Battle of Kharistan (original) (raw)
La battaglia di Kharīstān (in arabo: ﻣﻌﺮﻛـة ﺧﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ, Maʿrakat Kharīstān), detta anche giornata di Sān (in arabo: ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﻥ, Waqʿat Sān, dal nome di una località nei pressi del campo di battaglia), tatticamente collegata alla battaglia del Bagaglio di pochi mesi prima, fu un fatto d'armi combattuto nel dicembre del 737 in Transoxiana tra le truppe arabo-islamiche omayyadi e i Turchi Turgesh del Kaghan Su Lu.
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| dbo:abstract | وقعة خاريستان كانت معركة بين القوات الأموية وقوات التورجش التركية وقد حدثت في ديسمبر من العام 737 بالقرب من بلدة خاريستان في جوزجان، شرق خراسان (شمال أفغانستان الحديثة). تمكن الأمويون، في ظل حاكم خراسان، أسد بن عبد الله القسري، من مفاجأة وهزيمة خاقان التورجش، وحليفه، المنشق العربي الحارث بن سريج. غزت الجيوش المسلمة التابعة للدولة الأموية معظم ما وراء النهر في السنوات الأولى من القرن الثامن، كجزء من الفتوحات الإسلامية. منذ قرابة العام 720، واجه الحكم الأموي تحديًا متزايدًا إثر هجمات التورجش البدو الترك من الشمال، وثورات الأمراء الأصليين في ما وراء النهر. بعد هزيمة كبرى في وقعة الشعب في العام 731، فقد الأمويين السيطرة على معظم ما وراء النهر، بينما قاد الحارث بن سريج - في الأعوام من 734 حتى 736 - تمردًا كبيرًا ضد حكام الخلافة في خراسان نفسها. أدى تعيين المحارب المخضرم أسد بن عبد الله القسري إلى هزيمة بن سريج، لكن محاولة أسد في العام 737 لاستعادة السيطرة الأموية على خطل انتهت بكارثة عندما هاجم التورجش جيشه. ومع أن أسد تمكن من إنقاذ معظم قوته، فقد تكبد خسائر فادحة حيث خسر معظم أمتعة قطار جيشه ومرافقته في يوم الأثقال في 30 سبتمبر. بعدها، انسحب أسعد إلى بلخ، تاركًا الميدان للتورجش. في الوقت الذي جرى فيه تسريح الجيش المسلم وعاد إلى منازله لفصل الشتاء، غزا حاكم التورجش ، بعد نصيحة بن سريج، باختر. ترك هذا أسد مع عدد أقل لمواجهة غزو التورجش، ولكن عندما قام حاكم التورجش بتفريق جيشه للإغارة وجمع الأعلاف، انتهز أسد الفرصة لمواجهته حيث فاجئ سولوك، الذي كان معه حوالي 4000 جندي، ب7000 رجل، وهزمه بالقرب من خاريستان. تمكن حاكم التورجش وبن سريج من الفرار، ولكن معسكره سقط في أيدي المسلمين ودَمّرت معظم العصابات المتجولة في جيشه. عزز هذا النصر غير المتوقع الموقف الأموي المهدّد في خراسان، في الوقت الذي قلل فيه من مكانة سولوك، الذي وقع ضحية لمنافسات التورجش في أوائل العام 738. كان خليفة أسد نصر بن سيار قادرًا على استخدام انهيار سلطة التورجش، حيث أعاد في قرابة العام 743 الوضع المسلم في ما وراء النهر إلى ما كان عليه قبل تدخل التورجش. (ar) The Battle of Kharistan was fought between the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Turkic Türgesh in December 737 near the town of Kharistan in Juzjan, eastern Khurasan (modern northern Afghanistan). The Umayyads, under the governor of Khurasan, Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, managed to surprise and defeat the Türgesh khagan, Suluk, and his ally, the Arab renegade al-Harith ibn Surayj. The Arab armies of the Umayyad Caliphate had conquered most of Transoxiana in the early years of the 8th century, as part of the Muslim conquests. From c. 720, Umayyad rule was increasingly challenged by attacks from the Turkic Türgesh nomads from the north, and revolts of the native princes of Transoxiana. After a major defeat in the Battle of the Defile in 731, the Umayyads lost control over most of Transoxiana, while in 734–736 al-Harith ibn Surayj led a major rebellion against the Caliphate's governors in Khurasan itself. The appointment of the veteran Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri brought about the defeat of Ibn Surayj, but in 737 Asad's attempt to restore Umayyad control over Khuttal ended in a debacle when the Türgesh attacked his army. Although Asad managed to save most of his force, he suffered heavy losses, and lost most of his army's baggage train and its escort in the Battle of the Baggage on 30 September. Asad withdrew to Balkh, leaving the field to the Türgesh. While the Arab army demobilized and returned to their homes for winter, the Türgesh ruler Suluk, now advised by Ibn Surayj, launched an invasion of Lower Tokharistan. This left Asad with far fewer men to confront the Türgesh invasion, but when the Türgesh ruler dispersed his army to raid and gather forage, Asad seized the opportunity to confront him. With 7,000 men he surprised Suluk, who had only about 4,000 troops with him, and defeated him near Kharistan. The Türgesh ruler and Ibn Surayj managed to flee, but his camp fell into Arab hands, and most of the roaming bands of the Türgesh army were destroyed. This unexpected victory shored up the threatened Umayyad position in Khurasan, while diminishing the prestige of Suluk, who fell victim to inter-Türgesh rivalries in early 738. Asad's successor Nasr ibn Sayyar was able to use the collapse of Türgesh power, and by c. 743 had restored the Arab position in Transoxiana almost to what it had been before the Türgesh intervention. (en) La battaglia di Kharīstān (in arabo: ﻣﻌﺮﻛـة ﺧﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ, Maʿrakat Kharīstān), detta anche giornata di Sān (in arabo: ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﻥ, Waqʿat Sān, dal nome di una località nei pressi del campo di battaglia), tatticamente collegata alla battaglia del Bagaglio di pochi mesi prima, fu un fatto d'armi combattuto nel dicembre del 737 in Transoxiana tra le truppe arabo-islamiche omayyadi e i Turchi Turgesh del Kaghan Su Lu. (it) Битва при Харистане — сражение между арабской армией Омейядского халифата и силами Тюргешского каганата в декабре 737 года около города Харистан в Джузджане, восточный Хорасан (современный северный Афганистан). Омейяды во главе с губернатором Хорасана Асадом ибн Абдаллахом аль-Касри смогли застать врасплох тюргешского кагана Сулука и его союзника, арабского перебежчика аль-Хариса ибн Сурайджа. (ru) A Batalha de Caristão (em persa: خاريستان; romaniz.: Kharistan) foi travada entre as forças do Califado Omíada e do Grão-Canato Turguexe em dezembro de 737 perto da cidade de Caristão em Gusgã, a leste do Coração (moderno norte do Afeganistão). Os omíadas, sob o governador do Coração, , conseguiram surpreender e derrotar o grão-cã e seu aliado, o renegado árabe . Os exércitos árabes do Califado Omíada haviam conquistado a maior parte da Transoxiana nos primeiros anos do século VIII, como parte das conquistas muçulmanas. De c. 720, o domínio omíada foi cada vez mais desafiado por ataques dos nômades turcos de Turguexe do norte e revoltas dos príncipes nativos da Transoxiana. Após uma grande derrota na em 731, os omíadas perderam o controle da maior parte da Transoxiana, enquanto em 734-736 Alharite ibne Suraije liderou uma grande rebelião contra os governadores do califado no próprio Coração. A nomeação do veterano Assade ibne Abdalá Alcáceri trouxe a derrota de ibne Suraije, mas em 737 a tentativa de Assade de restaurar o controle omíada sobre Cutal terminou em um desastre quando os turguexes atacaram seu exército. Embora Assade tenha conseguido salvar a maior parte de sua força, sofreu pesadas baixas e perdeu a maior parte do trem de bagagem de seu exército e sua escolta na em 30 de setembro. Assade retirou-se para Balque, deixando o campo aos turguexes. Enquanto o exército árabe se desmobilizava e voltava para suas casas no inverno, o grão-cã Suluque, agora aconselhado por ibne Suraije, lançou uma invasão do Baixo Tocaristão. Isso deixou Assade com muito menos homens para enfrentar a invasão turguexe, mas quando o grão-cã dispersou seu exército para atacar e coletar forragem, Assade aproveitou a oportunidade para enfrentá-lo. Com 7 000 homens, surpreendeu Suluque, que tinha apenas cerca de 4 000 soldados, e o derrotou perto de Caristão. O Suluque e ibne Suraije conseguiram fugir, mas seu acampamento caiu nas mãos dos árabes, e a maioria dos bandos errantes do exército turguexes foram destruídos. Esta vitória inesperada reforçou a posição omíada ameaçada no Coração, enquanto diminuía o prestígio de Suluque, que foi vítima de rivalidades no início de 738. O sucessor de Assade, Nácer ibne Saiar foi capaz de usar o colapso do poder turguexe, e por volta de 743 restaurou a posição árabe na Transoxiana quase ao que era antes da intervenção turguexe. (pt) |
| dbo:combatant | Umayyad Caliphate Principality of Juzjan Sogdian princes ofTransoxiana TürgeshKhaganate |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Suluk_(Türgesh_khagan) dbr:Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj dbr:Asad_ibn_Abdallah_al-Qasri |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:Muslim_conquest_of_Transoxiana |
| dbo:place | dbr:Afghanistan dbr:Maymanah |
| dbo:result | Umayyadvictory |
| dbo:strength | men |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Transoxiana_8th_century.svg?width=300 |
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| dbp:caption | Map of Khurasan and Transoxiana in the 8th century (en) |
| dbp:combatant | dbr:Umayyad_Caliphate dbr:Türgesh dbr:Juzjan dbr:Khaganate Sogdian princes of Transoxiana (en) |
| dbp:commander | dbr:Suluk_(Türgesh_khagan) dbr:Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj dbr:Asad_ibn_Abdallah_al-Qasri |
| dbp:conflict | Battle of Kharistan (en) |
| dbp:date | December 737 (en) |
| dbp:first | R. (en) |
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| dbp:partof | the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana (en) |
| dbp:place | Kharistan (en) |
| dbp:quote | "On this skirmish at Kharistan, for it was little more, hung the fate of Arab rule, not only in Transoxania, but possibly even in Khurasan, at least for the immediate future. [...] Kharistan was not only the turning point in the fortunes of the Arabs in Central Asia, but gave the signal for the downfall of the Turgesh power, which was bound up with the personal prestige of [Suluk]." (en) |
| dbp:result | Umayyad victory (en) |
| dbp:source | H. A. R. Gibb. (en) |
| dbp:strength | men (en) |
| dbp:title | Djūzdjān (en) |
| dbp:url | https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1Oe16n-tfBEC https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2134 |
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| rdfs:comment | La battaglia di Kharīstān (in arabo: ﻣﻌﺮﻛـة ﺧﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ, Maʿrakat Kharīstān), detta anche giornata di Sān (in arabo: ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﻥ, Waqʿat Sān, dal nome di una località nei pressi del campo di battaglia), tatticamente collegata alla battaglia del Bagaglio di pochi mesi prima, fu un fatto d'armi combattuto nel dicembre del 737 in Transoxiana tra le truppe arabo-islamiche omayyadi e i Turchi Turgesh del Kaghan Su Lu. (it) Битва при Харистане — сражение между арабской армией Омейядского халифата и силами Тюргешского каганата в декабре 737 года около города Харистан в Джузджане, восточный Хорасан (современный северный Афганистан). Омейяды во главе с губернатором Хорасана Асадом ибн Абдаллахом аль-Касри смогли застать врасплох тюргешского кагана Сулука и его союзника, арабского перебежчика аль-Хариса ибн Сурайджа. (ru) وقعة خاريستان كانت معركة بين القوات الأموية وقوات التورجش التركية وقد حدثت في ديسمبر من العام 737 بالقرب من بلدة خاريستان في جوزجان، شرق خراسان (شمال أفغانستان الحديثة). تمكن الأمويون، في ظل حاكم خراسان، أسد بن عبد الله القسري، من مفاجأة وهزيمة خاقان التورجش، وحليفه، المنشق العربي الحارث بن سريج. (ar) The Battle of Kharistan was fought between the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Turkic Türgesh in December 737 near the town of Kharistan in Juzjan, eastern Khurasan (modern northern Afghanistan). The Umayyads, under the governor of Khurasan, Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, managed to surprise and defeat the Türgesh khagan, Suluk, and his ally, the Arab renegade al-Harith ibn Surayj. (en) A Batalha de Caristão (em persa: خاريستان; romaniz.: Kharistan) foi travada entre as forças do Califado Omíada e do Grão-Canato Turguexe em dezembro de 737 perto da cidade de Caristão em Gusgã, a leste do Coração (moderno norte do Afeganistão). Os omíadas, sob o governador do Coração, , conseguiram surpreender e derrotar o grão-cã e seu aliado, o renegado árabe . (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of Kharistan (en) وقعة خاريستان (ar) Battaglia di Kharistan (it) Batalha de Caristão (pt) Битва при Харистане (ru) |
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