、日本軍が無敵ではないことを断固として証明したため、非常に重要であった」とし、ノルマンディ上陸作戦やワーテルローの戦いなどを抑えて「Britain's Greatest Battle（イギリス陸軍最大の戦い）」に選出されている。 (ja) Битва при Импхале — сражение в ходе Второй мировой войны в местности около города Импхал, столицы княжества Манипур, на северо-востоке Британской Индии в период с марта по июль 1944 года между британскими и японскими войсками. Японская 15-я армия (по численности фактически — корпус со средствами усиления) под командованием Р. Мутагути пыталась уничтожить силы союзников в Импхале и вторгнуться в Индию, но была изгнана обратно в Бирму с тяжёлыми потерями. Вместе с проходившей одновременно с ней Кохимской битвой на дороге, в результате которой окружённые войска союзников в Импхале были освобождены, сражение стало поворотным моментом в Бирманской кампании, части Юго-Восточно-Азиатского театра Второй мировой войны. Поражения при Кохиме и Импхале стали крупнейшими поражениями в истории Японии на тот момент. (ru) Bitwa o Imphal – starcie militarne stoczone w regionie miasta Imphal, stolicy stanu Manipur w północno-wschodnich Indiach pomiędzy marcem a czerwcem 1944 roku. Cesarska Armia Japońska próbowała zniszczyć siły alianckie pod Imphal i najechać na Indie w swojej ostatniej ofensywie w Azji w czasie II wojny światowej, ale została odparta i zepchnięta do Birmy z dużymi stratami. Wraz z toczoną w tym samym czasie bitwą o Kohimę, bitwa ta stała się punktem zwrotnym w trwającej od 1941 roku . Japońskie niepowodzenia pod Kohimą i Imphalem były największymi porażkami armii japońskiej w dotychczasowym biegu wojny i kosztowały Japończyków wiele ofiar poniesionych nie tylko w walkach, ale też w wyniku głodu, chorób i wycieńczenia, których doświadczyli żołnierze podczas odwrotu. (pl) A Batalha de Infal(Imphal) ocorreu durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, em volta da cidade do mesmo nome, no estado de Manipur, nordeste da Índia, entre março e julho de 1944. O exército imperial japonês tentou destruir os exércitos aliados em Infal para invadir a Índia, mas foram rechaçados de volta à Birmânia com pesadas perdas em homens e material. Junto da batalha acontecida simultaneamente na cidade de Kohima, na estrada na qual os Aliados que se encontravam cercados foram libertados, esta batalha foi o ponto de virada na Guerra da Birmânia em favor dos Aliados e parte do teatro da guerra no Sudeste Asiático durante a Guerra do Pacífico. (pt) 英帕爾戰役（Battle of Imphal，日軍代號：ウ号作戦），為第二次世界大戰期間日本帝國陸軍對英屬印度所發動的戰役之一，戰役從1944年3月開始至同年7月結束，最後以日軍的慘敗收場，以單一作戰計畫損失規模而論，本戰役為日軍在二次世界大戰期間損傷最慘重的戰役。 在此役中日軍由牟田口廉也中將統率，目標為奪取印度東北重鎮因帕爾。出征的90,000餘名士兵中，只有約10,000人生還，其中戰死32,000人，過半數的數萬餘名死者則是因為在敗退途中因飢餓或疾病而死。損失如此慘重的主因源自於指揮官牟田口廉也脫離現實且不負責任的作戰計畫與逃避指揮責任，此戰至今仍被視為一場標準的軍事災難；在日本至今用英帕爾去形容某人去做某事已成為「有勇無謀」的代名詞。 (zh) |
| dbo:causalties | 12,603 killed and wounded |
| dbo:combatant | British Empire Japan *India |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Renya_Mutaguchi dbr:Geoffry_Scoones dbr:Subhas_Chandra_Bose dbr:Jack_Baldwin_(RAF_officer) dbr:William_Slim dbr:Masakasu_Kawabe |
| dbo:date | 1944-07-03 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II dbr:Operation_U-Go |
| dbo:place | dbr:British_Raj dbr:Manipur dbr:Imphal |
| dbo:result | British Indian victory |
| dbo:strength | 1 Armoured Brigade 1 Parachute Brigade 1 Tank Regiment 2 Indian regiments 3 Infantry Divisions 4 Infantry Divisions |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Imphalgurkhas.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20040805053846/http:/aircraftresourcecenter.com/Fea1/701-800/Fea747_Hurricane_Rao/fea747.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20041010114745/http:/www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/pages/Second-war/far-east.html https://web.archive.org/web/20041011232912/http:/burmastar.org.uk/imphal1.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20060430153547/http:/www.psywarsoc.org/timeline/japanese.php https://web.archive.org/web/20060520190343/http:/www.remuseum.org.uk/corpshistory/rem_corps_part16.htm%23india2 https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081853/http:/www.burmastar.org.uk/Imphal-map.gif https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/wwii-kohima-imphal-india-battle-intl-hnk/index.htmlRevisiting http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk |
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| dbp:caption | Gurkhas advancing with Grant tanks to clear the Japanese from Imphal-Kohima road in North Eastern British India (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 12603 (xsd:integer) 54879 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatant | Japan (en) British Empire * India (en) |
| dbp:commander | Jack Baldwin (en) William Slim (en) Geoffry Scoones (en) Masakasu Kawabe (en) Renya Mutaguchi (en) Subhas C. Bose (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Battle of Imphal (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-03-08 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the Operation U-Go during the Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II (en) |
| dbp:place | Imphal, Manipur, India (en) |
| dbp:result | British Indian victory (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La Batalla de Imphal fue una de las batallas más importantes de la Campaña de Birmania. Tuvo lugar en los alrededores de la ciudad del mismo nombre entre marzo y julio de 1944 y concluyó en un completo desastre para el Ejército Imperial Japonés, que intentaba -mediante su conquista- asegurarse un punto de apoyo para una eventual conquista de la India Británica o su neutralización como base de los ejércitos aliados. (es) La bataille d'Imphal est une bataille livrée entre les forces britanniques et les forces japonaises durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de mars à juillet 1944, dans la région autour de la ville d'Imphāl, dans l'extrême est de l'Inde. L'Armée impériale japonaise traversant la frontière birmane lance une offensive sur les possessions indiennes de l'Empire britannique, désignée sous le nom d'opération U-Go. L'armée japonaise tenta de détruire les forces alliées à Imphal et d'envahir l'Inde, mais fut repoussée jusqu'en Birmanie, subissant de lourdes pertes. (fr) Pertempuran Imphal adalah sebuah pertempuran yang berlangsung di sekitar kota Imphal, ibu kota negara bagian Manipur di India timur laut, dari Maret hingga Juli 1944. Dalam pertempuran ini, pasukan Kekaisaran Jepang mencoba menghancurkan pasukan Sekutu di Imphal dan menyerbu India, tetapi malah dipukul mundur ke Burma dan menimbulkan korban jiwa yang besar. Pertempuran ini berlangsung bersamaan dengan Pertempuran Kohima dan keduanya merupakan titik balik dalam kampanye militer Burma selama Perang Dunia II. Kekalahan Jepang di Kohima dan Imphal merupakan kekalahan terbesar Jepang pada saat itu.. (in) La battaglia di Imphal ebbe luogo nella regione intorno all'omonima città, capitale dello stato di Manipur, nell'India nordorientale, da marzo a luglio del 1944. I giapponesi tentarono di distruggere le forze alleate a Imphal per invadere l'India, ma furono respinti in Birmania con pesanti perdite. Insieme alla simultanea sulla strada dove le forze alleate circondate a Imphal furono salvate, la battaglia fu il punto di svolta della campagna della Birmania, parte del teatro del sud-est asiatico della seconda guerra mondiale. La sconfitta a Kohima e Imphal fu la più grande sconfitta fino a quella data nella storia giapponese, con migliaia di soldati giapponesi uccisi dalla fame, dalle malattie e dalla stanchezza durante la ritirata. (it) 임팔 전투(일본어: インパール作戦, 영어: Battle of Imphal, 힌디어: इम्फाल का युद्ध)는 1944년 3월부터 7월까지 북동인도 마니푸르주의 주도였던 임팔 일대에서 벌어진 전투였다. 일본 제국은 임팔에 주둔한 연합군을 공격하고 인도로 침공하고자 했으나 오히려 연합군에게 큰 패배를 당한채 미얀마로 후퇴했다. 와 동시에 벌어진 이 전투로 인해 임팔에 갇힌 연합군은 사태가 완화될 수 있었다. 이 전투는 동남아시아 전역의 일부였던 버마 전역에서 중요한 전환점이 되었다. 코히마와 임팔에서의 패배는 그 때까지의 일본군 역사상 가장 큰 패배였다. 일본군 사망자의 대부분은 철수하면서 생긴 기아·질병·탈진이 원인으로 죽었다. (ko) インパール作戦（インパールさくせん、日本側作戦名：ウ号作戦〈ウごうさくせん〉）とは、第二次世界大戦（大東亜戦争）のビルマ戦線において、1944年（昭和19年）3月に大日本帝国陸軍により開始、7月初旬まで継続された、イギリス領インド帝国北東部の都市であるインパール攻略を目指した作戦のことである。作戦はイギリスの植民地インドを独立させて、イギリスの勢力を一掃するという政治的な目的に加えて、ビルマ防衛のための攻撃防御や援蔣ルートの遮断を戦略目的としていた。 通俗的には、牟田口廉也中将の強硬な主張により決行された作戦として知られる。兵站に難があり、撤退時に特に多くの犠牲を出したことから、現在では「無謀な作戦」の代名詞としてしばしば引用され、日本軍における「史上最悪の作戦」と言われることもある。 イギリスでは主催のコンテストでの戦いも含め、「この勝利は、日本軍が無敵ではないことを断固として証明したため、非常に重要であった」とし、ノルマンディ上陸作戦やワーテルローの戦いなどを抑えて「Britain's Greatest Battle（イギリス陸軍最大の戦い）」に選出されている。 (ja) Bitwa o Imphal – starcie militarne stoczone w regionie miasta Imphal, stolicy stanu Manipur w północno-wschodnich Indiach pomiędzy marcem a czerwcem 1944 roku. Cesarska Armia Japońska próbowała zniszczyć siły alianckie pod Imphal i najechać na Indie w swojej ostatniej ofensywie w Azji w czasie II wojny światowej, ale została odparta i zepchnięta do Birmy z dużymi stratami. Wraz z toczoną w tym samym czasie bitwą o Kohimę, bitwa ta stała się punktem zwrotnym w trwającej od 1941 roku . Japońskie niepowodzenia pod Kohimą i Imphalem były największymi porażkami armii japońskiej w dotychczasowym biegu wojny i kosztowały Japończyków wiele ofiar poniesionych nie tylko w walkach, ale też w wyniku głodu, chorób i wycieńczenia, których doświadczyli żołnierze podczas odwrotu. (pl) A Batalha de Infal(Imphal) ocorreu durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, em volta da cidade do mesmo nome, no estado de Manipur, nordeste da Índia, entre março e julho de 1944. O exército imperial japonês tentou destruir os exércitos aliados em Infal para invadir a Índia, mas foram rechaçados de volta à Birmânia com pesadas perdas em homens e material. Junto da batalha acontecida simultaneamente na cidade de Kohima, na estrada na qual os Aliados que se encontravam cercados foram libertados, esta batalha foi o ponto de virada na Guerra da Birmânia em favor dos Aliados e parte do teatro da guerra no Sudeste Asiático durante a Guerra do Pacífico. (pt) 英帕爾戰役（Battle of Imphal，日軍代號：ウ号作戦），為第二次世界大戰期間日本帝國陸軍對英屬印度所發動的戰役之一，戰役從1944年3月開始至同年7月結束，最後以日軍的慘敗收場，以單一作戰計畫損失規模而論，本戰役為日軍在二次世界大戰期間損傷最慘重的戰役。 在此役中日軍由牟田口廉也中將統率，目標為奪取印度東北重鎮因帕爾。出征的90,000餘名士兵中，只有約10,000人生還，其中戰死32,000人，過半數的數萬餘名死者則是因為在敗退途中因飢餓或疾病而死。損失如此慘重的主因源自於指揮官牟田口廉也脫離現實且不負責任的作戰計畫與逃避指揮責任，此戰至今仍被視為一場標準的軍事災難；在日本至今用英帕爾去形容某人去做某事已成為「有勇無謀」的代名詞。 (zh) Bitva o Imphál (součást , někdy též označované jako operace C) byla součástí bojů v jihovýchodní Asii během druhé světové války. Ofenziva, v rámci níž se Japonská císařská armáda a Indická národní armáda pokusily o průnik na indické území ovládané Brity, probíhala roku 1944 od března do července. Operaci veleli generálporučíci a , vrchní velení Indické národní armády ztělesňoval Subháš Čandra Bose. (cs) The Battle of Imphal (Meitei: Japan Laan, lit. 'Japanese invasion') took place in the region around the city of Imphal, the capital of the state of Manipur in Northeast India from March until July 1944. Japanese armies attempted to destroy the Allied forces at Imphal and invade India, but were driven back into Burma with heavy losses. Together with the simultaneous Battle of Kohima on the road by which the encircled Allied forces at Imphal were relieved, the battle was the turning point of the Burma campaign, part of the South-East Asian theatre of World War II. The Japanese defeat at Kohima and Imphal was the largest up until that time, with many of the Japanese deaths resulting from starvation, disease and exhaustion suffered during their retreat. According to a voting in a contest run b (en) Битва при Импхале — сражение в ходе Второй мировой войны в местности около города Импхал, столицы княжества Манипур, на северо-востоке Британской Индии в период с марта по июль 1944 года между британскими и японскими войсками. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of Imphal (en) Bitva o Imphál (cs) Schlacht um Imphal (de) Batalla de Imfal (es) Pertempuran Imphal (in) Bataille d'Imphal (fr) Battaglia di Imphal (it) 임팔 전투 (ko) インパール作戦 (ja) Bitwa o Imphal (pl) Batalha de Infal (pt) Битва при Импхале (ru) 英帕尔战役 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | ) (en) Battle of Imphal (en) ( (en) Japan Laan (mni) |
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